ENHANCED METHOD FOR AMPLIFYING ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTOPEROXIDASE SYSTEM IN MILK AND DERIVED PRODUCTS BY CARROT EXTRACT AND BETA CAROTENE

OSCN–  has  been  known  and  well  documented  as  natural  antimicrobial  agent    generated  from the  lactoperoxidase  system (LPOS)  but  the  antimicrobial  activity  exerted  from  this  system  is  too  low  for  certain  food  such  as  milk  and  derived products (up to 1.2 log CFU/ml) resulting in the restriction on industrial  development  of  LPOS.  Our  previous  study  concluded  that  involvement  of  carrot  extract and beta carotene in LPOS significantly boosted the antimicrobial activity  (up  to  6  log  CFU/ml)  against  S.  enteritidis.  This  finding  should  be  continued  to  the  application  on  food.  Since  we  found  that  LPOS  generates  low  antimicrobial  activity  on  milk  and  derived  product,  our  research  will  be  conducted  on  the  application  of  LPOS  plus  carrot  extract  and  beta  carotene  on  milk  and  derived  product.  Because  the  high  antimicrobial  activity  is  needed  for  industrial  purposes,  this  research  may  open  the  way  for  industrial  development  of  natural  antimicrobial agent from LPOS.  This research will be conducted in three steps of experiment: (1) ensuring  the  incredible  antimicrobial  activity  of  LPOS  plus  carrot  extract  and  beta  carotene  against  three  poisonous  tropical bacteria:  C. jejuni,  S. enteritidis,  and E.  coli,  (2)  utilization  of  LPOS  plus  carrot  extract  and  beta  carotene  in  milk:  full  cream and skimmed milk, and (3) utilization of LPOS plus carrot extract and beta  carotene  in  milk  derived  product:  yogurt  and  tropical  fruity  milk.  The  purification  of  LPO  from  bovine  milk,  the  complimentary  data  analysis  for  generation  of  LPOS  antimicrobial  activity  by  the  addition  of  carrot  extract  and  beta  carotene  will  be  conducted  in  Japan  and  for  the  application  in  tropical  poisonous  bacteria,  milk,  and  milk  derived  product  will  be  conducted  in  Indonesia.  The  outcomes  of  this  research  from  three  step  of  research  are  three  international  publications  at  international‐scopus‐indexed‐journals  :  International Journal of  Dairy Science and  one  of  patent:  “enhanced  method  for  improvement of LPOS antimicrobial activity by involvement of carrot extract and  beta carotene in milk and derived product”.     Keywords:  Lactoperoxidase,  antimicrobial  activity,  carrot  extract,  beta  carotene,  milk, derived products

INVESTIGATION DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS GENERATED FROM THE MAILLARD REACTIONS OF METHIONINE WITH REDUCING SUGARS TO ENFOLD OFF FLAVOR IN GOAT’S MILK

Population of goat in Indonesia remains low and stagnant (about 1.2 % per year). In the other hand, Indonesia is a tropical country, which is suite for the goat’s growth. One of strong reason is low in goat-based product’s demand since “goaty” flavor existed in goat milk is off-flavor that is highly responsible for the consumer dislike. Therefore, to increase the demand, the reduction of “goaty” flavor is suggested. Our previous research showed the strategy to reduce intensity of “goaty” flavor by folding off-flavor with maillard product. Rare sugar is the new substances beside having zero calories and high antioxidant, but also acting as amino-binding in maillard reaction. Among rare sugars, only three: fructose, psicose, and tagatose that able to produce high intensity of intermediate product from maillard reaction but those intensity were disable to enfold the “goaty” flavor. Therefore, the integration to reactive amino acid, such as methionine is required to enhance the production intermediate product of maillard reaction resulting in the huge suppression to off-flavor in goat’s milk. Methionine is a remarkable reactive compound that has ability to produce high content of carbonyl compound; an intermediate compound from maillard reaction. Therefore, this research will integrate methionine and rare sugars in maillard reaction process to produce high content of intermediate product of maillard reaction to suppress the off-flavor in goat’s milk. This research will be done for 2 years and this 1 st research will be focused for (1) production of strong carbonyl compound (quinoxalines) from the reaction mixture containing methionine and rare sugars (2) one patent document, (3) one research paper in Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture (Scopus, IF= 0.3) and (4) one proceeding’s article at International Conference on Renewable Energy and Development, Japan (Scopus Indexed Proceeding). To the best our knowledge, there was no research about this and this research will be provide high value result. We believe that this research also provide a strategy to produce the less or no goaty flavor in goat’s milk with ease. Keywords: carbonyl compound, quinoxalines, goaty flavor, maillard reaction, rare sugars

A point symmetry based method for transforming ODEs with three-dimensional symmetry algebras to their canonical forms

We provide an algorithmic approach to the construction of point transformations for scalar ordinary differential equations that admit three-dimensional symmetry algebras which lead to their respective canonical forms

Fungal dysbiosis predicts the diagnosis of pediatric Crohn's disease

AIM: To investigate the accuracy of fungal dysbiosis in mucosa and stool for predicting the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD). METHODS: Children were prospectively enrolled in two medical centers: one university hospital and one private gastroenterology clinic in the city of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The children with confirmed diagnosis of CD by standard guidelines were considered cases, and the others were considered non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Mucosal and stool samples were sequenced utilizing Illumina MiSeq chemistry following the manufacturer’s protocols, and abundance and diversity of fungal taxa in mucosa and stool were analyzed. Sparse logistic regression was used to predict the diagnosis of CD. The accuracy of the classifier was tested by computing the receiver operating characteristic curves with 5-fold stratified cross-validation under 100 permutations of the training data partition and the mean area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS: All the children were Saudi nationals. There were 15 children with CD and 20 controls. The mean age was 13.9 (range: 6.7-17.8) years for CD children and 13.9 (3.25-18.6) years for controls, and 10/15 (67%) of the CD and 13/20 (65%) of the control subjects were boys. CD locations at diagnosis were ileal (L1) in 4 and colonic (L3) in 11 children, while CD behavior was non-stricturing and non-penetrating (B1) in 12 and stricturing (B2) in 3 children. The mean AUC for the fungal dysbiosis classifier was significantly higher in stools (AUC = 0.85 ± 0.057) than in mucosa (AUC = 0.71 ± 0.067) (P < 0.001). Most fungal species were significantly more depleted in stools than mucosal samples, except for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. bayanus, which were significantly more abundant. Diversity was significantly more reduced in stools than in mucosa. CONCLUSION: We found high AUC of fungal dysbiosis in fecal samples of children with CD, suggesting high accuracy in predicting diagnosis of CD. Key Words: Fungiome, Mycobiome, Crohn’s disease, Inflammation, Saudi children Core tip: We found high accuracy of fungal dysbiosis in predicting diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD), a finding similar to bacterial dysbiosis. However, the higher area under the curve for the fungal dysbiosis classifier in stool (0.85 ± 0.057) than in mucosa (0.71 ± 0.067) (P < 0.001), contrasts with bacterial studies, suggesting higher accuracy of stool samples. Although the clinical application of this finding is limited at present by the high cost of fungal analysis, such information is important from a scientific viewpoint, to increase the understanding of the role of fungal flora in CD and to stimulate further studies.The authors extend their appreciations to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Research Group No [RGP-1436-007]. This work was also supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation [No. 409704] to Kirill Korolev) and by the startup fund from Boston University to Kirill Korolev. Simulations were carried out on Shared Computing Cluster at Boston University. Rajita Menon was partially supported by a Hariri Graduate Fellowship from Boston University. Harland Winter, MD received support from Martin Schlaff and the Diane and Dorothy Brooks Foundation. (RGP-1436-007 - King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 409704 - Simons Foundation; Boston University; Hariri Graduate Fellowship from Boston University; Diane and Dorothy Brooks Foundation)Published versio

Writing Electronic Devices on Paper with Carbon Nanotube Ink

The normal paper used in any printer is among the cheapest flexible organic materials that exist. We demonstrate that we can print on paper high-frequency circuits tunable with an applied dc voltage. This is possible with the help of an ink containing functionalized carbon nanotubes and water. After the water is evaporated from the paper, the nanotubes remain steadily imprinted on paper, showing a semiconducting behaviour and tunable electrical properties

End User Adoption of ERP Systems: Investigation of Four Beliefs

This paper studies the effects of four beliefs of a group of end users on the adoption of ERP systems. The beliefs examined were perceived usefulness, ease of use, expected capability, and expected value. A sample of 58 SAP users was collected, via online survey, from a large company in Saudi Arabia. The validity and the reliability of the data collection instrument were tested using the exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach\u27s Alpha coefficients, respectively. Using multiple regression analysis, the perceived ease of use and the expected value of ERP system was found to have a significant direct effect on the acceptance of ERP system. However, the perceived usefulness and expected capability did not have a direct significant effect on acceptance of ERP systems. The study provides insights for organizations implementing ERP systems in developing countries