Mesures de l’efficacité des entreprises artisanales de pêche

In this paper, efficiency of artisanal fishing firms is measured using a method elaborated by Yotopoulos and Lau (AER, March 1973). It shows that this method could be used by fishery managers to find new criteria when it comes to decide which fishermen should be granted a license, when entry into the fisheries ought to be limited. The main results may however appear surprising in that they reveal that as a whole fishermen are price efficient, although those more open to new technology have a more business like behavior and tend to be more efficient than the others. Finally those with a larger experience of the labor market outside fisheries reveal a behavior consistant with a perception of the opportunity cost of their labor higher than that shown by those with little experience outside of fisheries

Feasibility and efficacy of early lung cancer diagnosis with chest computed tomography in HIV-infected smokers

International audienceOBJECTIVE: Lung cancer screening with chest computed tomography (CT) is beneficial in smokers aged 55 to 74 years. We studied the risks, benefits and feasibility of early lung cancer diagnosis with CT in HIV-infected smokers. DESIGN AND SETTING: French, multicentre, single round chest CT study in France, realized between February 2011 and June 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were HIV-infected smokers at least 40 years, at least 20 pack-years, with a CD4 T-lymphocyte nadir count below 350 cells/μl. INTERVENTION: Single chest CT with a proposed standardized workup algorithm of positive images. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The outcome was the number of histologically proven lung cancers diagnosed by CT with a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Median age of the 442 included patients was 49.8 years, 81.6% were under 55 years, 84% were men, median smoking was 30 pack-years, median nadir and last CD4 cell counts were 168 and 574 cells/μl, respectively, and 90% of patients had a plasma HIV RNA below 50 copies/ml. A positive image at baseline was reported in 94 (21%) patients, and 15 (3.4%) patients had 18 invasive procedures with no serious adverse events. Lung cancer was diagnosed in 10 patients (six at early stages), of which nine (2.0%, 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.8) were CT detected, and eight in patients below 55 years. CONCLUSION: Early lung cancer diagnosis with CT in HIV-infected smokers was feasible, safe, and yielded a significant number of cancers. Lung cancer screening of HIV-infected smokers with an important history of immunodeficiency revealed a substantial number of cancers at younger ages than the targeted range in the general populatio

Etude des anomalies du chromosome 1 dans le myélome multiple

BREST-BU Médecine-Odontologie (290192102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Observations on the trapping of Ips typographus L. after windthrow

Résultats d'expériences de piégeage aux phéromones (Phéroprax) de Ips typographus dans des pessières dévastées par la tempête dans la chaîne des Hurtières (Savoie) et en Chartreuse (Isère). Le cycle biologique de l'insecte dans la région considérée a été précisé. Deux générations sont produites au cours de l'été, mais la seconde n'est que très partielle, issue d'une fraction seulement de la première. Les vols et les captures s'étendent de début à mi mai jusqu'à fin septembre-début octobre (à 900-1 000 m d'altitude). Mais dans tous les cas, 90 % environ du total des captures de la saison sont réalisés dès le début d'août. Plusieurs types de pièges ont été comparés, entre eux et avec des arbres-pièges traités à la Deltaméthrine et appâtés aux phéromones. La méthodologie de ces comparaisons est discutée. Le résultat des arbres-pièges apparaît cependant comme très supérieur à celui des pièges artificiels.Results of experiments on the trapping of Ips typographus with pheromones (Pheroprax) in Norway spruce stands laid waste by the storm in the Hurtières range (Savoie) and in Chartreuse (Isère). The biological cycle of the insect in the region concerned has been elucidated. Two generations are produced during the summer, but the second is very incomplete, produced from only a small proportion of the first. Swarming and captures extend from the beginning to mid-May to the end of September/beginning of October (at an altitude of 900-1 000 m). But in all cases about 90 % of all the captures in a season are made from the beginning of August. Many type of trap were compared, with each other and with trap trees treated with deltamethrin and baited with pheromones. The methodology of these comparisons is discussed. The results for the trap trees appear to be considerably better than those for the artificial traps. The progression over three years (1983, 1984 and 1985) in the number of captures indicates that even if the traps are set up immediately after the windthrows, they do not completely prevent the spruce bark beetle from landing on and breeding on them in the first year, hence the need to control them. The reduction in the number of captures after two years testifies to their effectiveness. This effectiveness seems to be confirmed by direct observation of the progression in the number of trees attacked and destroyed in the stands in question. However, it appears that the traps alone cannot completely solve the problem of the control of the spruce bark beetle where there is a risk of an «epidemic» outbreak. They should be complemented by the removal of affected trees before the insects have completed their development, but by greatly reducing the number of these trees they make it possible to carry out these removals as quickly as possible and to limit their cost

Autogreffe de cellules souches péripheriques (impact de la quantité de cellules réinjectées sur l'évolution de la maladie ; étude des facteurs influençant le recueil des cellules et la prise de greffe)

BREST-BU Médecine-Odontologie (290192102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Revue et analyse critique des normes d'aptitude et de non contre-indication à la pratique du vol libre

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Influence of omeprazol on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel associated to aspirin.

International audienc

Influence of coagulation factors and tissue factor concentration on the thrombin generation test in plasma.

International audienceThe thrombin generation test is used to study coagulation in patients with haemorrhagic diseases or with high thrombotic risk. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relative influence of coagulation factors on thrombin generation in plasma. The aim was to investigate the influence of coagulant factors, anticoagulant factors, and tissue factor (TF) on three parameters: endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), peak thrombin concentration, and lag time for the appearance of thrombin. At a low TF concentration, all factors except factor XI influenced thrombin generation. At a high TF concentration, only the factors of the extrinsic pathway exerted an influence. ETP and peak thrombin were linearly correlated to factor II concentration. Factor V and factor VII effects increased hyperbolically with factor concentration. The influence of factor X on thrombin generation depended on TF concentration. In the absence of factor VIII and factor IX, ETP fell to 60-70% of the normal when peak thrombin fell to 25-30% of the normal. Fibrinogen concentration influenced ETP and peak thrombin and decreasing fibrinogen levels shortened the lag time. As expected, decreasing antithrombin concentration caused dramatic increases in thrombin generation. Protein S prolonged the lag time, especially at a low TF concentration. No effect of protein C was observed, likely due to the absence of thrombomodulin. The thrombin generation test was more sensitive to factor deficiencies at low than at high TF concentration. ETP was not the most critical parameter for studying coagulation factor deficiencies. Instead, peak thrombin was the most sensitive parameter

Formal Validation of Asynchronous Interaction-Agents Algorithms for Reaction-Diffusion Problems

International audienceIn the context of biological complex systems multi- agent simulation, we present an interaction-agent model for reaction-diffusion problems that enables interaction with the simulation during the execution, and we establish a mathematical validation for our model. We use two types of interaction-agents: on one hand, in a chemical reactor with no spatial dimension -e.g. a cell-, a reaction-agent rep- resents an autonomous chemical reaction between several reactants, and modifies the concentration of reaction prod- ucts. On the other hand, we use interface-agents in order to take into account the spatial dimension that appears with diffusion : interface-agents achieve the matching transfer of reactants between cells. This approach, where the simula- tion engine makes agents intervene in a chaotic and asyn- chronous way, is an alternative to the classical model - which is not relevant when the limits conditions are fre- quently modified- based on partial derivative equations. We enounciate convergence results for our interaction-agent methods, and illustrate our model with an example about coagulation inside a blood vessel

Prevalence of 20210 A allele of the prothrombin gene in venous thromboembolism patients.

International audienceBACKGROUND: The 20210 A allele variation in the 3' -untranslated region of the prothrombin gene was recently identified as a risk factor as regards deep venous thrombosis. AIM: To assess the frequency of the variation in unselected patients with a proven venous thromboembolism (VTE). METHODS: The presence of the prothrombin variation was determined in all consecutive patients referred from July 1994 to August 1997 for a clinical suspicion of VTE, and in whom the diagnosis was confirmed. A control group consisted of bone marrow volunteer donors. RESULTS: Of the 366 patients included, 17 (4.6%) were carriers of the 20210 A allele (95% CI, 2.4% to 6.7%). The mutation was present in 1.0% of the 400 controls. Odds ratio for having VTE in the presence of the 20210 A allele was 4.8 (95% CI, 1.5 to 19.8). Forty-six (12.5%) patients had the mutation of the factor V gene and five (1.4%) patients shared both mutations. After excluding the carriers of the factor V mutation, odds ratio for having VTE in the presence of the 20210 A allele was 3.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 13.6). Mean age at admission as well as mean age of the first VTE episode were both significantly higher in patients free from the two mutations studied, as compared to carriers of the 20210 A allele (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings in a large series of patients (1) confirm the 20210 A allele prothrombin gene as a risk factor for VTE. (2) suggest that its association with the factor V Leiden is not uncommon