Unused medication waste: respondent’s opinion from current study in Malaysia.

There are a lot of effort have been employed to find out the major factor which increase the volume of medication waste. However, several survey reports were highlighted the key factors of medication waste like lack of knowledge on the serious impact of unused medication waste, neglected the proper disposal technique, not following the drug take bag system, pharmacy or dispensaries were not providing proper guideline or any materials to return unused medicines to the pharmacy, not enough campaign or community activities on medication waste, educational institute were not taking any responsibility like institution base extra seminar or lecturer on dangerous environmental impact and serious public health problem due to unused medications. However, this report will be encouraged to the government policy maker, social and welfare department and health facilities department to take an emergency necessary steps to reduce or resolved this problem

To determine and examine the prospect and feasibility study of anti-cancer drugs for local production in Bangladesh

The objective of this study was to find the feasibility of producing demandable Anti-Cancer drugs in Bangladesh. Anti-Cancer Drugs has been a common import item in Bangladesh for the previous years. This takes a lot of foreign currency to import the necessary item from the outside world and produce a negative impact on the national economy of Bangladesh. Thus we can decide to produce Anti-Cancer Drugs which is in great demand in our country. And for this, this project is concerned for producing ‘Anti-Cancer Drugs’. ‘Anti-Cancer Drugs’ has a good demand in the market and nearly 95% to 98% pharmaceutical companies are used to import this product from the foreign countries (according to anti-cancer Market). This project will use its full capacity to meet the demand in the market. The project will also offer reasonable price to the customers to capture the whole market maintaining the international quality of the product, so that the customers need not to compromise with the product quality. All the required machinery of this project will be imported from foreign countries ones which will cost nearly TK. 218020000/-(2,800,342.69 USD). All the machineries that will be used are easy to operate and the spare parts of the machineries can be obtained very easily from the suppliers and some are available in local market also. Production process of this product will involve automatic technology and the proposed project will start in its own plant. Required raw materials for the proposed product will be acquired from foreign sources at a reasonable price. To make the project a successful one all the employees should be committed. There will be a project coordinator who will control and monitor the entire project and with him there will also be a supervisor to take care of the operations of the project. The proposed project will generate revenue of TK. 2057305378/- (26,425,030.15 USD) in the first year and after the first year it will give an Earning before Tax (EBT) of TK. 1674558258/-(21,508,858.86 USD). The project seems feasible to go to production of the proposed anti-cancer products and prospect will be bright

Chronic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Case Report

In health there is a balance between the coagulation and anti-coagulation systems, but in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) the coagulation mechanism is activated inappropriately and in a diffuse way. This may lead to thrombosis, but more often haemorrhage occurs when the clotting factors are exhausted. DIC may present as acute, subacute, and rarely chronic form. Here we present a case of chronic DIC following pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) as a consequence of repeated menstruation regulation (MR). We treated her with fresh frozen plasma, fresh blood, doxycycline with significant clinical improvement.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v1i1.3696 BSMMU J 2008; 1(1): 33-3

Combining ability of pod yield and related traits of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under salinity stress

A study was performed using 6 × 6 F1 diallel population without reciprocals to assess the mode of inheritance of pod yield and related traits in groundnut with imposed salinity stress. Heterosis was found for pod number and yield. Data on general and specific combining ability (gca and sca) indicated additive and nonadditive gene actions. The gca: sca ratios were much less than unity suggesting predominant role of nonadditive gene effects. Cultivars "Binachinabadam-2" and "Dacca-1" and mutant M 6/25/64-82 had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod number, as well as gca values, respectively. These two cultivars and another mutant M6/15/70-19 also had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod yield, as well as gca values, respectively. Therefore, "Dacca-1", "Binachinabadam-2", M6/25/64-82, and M6/15/70-19 could be used as source of salinity tolerance. Cross combinations showing high sca effects arising from parents with high and low gca values for any trait indicate the influence of nonadditive genes on their expression. Parents of these crosses can be used for biparental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection for developing high yielding varieties. Crosses with high sca effects having both parents with good gca effects could be exploited by pedigree breeding to get transgressive segregants

Impact of Brand Image and Brand Loyalty in Measuring Brand Equity of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.

This paper aims at investigating the interrelation between brand image and brand loyalty in case of measuring brand equity of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. Brand Image (BI) and Brand Loyalty (BL) have been considered as the most attributing features of Brand Equity. Handful of researches have resulted these two as primary factor (Latent Variable) of Brand Equity. With this association, this study is designed at conducting research for explaining intermediating role of BI and BL over Brand equity of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) using Structured Equation Modeling (SEM). Specifically, to analyze the impact of observed variables over un-observed variable e.g. BI and BL we have used Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Only primary data was used for the study which was collected through structured questionnaire from a total number of 399 customers’ located in 43 branches of IBBL within Dhaka city. Simple Random Selection (SRS) was followed for sampling design. Findings of the study show that a positive correlation exists between BI and BL for IBBL. Moreover, strong influence of Brand Loyalty over Brand Equity was found that of Brand Image in case of IBBL. The model fit of the study strongly signify the result as successful estimate of the model. &nbsp

An overview on phytochemical, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity of basella alba leaves extract

Inflammation is the complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. In the present investigation an attempt was made to screen the anti-inflammatory activity of Basellaalba leaf. From this study, it can be concluded that, Basellaalba possesses a good anti-inflammatory activity. In the cotton pellet induced inflammation and In the carrageenan induced inflammation the animals treated with the plant extract have been shown a significant activity at 500 mg/kg dose (p<0.001) which was comparable with the standard drug. In view of the percentage inhibition also the plant was studied, in which the plant extract was found effective. The antibacterial activity was carried out using different dilutions of methanolic extract against gram positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilus) and gram negative ones (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the cup-plate assay method and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The different concentrations of extract showed moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtiliswhile weak response against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Escherichiacoli. The minimum inhibitory concentration of methanolic extract was 6.25μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillussubtilus and 12.5 μg/ml against Escherichia coli. The overall result of this study indicates that the methanolic extract of Basellaalba have interesting anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties

Collaborative disaster management system - An exploratory for landslide in Malaysia

A disaster management system has active, unpredictable, and complex characteristics due to dynamic conditions with a high level of uncertainty. Non-Government Organizations (NGO)and Government organizations from different jurisdictions and sectors with different responsibilities at regular times create an emergent and complex system in response to disasters. Although being mostly demanded, the collaboration initiatives between government agencies that specifically designed to address risk management before a disaster happens is lacking in effectiveness. In the Malaysian perspective, there are organizations, such as the Public Works Department (PWD), Department of Mineral and Geosciences (DMG) and Centre of Remote Sensing (MACRES)that are involved in mitigation and preparedness of landslides disasters, but results are not encouraging due to the need of effective collaboration among these organizations. It is natural for humans to collaborate while dealing with complex problems. In this regard, we consider this process of effective collaboration in the context of information systems. Investment in the information technologies and systems, and its utilization can play a critical role in creating a complex socio-technical disaster system to coordinate organizations and jurisdictions in dynamic settings. We propose a simple model for collaboration that helps us to realize a successful risk management in disasters. A model of Collaborative Disaster Management System is then rendered based on an extended model of management of information system

Combining Ability of Pod Yield and Related Traits of Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea

A study was performed using 6×6 F1 diallel population without reciprocals to assess the mode of inheritance of pod yield and related traits in groundnut with imposed salinity stress. Heterosis was found for pod number and yield. Data on general and specific combining ability (gca and sca) indicated additive and nonadditive gene actions. The gca: sca ratios were much less than unity suggesting predominant role of nonadditive gene effects. Cultivars “Binachinabadam-2” and “Dacca-1” and mutant M6/25/64-82 had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod number, as well as gca values, respectively. These two cultivars and another mutant M6/15/70-19 also had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod yield, as well as gca values, respectively. Therefore, “Dacca-1”, “Binachinabadam-2”, M6/25/64-82, and M6/15/70-19 could be used as source of salinity tolerance. Cross combinations showing high sca effects arising from parents with high and low gca values for any trait indicate the influence of nonadditive genes on their expression. Parents of these crosses can be used for biparental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection for developing high yielding varieties. Crosses with high sca effects having both parents with good gca effects could be exploited by pedigree breeding to get transgressive segregants

Disseminated Histoplasmosis without Pulmonary Involvement in an Immunocompetent Host - A Case Report

Histoplasmosis is a dimorphic fungal infection caused by histoplasma capsulatum. It is the most prevalentendemic mycosis in the United States, but now it is a disease of world wide occurrence. Most infections areasymptomatic or self-limited, some individuals develop acute pulmonary infections or severe and progressivedisseminated infection. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis occurs in about one in 2000 patients with acuteinfection. Besides lung it may affect skin, lymph nodes, GIT, CNS, adrenals, liver and spleen. The patient ofdisseminated histoplasmosis usually presents with fever, anorexia, weight loss, myalgia and manifestationsaccording to organ involved. Here we described a 45 year-male who presented to us with fever, weight loss,generalized lymphadenopathy, growths in the oral cavity and chylous ascites. The particular interest of this paperis to present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host without pulmonary involvement,and to demonstrate the differences between this entity and other similarly presented diseases like disseminatedtuberculosis, lymphoma and metastatic malignancy.Key words: histoplasmosis; disseminated histoplasmosis; histoplasma capsulatum; immunocompetent host; Bangladesh.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i1.5515BSMMU J 2010; 3(1): 44-4

Awareness of vesicovaginal fistula among health workers in some health facilities of Zamfara state, Northwest Nigeria

The prevalence of obstetric fistula in Nigeria was found by 2008 National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) to be 0.4%, suggesting there are approximately 150,000 women of reproductive age currently living with, or who have previously had, obstetric fistula. Fistula prevalence is higher in Northern than in Southern Nigerian zones. For instance, the prevalence of fistula in North Central Nigeria is 0.8%, followed by 0.5% in the North East and 0.3% in North West Nigeria. This study aimed at understanding the knowledge and level of understanding of Health workers in some selected hospitals and clinics in Zamfara State, North West Nigeria. The study was both a descriptive cross sectional and qualitative study of health personnel working in some health facilities in Zamfara State to gain an insight of their understanding and practice about vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) which is a common obstetric and maternal health complication among women in Nigeria during or after delivery. 68.3% of the respondents were females while 31.7% were males. There is no specialist consultant or fistula surgeon among the health personnel interviewed as only 11.7% of them were medical doctors while the remaining are nurses, midwives or community health extension workers. On their knowledge of fistula, 97.6% of them have heard of VVF, and 87% of them were of the opinion that early marriage causes complications during delivery or giving birth. Also 88% of them were aware of VVF as one of the problems associated with early girl-child marriage while only 61% of them knew that obstructed or delayed labour causes VVF. It is important to train and equip the lower cadre health and clinic personnel on VVF and how to prevent it as the management of VVF requires a specialized knowledge and expertise