Abstracts der Tagung "Aktuelle Forschungsthemen des Biolandbaues" vom 06.04.05 an der FAL

Abstracts der Tagung "Aktuelle Forschungsthemen des Biolandbaues" vom 06.04.05 an der FAL - Ersatz von Kupfer im biologischen Kartoffelanbau: BLIGHT-MOP (2001-2005) Lucius Tamm und Bert Smit, FiBL (pdf-Datei, 4 MB) - Krankheiten und Schädlinge im Bio-Ackerbau Eindrücke von der 8. Wissenschaftstagung in Kassel – Ende der Nische? Hans-Rudolf Forrer, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (pdf-Datei, 3 MB) - Anbaussysteme, Bodenfruchtbarkeit und Nährstoffversorgung im Bioackerbau Ausgewählte Themen der Tagungen von Kassel und Newcastle David Dubois und Jochen Mayer, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (pdf-Datei, 1.8 MB) - Wo steht die Forschung zum pfluglosen Bio-Ackerbau? David Dubois, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (pdf-Datei, 345 KB) - Systemversuch mit Bioackerbau am Standort Burgrain - Auswirkungen des Bioanbaus auf Boden, Ertrag,Biodiversität, Ökobilanz und Wirtschaftlichkeit Urs Zihlmann, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz und Ruedi Tschachtli, LBBZ Schüpfheim LU sowie weitere Mitwirkende von FAL, FAT und LBBZ (pdf-Datei, 1.4 MB) - Graslandsysteme: Beiträge zur 8. Wissenschaftstagung ökologischer Landbau 2005 ausgewählt, zusammengefasst und gewertet durch Andreas Lüscher, Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (pdf-Datei, 700 KB) - Qualitätssicherung im Biolandbau: EU-Projekt „OrganicHACCP“: Analyse kritischer Punkte in ausgewählten Wertschöpfungsketten Gabriela S. Wyss, FiBL (pdf-Datei, 1.3 MB) - Wo steht die Qualitätsforschung? Thomas Alföldi, FiBL (pdf-Datei, 1.4 MB) - Delphi Expertenumfrage im Bereich Verarbeitung von biologischen Lebensmitteln: Resultate der ersten Umfrage Ursula Kretzschmar und Otto Schmid, FiBL (pdf-Datei, 483 KB) - Herkunftsbestimmung von Käse mit Bio-Kulturen von ALP. Aktueller Stand - Perspektiven Daniel Wechsler, Agroscope ALP Posieux (pdf-Datei, 2.6 MB

Using plant wax markers to estimate the diet composition of grazing Holstein dairy cows

The objective of this study was to test whether diet selection of dairy cows under grazing conditions could be estimated using plant wax markers. Furthermore, differences between 2 cow strains and the effect of concentrate supplementation on plant species selection were investigated. The experiment was a study with a crossover design performed on an organic farm with 12 Swiss Holstein cows and 12 New Zealand Holstein cows. Both experimental periods consisted of a 21-d adaptation and a 7-d measurement period. All cows grazed full time in a rotational stocking system and received either no concentrate or 6 kg/d of a commercial cereal-grain mix. Representative herbage samples of each grazed paddock were taken and botanical composition of subsamples was manually determined. The average proportions of the plant species were 27.8% Lolium perenne, 6.1% Dactylis glomerata, 10.4% Trifolium repens, and 9.0% Taraxacum officinale. Other grass species were merged as "other grass" (38.2%) and other forb species as "other forbs" (8.5%). n-Alkanes, long-chain fatty acids, and long-chain alcohols (LCOH) were analyzed in the samples of plant species, concentrate, and feces from each cow. A linear discriminant analysis indicated that diet components were differentiated best with LCOH (96%) and worst with the combination of all marker groups together (12%). For each marker, the fecal marker recovery (FR) relative to dosed ytterbium was determined in 2 ways. Estimation of diet composition was performed with the software "EatWhat," and results were compared with botanical composition with the Aitchison distance. The results indicate that the diet composition of grazing dairy cows can be estimated using plant wax markers. Additionally, the calculation of FR led to mostly reliable results, yet this approach needs further validation. The most accurate estimation was achieved with the marker combination of n-alkanes and LCOH with a correction for FR. Less accurate estimations were achieved with long-chain fatty acids alone or in combination with n-alkanes. No difference relating to diet selection between the 2 cow strains was recorded, but supplemented cows apparently ingested higher proportions of T. repens than nonsupplemented cows. Awareness that supplementation influences selection behavior of grazing dairy cows may lead to adaptations in botanical composition of the pasture according to the demand of the animals

New genomic insights into the conformation of Lipizzan horses

Conformation traits are important selection criteria in equine breeding, as they describe the exterior aspects of the horse (height, joint angles, shape). However, the genetic architecture of conformation is not well understood, as data of these traits mainly consist of subjective evaluation scores. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies on two-dimensional shape data of Lipizzan horses. Based on this data, we identified significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with cresty neck on equine chromosome (ECA)16 within the MAGI1 gene, and with type, hereby differentiating heavy from light horses on ECA5 within the POU2F1 gene. Both genes were previously described to affect growth, muscling and fatty deposits in sheep, cattle and pigs. Furthermore, we pin-pointed another suggestive QTL on ECA21, near the PTGER4 gene, associated with human ankylosing spondylitis, for shape differences in the back and pelvis (roach back vs sway back). Further differences in the shape of the back and abdomen were suggestively associated with the RYR1 gene, involved in core muscle weakness in humans. Therefore, we demonstrated that horse shape space data enhance the genomic investigations of horse conformation

Effect of ageing on the properties and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition of biochar

The influence of ageing on biochar properties has been investigated by comparing three fresh biochars with biochars artificially aged by either H2O2 thermal oxidation or horseradish peroxidase enzymatic oxidation. In addition, a field-aged counterpart for one of the biochars was recovered from an agricultural field site, four years after application. Biochar properties, including surface areas and pore volumes (derived by N2 and CO2 physisorption) and elemental compositions, showed only minor changes following both artificial and field ageing, indicating high biochar stability. Concentrations of the 16 US EPA PAHs were measured in all of the biochars and a contaminant trap was used to investigate the effect of ageing on their bioaccessibility. The concentrations of total and bioaccessible PAHs ranged from 4.4 to 22.6 mg kg−1 and 0.0 to 9.7 mg kg−1, respectively. Concentrations of the 16 US EPA PAHs decreased following field ageing, but the proportion of low molecular weight PAHs increased. The observed changes in PAH composition with field ageing can be explained by uptake from the surrounding soil and intra-biochar transfer processes. To better understand changes in PAH composition with ageing, an additional broad range of alkylated PAHs was also analyzed in selected samples. Our results show that the tested artificial ageing protocols are unable to approximate the changes in PAH composition resulting from field ageing. Nevertheless, total and bioaccessible PAH concentrations decreased for both artificially and field-aged biochars, indicating that biochars release PAHs when they are freshly produced and that the risk of PAH release decreases with ageing

Data from: Weekly defoliation controls but does not kill broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.)

Data from three experiments in which the leaves of the grassland weed Rumex obtusifolius L. (broad-leaved dock) were repeatedly removed, and in which regrowth was monitored

Nematóide de cistos da soja (Heterodera glycines)

Apresenta uma imagem de uma jovem nematóide de cistos da soja fêmeaEducação Superior::Ciências Agrárias::Agronomi