REINTERPRETASI “MAQOM KAROMAH” DI TENGAH MASYARAKAT DALAM KAJIAN SEMIOTIK CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE

People often clash the term "Maqom Karomah" which is different from the original sentence, making the meaning shift away from the original meaning. Starting from the object in the form of material that has reason, the object turns into material that has no sense, because of different cultures and values in society. This research is an analysis of a text/sentence using Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotics, Charles Sanders Pierce's model is known as Triadic (Triangle Meaning Semiotics), and the interpretant (interpretant)

The Job Placement and Employment Pathways of the Nursing Graduates of College of Nursing Riyadh for the Academic Year 2005 – 2011

Objective: This study has explored the employment pathways of the nursing graduates of ×× University - College of Nursing-Riyadh relative to their job placement and employment behavior from September 2005-2011. Method: A qualitative research design using exploratory descriptive interpretive approach for the purpose of extensiveness, understanding and in-depth explanation. College of Nursing, Riyadh, KSA All College of Nursing graduates was considered eligible for the study provided they had passed the minimum of two years after graduation until the time of data collection. 374 graduates were qualified for the study. A self-developed questionnaire was utilized with the following categories: Demographic, Academic, Job placement (employment, transfer, and  resignation), career promotion and post graduate studies. The data were collected from subjects utilizing different techniques, depending on their geographic locations, such as a face to face interview, phone interview and e-mail correspondence. Results: Out of 374 subjects, 367 were initially employed after earning a BSN degree which leads to the general employment rate of approximately 98% among CON graduates.  91% of graduates retained their first two years employment, 89% retained till the end of their third year and 86.4% up to the end of their fifth employment year. 99% of the graduates were staff nurses during the first employment and only 1% belonging to education/research position. Moreover, 58.4% of the subjects chose the specialized areas such as: critical and cardiac unit, operating room and emergency nursing as career paths. Conclusion: The result of this study is reflecting an emerging image of a dedicated career- oriented female nurses and sustainable workforce of the country.  The study is a valuable contribution to quality improvement relative to preparation and building of a credible workforce along with peer academic institutions and concerned policy makers. Similar studies are extremely needed on national workforce performance in the country

Prevalence of YMDD Variants Leading to Lamivudine Resistance among Chronic HBV Patients in Gaza Strip-Palestine

Background: Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is widely spread in the world, so that there are a variety of antiviral drugs for HBV,. In Gaza strip the most commonly used anti- HBV drug is lamivudine. Long term use of lamivudine causes mutations; the most common mutations worldwide are rtM204 V/I/S and rt L180M. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of lamivudine resistance among chronic patients in Gaza strip and to determine possible risk factors associated with lamivudine resistance. Materials and Methods: During this study all patients attending the medical centers in Gaza Strip (100 patients) were tested for viral load using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Fiftyfour chronic hepatitis B patients with viral load above 4500 IU/mLwere included in the study. Lamivudine resistance for these patients was detected via RT-PCR. Data on possible risk factors was completed by the researcher from medical records and from calling patients to insure proper data collection. Results: The prevalence of lamivudine resistance genotypes was divided in this study into five groups; the first group is the wild type (YMDD) it was found in (32.6%) of the study population, then YMDD mixed with YIDD was (41.3%), the third was YIDD alone it was found in (13%), the fourth YIDD / YVDD was (2.2%), the final group was YMDD / YIDD / YVDD patients (10.9%). In addition, No significant relationship between YMDD(Wild type), YIDD,YIDD/YVDD,YIDD/ YMDD, and (YMDD /YIDD/ YVDD) versus age, sex, lamivudine intake duration, and liver function tests (ALT & AST).While a significant relation was fond between these variables with viral load. As well as significance have seen in wild type and mutant type with lamivudine intake duration. Conclusion: Lamivudine resistance was detected among chronic hepatitis B patients, therefore, routine monitoring for such patients in Gaza strip is highly recommended

Bioplastics from sweet potatoes

As oil runs out and the use of fossil fuels becomes expensive, the need for replacement source of raw material for the manufacture of plastics becomes essential. Bioplastics are essential as an alternative of commercial plastics from fossil fuels. Bioplastics are eco-friendly and biodegradable hence provide an effective way to replace the commercial plastics. Producing bioplastics from three types of sweet potatoes which are white, orange and purple in colour is the main goal of the study. Extraction techniques were applied to obtain starch from the sweet potatoes. The starch was then mixed with chemical solution such as glycerine, vinegar and distilled water to form bioplastic. The bioplastics were tested for biodegradability, stretch and water adsorption tests. The results show that the bioplastics from white potatoes degrade faster than the other types of sweet potatoes while commercial plastics cannot be degraded at all. White sweet potatoes have less absorption of water which it is the best criteria for bioplastics. Stretchable of white sweet potatoes is more compared to the other types of sweet potatoes. Bioplastics from white sweet potatoes have a good potential as a replacement of commercial plastics

4-Amino-3-ammonio­pyridinium dinitrate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C5H9N3 2+·2NO3 −, the cations and anions are connected by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The crystal structure is further stabilized by π⋯π inter­actions between pyridinium rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.775 (4) Å]

Crashworthiness performance of hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy tube on winding orientation effect under quasi-static compression load

This research was aimed to study the effect winding orientation on the crashworthiness performance of hybrid tube. The specimens tested under quasi-static compression load involve of three winding parameters (θ = 30°, 45° and 70°) of hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy and glass fiber reinforced epoxy as contrast specimen. The automated filament winding technique has been used in fabrication of hybrid and non-hybrid composite tube and crashworthiness performance was investigated experimentally. The effects of winding orientation on energy absorption capabilities and crashworthiness characteristic were investigated through quasi-static compression load and the result are compared with the glass fiber composite tube to justify the capability of hybrid natural/synthetic as energy absorption application. Hybridized samples proved to enhancing the progressive crushing capability as combination of local buckling, delaminate and brittle fracturing as progressive crushing modes. In the view of winding orientation aspect, the results of high winding orientation of hybrid composite tube elevated the crush load efficiency, specific energy absorption and energy absorption capability compared to glass composite tube (GFRP). The hybrid kenaf/glass composite tube with high winding orientation showed the best winding orientation to enhance the energy absorber characteristics as energy absorption application

Hybrid reinforced thermoset polymer composite in energy absorption tube application: a review

The custom of hybridization fibre composite in energy absorption tube application has gained the attention of structural crashworthiness in composite material industry. Thus, the approach of this review is to understand the effect in hybridization within metal/synthetic fibre composite, synthetic/synthetic fibre composite and nature/synthetic fibre composite as energy absorption tube, which reflects on the energy absorption characteristics and crashworthiness behaviors in previous the study. By way of instance, a wide range of methodology and particular parameter in previous study such as the effect in fibre arrangement, matrix polymer, technique of fabrication, fibre treatment (natural fibre), design in geometry/cross-section and others mechanism of hybrid fibre composite tube are highlighted which to comprehend the capability of the mechanical performance and collapsible behavior as sacrificial structure in high-performance structure applications. Moreover, in the recently studies there have been many of the research regarding structural materials as energy absorption tube has been introduced such as metal/matrix composites, new alloy metals and polymer composites which intended to evaluate the performance of these materials into circumstance in loading and impact characteristic. Therefore, this review article is trying to explore the research articles related to the effect of hybridization fibres and thermoset polymer as reinforcement for energy absorption tube research and expected would provide an information and idea which to expend the knowledge in future study of hybridization effect for energy absorption tube, moreover the development for future potential as new hybrid composite fibre materials from the natural/synthetic fibres reinforced composite material in employing of high-performance energy absorption tube application is still less discover and highlighted

2,6-Diamino­pyridinium 2-carb­oxy­benzoate

In the crystal of the title mol­ecular salt, C5H8N3 +·C8H5O4 −, the diamino­pyridine cation and the phthalate anion are linked by a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Within the phthalate anion, an almost symmetrical O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed. The ion pairs are linked by further N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (10)

Bis(2,6-diamino­pyridin-1-ium) hexa­aqua­cobalt(II) disulfate dihydrate

In the title compound, (C5H8N3)2[Co(H2O)6](SO4)2·2H2O, the complete complex cation is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry, such that the CoII cation is octa­hedrally coordinated by six water mol­ecules. The organic cation is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.013 (1) Å. In the crystal structure, the ions and mol­ecules are linked into a pseudo-layered three-dimensional supra­molecular network via O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak inter­molecular π–π inter­actions further stabilize the crystal structure [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5231 (4) Å]

Bis(2,6-diamino­pyridinium) bis­(hydrogen oxalate) monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C5H8N3 +·2C2HO4 −·H2O, contains two crystallographically independent 2,6-diamino­pyridinium cations, a pair of hydrogen oxalate anions and a water mol­ecule. Both 2,6-diamino­pyridinium cations are planar, with maximum deviations of 0.011 (2) and 0.015 (1) Å, and are protonated at the pyridine N atoms. The hydrogen oxalate anions adopt twisted conformations and the dihedral angles between the planes of their carboxyl groups are 31.01 (11) and 63.48 (11)°. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water mol­ecules are linked via O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network