Os periódicos brasileiros e a comunicação da pesquisa nacional

Brazilian journals occupy an important space and play an important role in imparting scientific research. Published mainly in open-access format, they enjoy high visibility and accessibility. Besides publishing over one third of the articles by authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions which are indexed in international databases, Brazilian journals contribute to balancing the multilingual communication of scientific production, mainly in leading knowledge areas in the country. Its future development emerges as a strategic agenda of policies geared towards supporting Brazilian research. Such noteworthy presence is contrasted by a poor average performance, much lower than that of journals in developed countries, measured by the number of citations each article receives. Such performance affects the impact of Brazilian research as a whole. Although that performance is due partially to the classical factors influencing the practice of citations, such as the language in which the article is published, theme area and international cooperation, improving Brazilian journals demands public policies to help overcome their limitations.Os periódicos brasileiros ocupam espaço e função importantes na comunicação da pesquisa científica nacional e são publicados majoritariamente em acesso aberto com alta visibilidade e acessibilidade. Além de publicarem mais de um terço dos artigos indexados internacionalmente com afiliação brasileira, os periódicos brasileiros contribuem para equacionar a comunicação multilíngue da produção científica particularmente nas áreas do conhecimento com centralidade nacional. O seu desenvolvimento futuro projeta-se como uma linha de ação estratégica nas políticas de apoio à pesquisa brasileira. Essa presença marcante é contrastada pelo desempenho médio muito inferior ao obtido pelos periódicos dos países desenvolvidos, medido em número de citações recebidas por artigo. Tal desempenho afeta o impacto da pesquisa brasileira como um todo. Embora parte desse desempenho seja devido aos fatores clássicos que influenciam a prática das citações, como idioma de publicação, área temática e colaboração internacional, o aperfeiçoamento dos periódicos brasileiros requer políticas públicas que contribuam para superar suas limitações

Articles by Latin American Authors in Prestigious Journals Have Fewer Citations

Background: the journal Impact factor (IF) is generally accepted to be a good measurement of the relevance/quality of articles that a journal publishes. in spite of an, apparently, homogenous peer-review process for a given journal, we hypothesize that the country affiliation of authors from developing Latin American (LA) countries affects the IF of a journal detrimentally.Methodology/Principal Findings: Seven prestigious international journals, one multidisciplinary journal and six serving specific branches of science, were examined in terms of their IF in the Web of Science. Two subsets of each journal were then selected to evaluate the influence of author's affiliation on the IF. They comprised contributions (i) with authorship from four Latin American (LA) countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico) and (ii) with authorship from five developed countries (England, France, Germany, Japan and USA). Both subsets were further subdivided into two groups: articles with authorship from one country only and collaborative articles with authorship from other countries. Articles from the five developed countries had IF close to the overall IF of the journals and the influence of collaboration on this value was minor. in the case of LA articles the effect of collaboration (virtually all with developed countries) was significant. the IFs for non-collaborative articles averaged 66% of the overall IF of the journals whereas the articles in collaboration raised the IFs to values close to the overall IF.Conclusion/Significance: the study shows a significantly lower IF in the group of the subsets of non-collaborative LA articles and thus that country affiliation of authors from non-developed LA countries does affect the IF of a journal detrimentally. There are no data to indicate whether the lower IFs of LA articles were due to their inherent inferior quality/relevance or psycho-social trend towards under-citation of articles from these countries. However, further study is required since there are foreseeable consequences of this trend as it may stimulate strategies by editors to turn down articles that tend to be under-cited.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Latin Amer & Caribbean Ctr Hlth Sci Informat, BIREME PAHO WHO, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, DIS Dept Informat Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, DIS Dept Informat Med, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 05/57665-8CNPq: 2006-0919Web of Scienc

MAPK pathway activation in pilocytic astrocytoma

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common tumor of the pediatric central nervous system (CNS). A body of research over recent years has demonstrated a key role for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling in the development and behavior of PAs. Several mechanisms lead to activation of this pathway in PA, mostly in a mutually exclusive manner, with constitutive BRAF kinase activation subsequent to gene fusion being the most frequent. The high specificity of this fusion to PA when compared with other CNS tumors has diagnostic utility. In addition, the frequency of alteration of this key pathway provides an opportunity for molecularly targeted therapy in this tumor. Here, we review the current knowledge on mechanisms of MAPK activation in PA and some of the downstream consequences of this activation, which are now starting to be elucidated both in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical considerations and possible future directions