[Review of] Henry (Yoshitaka) Kiyama. The Four Immigrants Manga: A Japanese Experience in San Francisco, 1904-1924, translated by Frederik L. Schadt

This historically important document is a translation of a humorous comic book published in 1931 based on the experiences of the author, Henry (Yoshitaka) Kiyama, as he immigrated to the United States. Kiyama crossed the ocean from Japan to study art in San Francisco in 1904, at the age of nineteen. Upon his arrival he worked as a house servant during the day and went to school at night. It is not well known here, but until the Second World War a large number of Japanese immigrants came to mainland America with student visas rather than work permits; many of these students became school-boys (that is, household help) and did not really go to school (though Kiyama did actually attend art college)

Latex Photoimmunoassay of Serum Ferritin

A basic analysis including recovery, reproducibility and dilution tests and clinical analysis of the latex photoimmunoassay, LPIA, produced acceptable results. One sample could be processed in a few minutes, which is a much shorter period of time than is required by the RIA or EIA, anzyme immunoassay. Sensitivity was a few nanograms per milliliter. The correlation coefficient with the IRMA was 0.973. Specificity was high and without the influence of various interfering factors in serum. The LPIA, therefore, seems to be a simple but reliable tool for estimating iron storage conditions and a tumor marker for rapidly screening of malignant diseases

Postoperative Course of Crohn\u27s Disease -In regard to Recurrence and Residual Disease at Anastomosis -

Twenty-seven patients with Crohn\u27s disease who were operated on at the First Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and followed-up after surgery were reviewed. Involved portion of intestinal tract were 10 in small bowel only, 14 in both small and large bowels, and 3 in large bowel. Major indication for surgery were obstruction, fistula, peritonitis and intractability of medical therapy. Twenty-two patients underwent radical resection and the other 5 patients had the disease left behind at anastomosis. The recurrence rate was 25.9% (7 out of 22), and early recurrence was found in small bowel diseases with longitudinal ulcerations or multiple aphthoid ulcers. Initial recurrence occured near the suture line, which showed no wide spreading in subsequent periods. Two cases with both small and large bowel disease required reoperation over 5 years after initial surgery because of stenosis. Three out of five cases with residual disease at the intestinal resection margin had a good condition, but the other three cases with skip sigmoid disease were intractable for medical therapy. Most suture line recurrence and residual disease at anastomosis were sufficiently managed by postoperative medication for long periods of time. Long-term follow-up study showed a good quality of life in about 75% of these cases. In conclusion, conservative resection rather than the sacrifice of normal bowel should be recommended for an extended disease of small bowel

FABP7 expression in normal and stab-injured brain cortex and its role in astrocyte proliferation

Reactive gliosis, in which astrocytes as well as other types of glial cells undergo massive proliferation, is a common hallmark of all brain pathologies. Brain-type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7) is abundantly expressed in neural stem cells and astrocytes of developing brain, suggesting its role in differentiation and/or proliferation of glial cells through regulation of lipid metabolism and/or signaling. However, the role of FABP7 in proliferation of glial cells during reactive gliosis is unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of FABP7 in mouse cortical stab injury model and also the phenotype of FABP7-KO mice in glial cell proliferation. Western blotting showed that FABP7 expression was increased significantly in the injured cortex compared with the contralateral side. By immunohistochemistry, FABP7 was localized to GFAP+ astrocytes (21% of FABP7+ cells) and NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (62%) in the normal cortex. In the injured cortex there was no change in the population of FABP7+/NG2+ cells, while there was a significant increase in FABP7+/GFAP+ cells. In the stab-injured cortex of FABP7-KO mice there was decrease in the total number of reactive astrocytes and in the number of BrdU+ astrocytes compared with wild-type mice. Primary cultured astrocytes from FABP7-KO mice also showed a significant decrease in proliferation and omega-3 fatty acid incorporation compared with wild-type astrocytes. Overall, these data suggest that FABP7 is involved in the proliferation of astrocytes by controlling cellular fatty acid homeostasis

都市部女子中高生の食育課題の検討 : 食意識・食行動・食環境,食事調査分析結果

OBJECTIVE: In this study we investigated dietary consciousness, dietary behavior, dietary environment and dietary intake in Japanese urban schoolgirls and their mothers, and examined some useful indicators for their dietary education. METHODS: The survey was conducted during Sept 2005. Participants: The subjects were 262 junior high school girls (age 12-13yrs) and 240 mothers, 145 senior high school girls (age 15-16yrs) and 90 mothers, total subjects were 737. OUTCOME: 1. The questionnaire asked about their weight perception, eating behavior, environment, habits, and health condition in 76 questions. 2. Energy intake was assessed by 2 day dietary record method. 3. Age, height and body weight were measured by a teacher. Those with a tendency towards obesity were ≧120, and those underweight were ≦80%, based on the baseline degree of obesity by the Ministry of Education. A TANITA scale was used and BMI was calculated based on the degree of obesity in the Japanese Obesity Association. RESULTS: 1. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained between the body type classification and the degree of obesity, (junior high school girls: p<0.001, senior high school girls: p<0.001). Many schoolgirls perceived themselves overweight notwithstanding that weights were at an appropriate level. 2. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained between the self-rated energy intakes and the degree of obesity, (junior high school girls: p<0.001, senior high school girls: p<0.01). 3. Energy intakes by 2day dietary record method were not enough compared to their EER (estimated energy requirement), junior high school girls: 1685±410kcal, senior high school girls: 1670±433kcal. Micronutrient intake of Ca, Fe, VC and dietary fiber were less than DG (tentative dietary goal), but the ratio of fat energy was over the UL (tolerable upper intake level), junior high school girls: 32.5%, senior high school girls: 34.6%. 4. Energy intake of the mothers significantly correlated with that of their children in evening meals (breakfast: r=0.23, lunch: r=0.21, evening: r=0.35, total intake: r=0.25). 5. Correlation of between-item by Theory of quantification III showed 2 patterns. One correlated to the healthy dietary behavior, perception and environment, the other one had contradictory pattern that correlated to "overeat", "overweight" and "dieting practice" (η^2=0.13). DISCUSSION: In this study we describe probable associations which may provide an understanding of some aspects of nutrition education for Japanese urban schoolgirls

Japanese Brazilians: The Japanese language community in Brazil

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe

Language choice, an ethnographic study of the Nôhon-shugi ideology and language maintenance of Japanese immigrants in Brazil

grantor: University of TorontoThe Kubo Commune was established in 1926 in Sao Paulo, Brazil, by Japanese immigrants. Approximately ninety members live together and use solely Japanese, the language of the first-generation immigrants, as the means of communication. The commune people do not mix their Japanese with Portuguese, the official language of Brazil. Children of the commune grow up with no knowledge of Portuguese until they reach the school age of seven. The Japanese language is a manifestation of their ideology, Nohon-shugi or "Agriculture-First Principle." This ideology teaches the understanding of, and living with, nature. Because of this ideology they choose to stay in agricultural cultivation areas and maintain a social boundary between Japanese-Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians. Although they have kept Japanese as their dominant language, their speech behaviour, especially that of women, is different from that of Japanese in Japan. The women's speech behaviour, called Arai Kotoba or the sincere speech style, is a representation of the Nohon-shugi ideology. Although men respect this ideology, they try to speak with the speech behaviour of Japanese in Japan. This is because the gender role of men is to protect the commune from outsiders. Thus, men imitate the speech behaviour of outsiders in order to keep up the appearance of the commune to outsiders who do not understand the significance of Arai Kotoba. This thesis contributes to theories of language choice in bi- or multi-lingual societies. In also explores language from the point of view of the complex, dynamic, conceptions of the speakers, that is, how speakers see themselves in relation to outsiders within the context of socio-economic and cultural power.Ph.D

RELIGIOUS SOCIOLOGY OF “PRISETLY” AND “FEMINITY”: A CASE STUDY OF “NUNS OF NICHIREN SECT OF BUDDHISM”

博士（社会学）12613甲第935号一橋大