Consolidation of water management and efficiency parameters for development of green building rating system

Water generation and distribution involve activities that leads to energy consumptions in various ways. This leads to GHG emission which make it important for various sustainable development assessment. Hence it is important to develop some consolidated parameters to cover water in building life cycle assessment (LCA). Development of rating system involves the utilisation of some parameters and points allocation. These parameters and points allocation varies between countries and their rating systems. This study aim at reviewing water management and efficiency category and the extent of parameters and points allocation across some rating systems. The purpose of the review is to develop a consolidated parameters that will universally cover building life cycle assessment. Eleven rating scheme’s categories, parameters and points allocation were reviewed. Specifically, water generation, distribution and usage was further elaborated for this study. The parameters were reviewed from the context of their, adaptability, preference, prevalence, relevance and measurability of parameter to suit the universal concept of sustainable building assessment. The review shows that the variations of the parameters and points distribution are based on social, economic and environmental need of the country. The highest parameters and points allocation signifies the need of efficient water generation, distribution and usage and lack of enough fresh water for daily activities. The lowest consideration is due to advancement in sustainable water generation, distribution and usage. The study consolidated the parameters in to nine parameters covering the strategies for reducing unnecessary water usage and other sourcing consequences. They also cover the approximate accounting of GHG emission from water consumption and its reduction. The study can be used by researcher, organisations and countries developing rating schemes. As the study harmonised parameters covered the entire sustainable building and greenhouse gas assessment in term of water generation, distribution and usage

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE PLANNING PROCESS OF CITIES FOR THE RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CRISIS, URBANISATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

In addition to the environmental problems caused by urbanisation, drought, irregularity in precipitation regime, floods, landslides, storms and fires are experienced in the world due to global warming and climate change. This situation is also valid for our country. These events negatively affect the lives of all living things. Necessary arrangements are being made by the relevant authorities for the solution of the problems caused by urbanisation and global climate crisis, and central and local administrations assume duties in accordance with the updated legislation.  This process brings new approaches and administrative structures to the agenda for the planning of settlements, especially cities, in order to utilise natural resources effectively and efficiently. In the urban planning process, it is thought that there is a need for a comprehensive, visionary approach with physical, social, economic and cultural content regarding the use of natural resources in the context of urbanisation and environmental problems. In this article, the processes of re-planning urban areas are examined by reviewing the literature on global warming, climate change and environmental problems caused by urbanisation. In order to solve these problems, it is thought that a new administrative structure is needed in order to formulate urbanisation policies and in the process of planning and construction of cities. With this study, it is aimed to evaluate the issue within the framework of an approach based on the protection of water, air and soil components, which are the basic input of planning in the urbanisation process and are of vital importance, and to propose solutions for urbanisation and environmental problems

Formulation of pH-responsive highly swellable hydrogel scaffolds for controlled release of tramadol HCl: characterization and biocompatibility evaluation

Introduction: The objective of current project was to formulate a system for controlled delivery of Tramadol HCl (TRD), an opioid analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Methods: For this purpose, a pH responsive AvT-co-poly hydrogel network was formulated through free radical polymerization by incorporating natural polymers i.e., aloe vera gel and tamarind gum, monomer and crosslinker. Formulated hydrogels were loaded with Tramadol HCl (TRD) and evaluated for percent drug loading, sol-gel fraction, dynamic and equilibrium swelling, morphological characteristics, structural features and in-vitro release of Tramadol HCl. Results and Discussions: Hydrogels were proved to be pH sensitive as remarkable dynamic swelling response ranging within 2.94g/g-10.81g/g was noticed at pH 7.4 as compared to pH 1.2. Percent drug loading was in the range of 70.28%-90.64% for all formulations. Thermal stability and compatibility of hydrogel components were validated by DSC analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Controlled release pattern of Tramadol HCl from the polymeric network was confirmed as maximum release of 92.22% was observed for over a period of 24 hours at pH 7.4. Moreover, oral toxicity studies were also conducted in rabbits to investigate the safety of hydrogels. No evidence of any toxicity, lesions and degeneration was reported, confirming the biocompatibility and safety of grafted systemProject (2216/2023-2024), Scholars Visiting Program (University of Granada)Researchers Supporting Project (number RSP 2023R35), King Saud Universit

Effects of LoD and PoD in combined-hole film cooling

Film cooling technique was used to provide thermal protection for turbine components from the hot combustion gases. Combined-hole film cooling system was introduced as a way to improve the film cooling performances. In the present work, a batch of simulations using combined-hole unit involving two round hole of film cooling with opposite compound-angle were carried out. The aim is to determine the arrangement of combined-hole which will produces highest film cooling effectiveness. The influence of geometrical and flow parameters; distance between two holes in mainstream direction, LoD, distance between two holes in lateral direction, PoD and blowing ratio, M were considered in the present study. The present study had been carried out using steady state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) analysis of ANSYS CFX, at Reynolds number, Re = 4200 and blowing ratios, M = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. Nine different computational models with combination of three different values of PoD and LoD have been considered. The results shows that as the PoD and M increase, the lateral coverage of film cooling also increases, while increase on LoD shows minimal impact on the spread of the coolant downstream of the cooling hole. However, the increase of PoD and M also resulting drastic decrease of film cooling effectiveness downstream of the cooling hole as a result of the lift-off phenomena. Weak interaction between the two jets along the mainstream direction cause separation and lift-off of the coolant at further downstream. In addition to laterally average film cooling effectiveness, the results of area average film cooling effectiveness were also presented to determine the optimal arrangement of combined-hole. Overall, the combined hole film cooling provide better thermal protection in comparison with the single hole configuration

Intention of Social Entrepreneurship in Muslim Communities in Cirebon

The purpose of this study is to examine students' entrepreneurial intentions within the Muslim community and analyze gender differences. The overarching theory utilized is the Theory of Planned Behavior. The study involves 270 Islamic boarding school students in Cirebon. The questionnaire comprised four sections aimed at gathering information about behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control over behavior, and entrepreneurial intentions. Responses were recorded on a five-point numeric scale. The findings revealed that attitudes toward behavior and subjective norms were the primary predictors of entrepreneurial intentions, whereas perceived behavioral control was not significant. Additionally, the study found no notable difference in social entrepreneurship intentions between male and female students. The limitations of this study are attributed to the sample size and specific focus on Islamic boarding school students in Cirebon. Further research is recommended to predict social entrepreneurial intentions among a larger cohort of Islamic boarding school students by incorporating practical business activities. This study underscores the importance of integrating entrepreneurship education into the curriculum of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia

Numerical investigation on pitch distance, compound angle and turbulence intensity of double cylindrical film cooling hole geometry

Film cooling has been extensively used to provide thermal protection for the external surface of the gas turbine blades. Researchers have introduced numerous number of film cooling hole designs and arrangements with aim to reduce the lift-off effect cause by the counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP) produced in the cylindrical cooling hole configuration. Such efforts include the introduction of coupling film cooling designs. The present study focuses on the coupling holes which will later known in this writing as Double Cylindrical Hole (DCH). Two geometrical parameters have been considered; length between holes, PoD and compound angle

Trajectory Tracking Control of a Four Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Continuous Sliding Mode Controller

In this paper, a nonlinear Continuous Sliding Mode control (CSMC) application is presented for trajectory tracking control of a four rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) called the Quadrotor, also known as micro helicopter. The proposed controller is tested with different time-varying reference routes to provide a stable flight for position control. To show the effectiveness of the designed CSMC, well-tuned PI controller is also applied to quadrotor for the same routes. The current position of the quadrotor is taken from accelerometer, gyroscope and ultrasonic sensors. The experimental results show that the CSMC is adequate to dealing with parameter uncertainties occur in the system dynamics while flying and has satisfactory performance in terms of robustness against to disturbances and error elimination when it compared with PI controller

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND ORGANISATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR

Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is important in the organisational behavioural research. OCB contributes significantly to the success of an organisation through proactive behaviour in extra-role activity and active involvement in organisation operation to ensure efficiency and productivity in service delivery. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between work-family conflict as the antecedent of OCB and the role of self-efficacy as the mediating variable. Data were collected from 510 public administrators at Public Service Department, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Data analyses were conducted using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the research model hypotheses related to the relationship between work-family conflict, self-efficacy and OCB. The findings confirmed that there is a significant negative relationship between work-family conflict and self-efficacy and there is no relationship between work-family conflict and OCB. Self-efficacy is proven to be a fully mediation variable in the relationship between work-family conflict and OCB. The results suggest that organisations should be aware of individual characteristics and work-family domain to foster participation and engagement in OCB. The findings of this study contribute to the literature especially on OCB and open new avenues for future research by providing new perspective on factors that influence individual behaviour and also the role of personal efficacy on those relationship. Keywords: Mediation analysis, Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB), self-efficacy, SmartPLS, work-family conflict. Cite as: Abdullah, M. R., Marican, S., & Mohd Kamil, N. L. (2019). The mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between work-family conflict and organisational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(1), 246-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss1pp246-27

Coffee Farmers in Gayo Highlands: Comparison of Cultivation Practice between Farmers of Local Gayonese and Javanese Transmigrants

This study aims to describe the comparison of cultural values among coffee farmers with different ethnic backgrounds in Aceh Tengah and Bener Meriah District. The cultural values of coffee farmers who are transmigrants from Java showed different variations compared to those applied by the local Gayonese coffee farmers. Furhermore, this article explains the understanding and practice of cultural values and their implications in the system of coffee cultivation applied by transmigrant farmers from Java and those from local communities. Data was collected by applying ethnographic method through Live In, participatory observation, and indepth interview. The results showed that there were different patterns of cultivation applied by farmers with gayo ethnic and Javanese migrants living in Gayo. The differences lie on the pattern of cultivation and planting, as well as on the symbolization of the coffee tree itself. The most outstanding difference is that local Gayonese coffee farmers apply local wisdom in the practice coffee cultivation and use the four elements of life symbols such as land, water, air and wind when seeing coffee as a source of livelihood in their lives

Far infrared transmission spectroscopy of binary semiconductors

The far infrared optical properties of a selection of binary semiconductors have been studied by the technique of dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy. A commercial modular Michelson interferometer has been rebuilt in a single pass dispersive mode for this work. The performance of the instrument has been substantially improved by mounting the moving mirror on a pneumatically controlled precision linear slide to provide a smooth travel. The interferogram was sampled internally by monitoring the interference fringes derived from a secondary He-Ne laser channel. Precision alignment maximises the throughput signal enabling a relatively small specimen to be studied. Direct measurements of the amplitude and phase transmission spectra of GaP, GaAs, InSb, InAs and ZnSe have been performed at room temperature and 100K for the first time. The single-pass configuration has enabled new optical constant data to be obtained accurately on either side of the reststrahlen band. In most cases, these are the first reported results at the two temperatures. In each case the absorption coefficient and the complex dielectric response functions have also been calculated. Prominent features in the spectra are assigned as phonon-combination bands with the aid of critical point phonon frequencies derived from a lattice dynamical model. The magnitude of the imaginary part of the anharmonic self-energy function of the zone-centre transverse optical phonon required to account fully for the observed absorption has been estimated. The results give a clear indication of the range of validity of the anharmonic mechanism and the onset of lattice absorption due to non linear terms in the dipole moment expansion. <p