Chemical control of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) at Ere, Ogun State, Nigeria: implications for aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity conservation

(13 page document

Incidence of mayfly (Povilla sp.) infestation of wooden infrastructures of artisanal fishers in the lagoon and marine fisheries locations of Ogun State, Nigeria

A diagnostic survey of the incidence of mayfly (Povilla sp.) infestation of wooden infrastructures of the artisanal fishers in ten (10) lagoons and marine fishing villages of Ogun States (Nigeria) was carried out through the application of structured questionnaire and participatory Rural Appraisal interviews. The demographic, infrastructural and socioeconomic characteristics of the ten fishing villages sampled were derived and analyzed. The infestation which occurs all year round is found to be most prevalent (70%) in the wet season, increasing proportionally with salinity from 56% (brackish water); to 63% (marine water). The life-span of Povilla sp. is reduced from 55% to 62% (freshwater); 41% (brackish water) and 38% (marine water). Annual financial loss of N10,000.00 per fisher or N80,000,000.00 to the 8000 artisanal fishers affected in Ogun State is discussed. It is recommended that fishers should preferably use non-wood crafts and infrastructures while adopting appropriate management strategies for containing the existing infestatio

Preliminary report of fishing at the Alawariwa beels, Ogun State, Nigeria

The Alawariwa beels located in the flood plains of the Ogun River, off Ibafo in Owode/Obafemi Local Government Area of Ogun State number 16 with an approximate total surface area of 28.0 hectares. The beels are conveniently exploited between January and April annually when the dry season and riverine contraction make this possible. The daily landing showed that the fish enclosure is truly a natural fisheries reserve as well as a medium of biodiversity. Fish catch per unit effort is reasonable especially for the more abundant fish species. The beel is sufficiently productive and worthy of the fishing efforts of the fishing efforts of eight fishers undertaking the daily assignment. Beel fishing is therefore economically advisable for fishers having access to such valuable communal or individual natural wetland resource

The succession dispute to the throne of Lagos and the British conquest and occupation of Lagos

This paper examined the role and intervention of the British in the internal family dispute relating to the succession to the throne of Lagos that began in the early nineteenth century. That the usuper to the throne of Lagos, Kosoko who was branded a notorious slave trader was abdicated from the throne on the account of his notoriety as a slave trade dealer by the British and his uncle Akintoye, who was also a known slave dealer was re-installed as the ruler of Lagos on the agreement that the British missionaries and traders were given free course unhindered in their operations, lives much to be wondered about. The paper argued that beyond the moves to discontinue the trade in slaves and Christianize the area, there was much more the motivation for entrenching the British economic foothold beginning with Lagos which offered a leeway into the interior and coastal areas and the eventual colonization of Nigeria.Keywords: Succession Disputes, Church Missionary Society, Foreign Offic

Production decline analysis of horizontal well in gas shale reservoirs

The major factor influencing the increase of natural gas use is the rise in its global demand. Due to the relentlessly increasing demand, there have been improvements in the techniques and technology used in recovering natural gas from shale gas reservoirs, including drilling a horizontal well and hydraulic fracturing. One of the significant challenges associated with gas shale production is that it is difficult to reliably predict ultimate recovery and estimate reserves, leading to great risk in exploitation of these resources. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the current decline curve analysis techniques and provide a more reliable method for production forecast and reserve estimate for hydraulically fractured horizontal wells producing from gas shale reservoirs.;When production data of low permeability reservoirs are analyzed using Arp\u27s equation, the decline exponent b which is supposed to range between 0 and 1 is usually greater than 1. The actual decline exponent b value is not easy to come by in the transient period during the life of the well, however, having a decline exponent b value greater than 1 will overestimate the remaining reserves of the well.;In this study, first, decline characteristics for shale gas wells are presented by simulating long-term production performance for a variety of well-reservoir systems, including Dimensionless fracture conductivity change, different fracture stages and fracture half-length; then different current decline analysis methods were evaluated in estimating reserves and predicting future performances. These methods are Conventional Decline Curve Analysis, the Backward Method and the Ilk Method. The evaluation task was done through quantitative comparison of production forecast results from current decline analysis with true simulated recovery.;Finally, the Backward & Ilk method was proposed and evaluated. This research work indicates that the Backward & Ilk method can provide the most suitable and accurate results in estimating reserves and analyzing production data

Reinterpreting ‘Using Concept Maps in Law Schools to Foster Meaningful Learning: Evidence from a Pilot Study’ (Deplano, 2018)

A reinterpretation piece: For Rossana Deplano, learning goes beyond memorisation and her article wishes to provide an alternative that can help students shift from learning for tests to learning meaningfully. The article considers the method of using concept maps, which are similar to mind maps, but are formed as hierarchies, starting with the topic and expanding to various points. Rossana also believes that the road to meaningful learning needs the involvement of the teacher to help the students make connections between the prior and new knowledge. Taking all of this into consideration, the article inspired me to think about my own learning experience, and I reinterpreted the piece in the form of a poem, called ‘Cycle’. It is loosely linked to Kolb’s learning cycle, simplified as ‘do, think, conclude, adapt’

Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical Treatment and Antitubercular activity Evaluation of (E)-N’- (2,5-dimethoxylbenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide and some of its Transition Metal Complexes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv

(E)-N’-(2,5-dimethoxylbenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide) (HL) was synthesized by condensing nicotinic acid hydrazide and 2,5-dimethoxylbenzaldehyde with ONO coordination pattern. The structure of the hydrazone was elucidated by using CHN analyzer, ESI mass spectrometry, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR (COSY and HSQC). The hydrazone was used to synthesized five metal complexes [Mo(V), VO(II), Mn(II) Ni(II) and Cu(II)] which were characterized by several physicochemical methods, namely elemental analysis, electronic spectra, infrared, EPR, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. An octahedral geometry was suggested for Mo(V), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes while tetrahedral was proposed for Mn(II) complex. VO(II) complex conformed with tetrahedral pyramidal. Structural geometries of these compounds were also suggested in gas phase by using Hyper Chem-8 program for the molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations. The energy (E) and eV for homo and lumo state for the prepared compounds were calculated by using PM3 method. In vitro antimycobacterial activity study of the compounds was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv, by using micro-diluted method. Some of the metal complexes displayed higher activity than the ligand (HL) and isoniazid (INH).Also some of the complexes showed moderate activity when compared to isoniazid. Generally, the results obtained revealed that the compounds exhibited promising antitubercular activity. However, the metal complexes were found to be more toxic than isoniazid drug

Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Igbede, Ojo and Ojora rivers of Lagos, Nigeria

The distribution of some heavy metals, namely Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr and Mn in epipellic sediments of Igbede, Ojo and Ojora rivers of Lagos was studied weekly in the early summer (November) of 2003. The levels of selected trace metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (UNICAM 969 AAS SOLAR). Trends in heavy metal burdens in the sediments revealed weekly variations in all the rivers assessed. Statistical analyses also showed different mean levels of trace metals in the aquatic environments, the distribution of which followed the sequence Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Cd, Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cr > Cd and Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd in Igbede, Ojo and Ojora rivers respectively. Fe recorded the highest concentration levels (1,582.95 ± 96.57 μg/g–1,910.34 ± 723.19 μg/g) in all the sediments investigated while the Cd levels (0.06 ± 0.10 μg/g–0.47 ± 0.36 μg/g) were the lowest. Expectedly, trace metal concentrations in fine grain muddy sediments of the Igbede and Ojo coastline were much higher than those of Ojora which consist of coarse and sandy deposits covering the near shore area. Generally, the results obtained fell within toler-able limits stipulated by World Health Organization (WHO)

Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes of sulphadoxine mixed with pyramethamine: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and toxicology study

Two new mixed ligands metal complexes of sulphadoxine and pyramethamine were prepared by using CuCl2.6H2O and FeCl3.6H2O. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, molar conductivity, metal content analysis (AAS), IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data, the complexes were proposed to have the formulae [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] (where M1 = Cu(II), M2 = Fe(III)), L1 = sulphadoxine, L2 = pyramethamine). The spectroscopic data proposed L1 to be a monodentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 group in both complexes. Also, L2 was proposed to be tridentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 groups and through N atom of imine group. However, [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] were proposed to possess distorted octahedral geometry. Conductivity measurement values supported the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic bacteria [g(+) Escherichia coli, g(+) Proteus species, g(+) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and g(+) Salmonella typhi] by using disc diffusion method. Obtained results indicated that the metal complexes exhibited better antibacterial activities as compared to the ligands. Toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes in the kidney as compared to the parent drugs. [M1L1L2(Cl)2] was found to be toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats used, while [M2L1L2(Cl)3] was found to be non-toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats as their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values showed non-significant difference to the control values

Synthesis of (E) -N'-(5-bromo 2-hydroxybenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide) and its Pt(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Mo(V) Complexes as potential Anti-tubercular agent

The cold condensation reaction of nicotinic acid hydrazide and 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde to form a tridentate Schiff base hydrazone ligand, (H2L3) was studied. The prepared ligand was characterized using CHN analyzer, ESI mass spectrometery, IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR, and 2D NMR such as COSY and HSQC. Therafter, five novel complexes [Pt(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Mo(V) of the hydrazone ligand were synthesized and characterized based on conductivity measurements,CHN analysis, AAS, magnetic measurement, UV/Vis, IR, ESR and TGA/DTA study. The proposed structures of the metal complexes were further supported through the use of powder X-ray analysis. The tubercular activity study of the compounds was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv by using micro- diluted method. The study revealed that H2L3 exhibited promising anti-tubercular activity with MIC value of 0.82 µg/mL. Also, metal complexes (Pt(H2L3)Cl)- 0.88 µg/mL, [Mn(H2L3)(CH3COO)2]-0.78 µg/mL, [Zn[H2L3)(CH3COO)2H2O]-0.62 µg/mL and [Ni(H2L3)Cl2]H2O-1.19 µg/mL exhibited significant inhibition as compared to the standard drug (isoniazid-0.91 µg/mL). Complexes 2 and 3 with coordinated acetates showed two-folds inhibition than standard isoniazid drug. However, complex 5 with coordinated chlorine atom displayed lower inhibition when compared to isoniazid