Education and training requirements for a practicing civil engineer to qualify for registration in Australasia and the United Kingdom

Paper ID: no. 8227The making a qualified and competent engineer requires education, practical training, and a professional assessment. Obtaining a professional registration is an indication of competence and willingness to shoulder the legal and social responsibilities required to be an engineer. It also gives the general public the sense of confidence for engineering works designed and constructed by engineers. The requirements and procedure of registration can be stipulated in law, and/or controlled by professional institutions. Different jurisdictions have thus imposed different requirements to suit their conditions. While engineering education programs in most jurisdictions do not differ too much from each other, the requirements for post-graduation training among jurisdictions may vary significantly. The professional …postprin

Asset management of drainage facilities using advanced technologies

Parallel Session - Theme A4: Asset Management: A4-2The Drainage Services Department, in collaboration of the Water Supplies Department, of the Hong Kong SAR Government has to invest and maintain an extremely large public urban water infrastructural asset to provide world-class water supply, wastewater, and stormwater services to enable the sustainable development of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). A brief outline of the concepts of asset management is given in this paper. Effective management of urban water assets needs extensive planning, design and construction, and operation and maintenance. Accurate real-time data collection, transmission, and management in different inter-related functions of asset management become extremely important for the effective and efficient functioning of asset management. Some of these advanced technologies that have been and may be adopted in the Hong Kong SAR are presented in this paper.postprin

Kinematic Analysis of Four Plyometric Push-Up Variations

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 334-343, 2012. Plyometric research in the upper extremity is limited, with the effects of open-chain plyometric exercises being studied most. Kinematic and ground reaction force data concerning closed-chain upper extremity plyometrics has yet to be examined. Twenty-one recreationally active male subjects performed four variations of plyometric push-ups in a counterbalanced order. These included box drop push-ups from 3.8 cm, 7.6 cm, 11.4 cm heights, and clap push-ups. Kinematics of the trunk, dominant extremity and both hands were collected to examine peak flight, elbow flexion at ground contact, elbow displacement, and hand separation. Additionally peak vertical ground reaction force was measured under the dominant extremity. The 11.4 cm and clap push-ups had significantly higher peak flight than the other variations (P\u3c.001). At ground contact, the elbow was in significantly greater flexion for the 3.8 cm and clap push-up compared to the other variations (P\u3c.001). The clap push-up had significantly more elbow displacement than the other variations (P\u3c.001) while hand separation was not significantly different between variations (P=.129). Peak vertical ground reaction force was significantly greater for the clap push-ups than for all other variations (P\u3c .001). Despite similar flight heights between the 11.4 cm and clap push-ups, the greater peak vertical ground reaction force and elbow displacement of the clap push-ups indicates the clap push-up is the most intense of the variations examined. Understanding the kinematic variables involved will aid in the creation of a closed chain upper-extremity plyometric progression

Secondary School Athletic Trainers’ Perceived Confidence In Providing Independent Medical Care Within Differing Healthcare Delivery Models

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate athletic trainers’ confidence and ability to deliver independent medical care in the secondary school setting. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used with open- and closed-ended questions using a tool that was modified from a previously validated tool used within the collegiate setting; the tool was adapted through content expert validation. Results: Athletic trainers perceived themselves as confident in providing independent medical care through the school district healthcare delivery model (n=109/121, 90%) more often than those functioning within the hospital/clinic outreach model (n=85/130, 65%). Conclusions: Despite not having nationalized legislation and having variable support structures in place, secondary school athletic trainers are confident in providing independent medical care even when their direct supervisor may not be a healthcare provider. This is contradictory to similar findings within the collegiate setting governed by National Collegiate Athletics Association legislation enforcing independent medical care

The Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Function as Measured by ImPact Protocol: Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic

Background: Exercise has long played a critical role in the recovery from athletic injuries. Of recent, concussion research has escalated creating new insights into the treatment of and rehabilitation from concussion syndromes. As part of the concussion research, multiple uses of the ImPACT tool have evolved to measure cognitive function. However, combining the variables of cognitive improvement as measured by the ImPACT protocol with aerobic and anaerobic exercise has not been investigated. Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the influence of acute bouts of aerobic versus resistance exercise on cognitive function of college-aged participants as measured by the ImPACT Protocol. Study Design: Pre-Test – Post Test Experimental Design. Methods: We compared composite scores on two sessions of ImPACT testing (dependent variables) immediately before, immediately after, and 45 minutes after interventions consisting of a randomly assigned aerobic exercise session, resistance exercise session, or seated rest control (independent variables). Twenty college aged participants (11 females, age= 20.1±0.9; 9 males, age= 20.2± 1.6 yrs) completed the study. Results: The aerobic group’s average (p = 0.07) weight (166±16.8) demonstrated the trend of being higher (p=0.07) than the control (153.9 ±19.0) or resistance group (130±16.1). There was no significant difference (p=0.18) in average height or age between the study groups. Findings indicate a significant change in measures of reaction time (p=0.008), impulse control (p=0.008), and visual motor speed (p = 0.03) across all three groups of participants. No significant change was seen in measures of visual (p=0.08) or verbal memory (p=0.198). Discussion: The results cannot be seen as suggesting that exercise has no effect on cognitive function. Conclusion and Clinical Implications: These findings may suggest a learning effect previously unaccounted for in the ImPACT testing protocol. Keywords: Aerobic, Anaerobic, Cognitive Testing, Exercis

Contention-Free Complete Exchange Algorithms on Clusters

To construct a large commodity clustec a hierarchical network is generally adopted for connecting the host muchines, where a Gigabit backbone switch connects a few commodity switches with uplinks to achieve scaled bisectional bandwidth. This type of interconnection usually results in link contention and has congestion developed at the uplink ports. Moreover, the non-detenninistic delays on scheduling communication events in clusters accelerate the building up of congestion amongst these uplink ports, which lead to severe packets drop and hinder the overall performance. In this paper, we focus on the practical design of high-speed complete exchange algorithm on a commodity cluster interconnected by a hierarchical Ethemet-based network. By exploiting some architectural characteristics of the interconnection in optimizing the performunce of a complete exchange algorithm, we introduce a congestion control mechanism - global windowing that monitors and regulates the trafic load, together with a permutation scheme - reorder scheme that effectively alleviates the congestion problem. We evaluate our algorithm and compare its performance with other algorithms in a PC cluster connected by various types of switches, including Gigabit Ethernet, input-buffered and shared-memory Fast Ethernet switches.published_or_final_versio

Opioid and Non-Opioid Prescribing Rates for Ankle Fractures in Emergency Departments Across the United States Between 2006 and 2015

Context: An ankle fracture is a common injury observed in the Emergency Department (ED) and is often treated conservatively or surgically, depending on whether the fracture is stable. Opioids provide value for the management of acute musculoskeletal pain. However, prolong opioid use is associated with well-known consequences in the United States such as dependence, abuse and/or misuse. Considering these concerns and the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of acute pain, it is critical to identify the prescribing patterns for patients diagnosed with an ankle fracture in the ED. Objective: Describe the percentage of patients prescribed a scheduled and non-controlled medication in the ED. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the publicly available data collected through the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006-2015. Data analyzed using the sampled visit weight, yielding an unbiased national estimate of ED percentages. Due to the complex sample design, sampling errors were determined using SAS software. Results: From 2006-2015, 86.9% of patients presenting with an ankle fracture received medication during their ED visit. Among those prescribed a medication, 63.02% were prescribed a controlled substance and 34.29% were prescribed a non-controlled substance. The majority of the controlled substances were given to patients between the ages of 25-64. Conclusion: Approximately 2 out of 3 patients diagnosed with an ankle fracture in the ED received a controlled substance. The majority of these given to young-adults. Other effective non-pharmacological interventions should be explored to prevent the risk of the well-known consequences associated with opioid use. Word Count: 25

How to be an Effective Athletic Training Preceptor: A Literature Review

Background: The purpose of this literature review is to identify successful characteristics that have been found to be associated with effective precepting for the athletic training profession. Athletic training programs use preceptors as their main source of hands-on experience for athletic training students. Thus, a clinical preceptor who possesses these characteristics are better positioned to impact the success of a student’s clinical experience and overall growth. Purpose: To identify successful characteristics for athletic training preceptors. Methods: The findings of the literature review were achieved by the selection of articles that specifically pertained to athletic training and to other health care professions alike that investigated the most effective characteristics associated with clinical precepting. Conclusion/ Recommendations: Athletic trainers currently serving as a preceptor should have a set standard on how to educate a student under their professional guidance. Not only is this a common theme discussed in many articles specific to the athletic training profession, but the strategies and characteristics of precepting are equally as important to other health care professions as well

Numerical simulation of pressure-controlled cavity expansion process in clay at constant volumetric expansion rate

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In Season Heart Rate and Session Rate of Perceived Exertion in Collegiate Softball Athletes

Introduction Monitoring of workload is vital to minimize risk of overuse musculoskeletal injuries in athletes while optimizing performance Heart rate (HR) and session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) have been shown to be reliable measures of training intensity in steady state and interval exercise Relationship between training load and injury in running-based team sports has been established Limited studies have investigated internal load in throwing-dominant athletes despite rigorous competition seasonhttps://jdc.jefferson.edu/esposters/1000/thumbnail.jp