Random raman fiber laser based on a twin-core fiber with FBGs inscribed by femtosecond radiation

Narrowband Raman lasing in a polarization-maintaining two-core fiber (TCF) is demonstrated. Femtosecond point-by-point inscription of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in individual cores produces a half-open cavity with random distributed feedback. The laser linewidth in the cavity with a single FBG inscribed in one core of the TCF reduced by ∼2 times with respect to the cavity with a fiber loop mirror. It is shown that the inscription of two FBGs in different cores leads to the formation of a Michelson-type interferometer, leading to the modulation of generation spectra near threshold. This technique offers new possibilities for spectral filtering or multi-wavelength generation

Pharmaceutical Risks of Injection Therapy: The Role of a Nurse

Nurse-administered injections come with a special set of risks, including such pharmaceutical factors as preparation of medicinal products in a vial prior to administration, conditions of their further storage, labelling of packages, and the need for personalised dosing of solutions for injection.The aim of the study was to analyse Russian state standard GOST R 52623.4-2015 and identify factors contributing to the risk of nursing staff’s errors in preparing, storing, and labelling of medicinal products for injection.Materials and methods. The authors analysed GOST R 52623.4-2015 Technologies for Performing Simple Medical Services of Invasive Interventions and assessed the identified risks by the FMEA method (failure modes and effects analysis).Results. The authors identified pharmaceutical risks, causes, and sources of hazardous events that occur during administration of parenteral medicinal products. The standard does not instruct readers on the order of mixing medicines in a vial and on choosing solvents for lyophilised powders. There is no labelling procedure for opened vials in the document. It does not stress the inadmissibility of pre-administration storage of a syringe/dropper with a medicinal product. The document lacks information on the need to warm the aqueous solutions that are stored in a refrigerator and/or administered at a temperature of 36–38 °С as per the package leaflet. The standard does not include a procedure for visual estimation of the volume of a solution drawn into a syringe for individual dosing of medicinal products to children. According to the FMEA risk assessment, the highest risks are posed by the order of mixing medicines in a vial and by the storage of syringes/droppers prior to administration to patients.Conclusions. To improve the safety of injection therapy, it is necessary to supplement the state standard with the identified causes of hazardous events. Nursing staff in medical organisations would benefit from in-house training on prevention of pharmaceutical risks carried out with the help of specialists in pharmaceutics and from wider involvement in discussing pharmacotherapy errors

Use of galvanostatic coulometry for determining nitroxoline

It was found that nitroxoline rapidly and quantitatively reacts with electrogenerated chlorine or bromine. The stoichiometric coefficients of these reactions are 1: 1.5 and 1: 1, respectively. The mechanism of the reaction of nitroxoline with electrogenerated bromine was proposed. A procedure was developed for the quantitative determination of nitroxoline in the substance and pharmaceuticals with a relative standard deviation of 1-3%. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Quantitative estimation of benzylisoquinoline derivatives by coulometric titration

A method for estimating papaverine HCl and drotaverine HCl by coulometric titration with biamperometric indication of the end point was developed. The stoichiometric coefficients of the reactions of papaverine and drotaverine with electrogenerated chlorine were determined. Microgram quantities of agents in substance and therapeutic forms were estimated with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.01-0.03. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Impact of landed property transformation on reproductive process in the agrarian process of regions

The article presents the results on land ownership transformation and its impact on the reproductive process in the agricultural sector of the Volga Region Federal District in conditions of the existing model. The analysis of the consequences of the land reform, of which 115,4 million hectares of agricultural lands were transferred into common share ownership in the form of land shares without defining the boundaries on the ground, was carried out. Availability of land shares which are not transformed into the land, fouls up and causes chaos and uncertainty in land relations, leading to the criminalization of the land market, speculative land transactions, hinders the development of the land turnover. The position of the Volga Region Federal District and its individual regions in regard to the national indexes that characterize agricultural production, factors of reproduction, is established. The conclusion concerning the low level of production profitability is made, and it hampers the extended reproduction and, consequently, the high demand for land for agricultural purposes in the future.peer-reviewe

Concentration curves in atomic absorption spectrometry

A detailed analysis of the correlation between the number of absorbing atoms, N, and the absorbance, A, produced by them, i.e. A = f(N), is given. This analysis is valid for any optical thickness of the absorbing layer and accounts for Doppler broadening and pressure broadening of the emission and absorption lines, hyperfine structure and collisional shift as well as spatial temperature distribution and analyte distribution non-uniformities of the absorbing layer. It is shown that all the spectral features lead to curvature and a decreasing of the slope of the initial portion of the concentration curves. However, these effects are considerable only for analysis lines that consist of widely spaced hyperfine components. High stability of the concentration curves to variations of parameters defining the profile of the analysis line is shown. Parameters of the concentration curves, sensitivity, characteristic concentrations, curvature coefficient, and linearity range are introduced and calculated. Spatial non-uniformities of the absorbing layer affect the concentration curves much more strongly than the above spectral features of the analysis line. It is shown that the spatial non-uniformities act in two different ways: longitudinal temperature and concentration gradients result in a decrease in the slope of the concentration curves while cross-sectional non-uniformities lead to curvature of the concentration curves. It is suggested that the lateral non-homogeneity of the analyte distribution is a main cause of the curvature of analytical working curves in GFAAS. © 1992 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Impact of radon and thoron levels on technosphere objects in the total urban environment

Thoron and radon exhalation from earth's crust is the most important source of atmospheric radioactive gases, along with its daughter products present in the soil is one of the major contributors to the external gamma dose in the atmosphere, since its distribution in the earth's crust is important for controlling the production of 220Rn and 222Rn. In this study trace amount of 232Th, 238U permeate almost all soils and rocks, in part due to the influence of buildings from which radioactive gas can emanate over geological time scales. Results obtained from this study indicate that the region has background radioactivity levels within the natural limits and a detailed discussion of the results is presented in the work

The Effect of Personal Health on the Formation of Human Capital: a Metasystem Approach

In article the problem of influence of the personality's health on formation of the human capital is considered. Authors have conducted theoretical researches of the existing knowledge of the human capital and justifications of influence of the personality's health on its formation are given. On the basis of the carried-out analysis it is established that now the personality's health is a significant factor of efficiency of any kind of activity and important quality of the personality, therefore, it can be considered as a factor of formation of the human capital. According to it need of determination of criteria, the indicators of health of the personality influencing formation and development of the human capital was designated

Use of galvanostatic coulometry in the analysis of arbidol drug

Arbidol is proved to easily and completely react with electrogenerated bromine in the ratio 2: 9; so procedures for the arbidol quantification in the neat substance and drugs are developed, the RSD value does not exceed 2%. A procedure for the coulometric determination of water in the arbidol substance using the Fisher method is proposed. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd