Estimation of the height of the first interaction in gamma-ray showers observed by Cherenkov telescopes

Very high energy gamma rays entering the atmosphere initiate Extensive Air Showers (EAS). The Cherenkov light induced by an EAS can be observed by ground-based telescopes to study the primary gamma rays. An important parameter of an EAS, determining its evolution, is the height of the first interaction of the primary particle. However, this variable cannot be directly measured by Cherenkov telescopes. We study two simple, independent methods for the estimation of the first interaction height. We test the methods using the Monte Carlo simulations for the 4 Large Size Telescopes (LST) that are part of the currently constructed Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory. We find that using such an estimated parameter in the gamma/hadron separation can bring a mild improvement (~10-20%) in the sensitivity in the energy range ~30-200 GeV.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

Studies of the nature of the low-energy, gamma-like background for Cherenkov Telescope Array

The upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project is expected to provide unprecedented sensitivity in the low-energy ( <~100 GeV) range for Cherenkov telescopes. In order to exploit fully the potential of the telescopes the standard analysis methods for gamma/hadron separation might need to be revised. We study the composition of the background by identifying events composed mostly of a single electromagnetic subcascade or double subcascade from a {\pi}0 (or another neutral meson) decay. We apply the standard simulation and analysis chain of CTA to evaluate the potential of the standard analysis to reject such events.Comment: All CTA contributions at arXiv:1709.03483. Proc. of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Busan, Kore

The case of Nowe Warpno – new dimension of underwater research in the Szczecin Lagoon

Following paper presents a new aspect of the study of submerged landscapes in the Szczecin Lagoon. This aspect is the importance of coastal processes for the conservation status of the sites and archaeological contexts. Underwater prospection can lead to collection of archaeological material of an entirely different character. These artifacts may in fact come from the destroyed land erosion processes (abrasion), and so – in terms of methodology of archeology – lie on the secondary deposit. Of course, cognitive value of such sources is very different than artifacts found in full context. However, there is possibility to use them not only to study archeology, but to assess the scale, pace and extent of coastal phenomena perceived as post-depositional processes

Influence of Thermal Treatment on Relaxor Properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 Ceramics

In the hereby paper the implications of thermal modification of BaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics in high vacuum (5×10-11 bar) at a temperature equal of 1173K are widely discussed. The mentioned modification caused changes in the ions concentration (confirmed by EDS and XPS analysis) and as a consequence an influence on the value of the unit cell parameters as well as on the dielectric and relaxor properties of described ceramics. The obtained results of EDS and XPS analysis of the sample before and after thermal treatment revealed bismuth ions diffusion to the surface of the sample (which was expected) and an almost complete the lack of barium ions on the modified surface. The comparison of EDS and XPS analysis results, suggested that they penetrated the interior of the sample and embedded into the crystal structure in place of bismuth. The hypothesis is in good agreement with the results of X-ray diffraction-the volume of the unit cell had an insignificant increase. The changes in the ions concentration influenced, also in a distinct manner, the dielectric and relaxor properties as well as on the shape of temperature characteristic of thermal stimulated depolarization current observed in BBN ceramics

Realisations of the Word-initial Variable (th) in Selected Late Middle English Northern Legal Documents

Synchronic variability in the area of phonetics, phonology, vocabulary, morphology and syntax is a natural feature of any language, including English. The existence of competing variants is in itself a fascinating phenomenon, but it is also a prerequisite for diachronic changes. This volume is a collection of studies which investigate variability from a contemporary and historical perspective, in both native and non-native varieties of English. The topics include Middle English spelling variation, lexical differences between Middle English dialects, Late Middle and Early Modern English forms of address, Middle English negation patterns, the English used by Polish immigrants living in London, lexical fixedness in native and non-native English used by Polish learners, and the phenomenon of phonetic imitation in Polish learners of English. The book should be of interest to anyone interested in English linguistics, especially English phonetics and phonology as well as history of English, historical dialectology and pragmatics.This paper is a study in Late Middle English orthography and its relationship with the phonological system. The study was conducted on a representative sample of legal documents from all core northern counties. The analysis concerned the variable (th) that stands for a systemic distinction between /ð/ and /θ/ by means of two graphemes: and in the north of England. The results of the quantitative analysis confirmed the existence of the Northern System, however, in its decline. The analysis of discrete grammatical words proved that the, that and they were the most conservative words showing a significantly higher preference for than the remaining grammatical words examined in the present study

A 12-year old girl with severe plaque psoriasis and Down syndrome treated successfuly with etanercept

Microsporum (M.) canis is the most common fungus to cause tinea capitis in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region and South and Central Europe. Fungal scalp infections caused by M. canis tend to be non-inflammatory. Recently, a growing number of cases of tinea capitis characterized by inflammatory infection caused by M. canis and M. gypseum have been registered. We present a case of highly inflammatory tinea capitis, also known as kerion celsi, caused by M. canis in a 6-year-old-patient. Scalp infections due to M. canis are a growing problem in dermatological practice. Changes in epidemiology, etiology, and clinical patterns of fungal infections due to M. canis are significant. Greater awareness of this problem is needed in order to establish proper diagnosis and successful treatment strategy for these patients. </p

A 12-year old girl with severe plaque psoriasis and Down syndrome treated successfuly with etanercept

Microsporum (M.) canis is the most common fungus to cause tinea capitis in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region and South and Central Europe. Fungal scalp infections caused by M. canis tend to be non-inflammatory. Recently, a growing number of cases of tinea capitis characterized by inflammatory infection caused by M. canis and M. gypseum have been registered. We present a case of highly inflammatory tinea capitis, also known as kerion celsi, caused by M. canis in a 6-year-old-patient. Scalp infections due to M. canis are a growing problem in dermatological practice. Changes in epidemiology, etiology, and clinical patterns of fungal infections due to M. canis are significant. Greater awareness of this problem is needed in order to establish proper diagnosis and successful treatment strategy for these patients. </p