A problem of program maximin with constraints of asymptotic nature

We consider a linear game control problem for maximin with asymptotic constraints, which naturally arise in connection with the realization of "narrow" control pulses. In terms of content, this corresponds to pulsed control modes with full fuel consumption. The emerging game problem corresponds to the use of asymptotic control modes by both players, which is reflected in the expansion concept realized in the class of finitely additive measures. The original content control problem for each of the players is considered as a variant of abstract formulation related to attainability under asymptotic constraints, for which the corresponding generalized attainability problem is constructed and the representation of the attraction set playing the role of an asymptotic analogue of an attainability domain in the classical control theory is established. This concretization is realized for each of the players, on the basis of which a generalized maximin is obtained, for which a variant of the asymptotic realization in the class of ordinary controls is indicated. A "finite-dimensional" description of the attraction set is obtained, which makes it possible to find maximin using numerical methods. The solution of a model example of the problem of game interaction of two material points, including the stage of computer modeling, is considered. © 2018 Udmurt State University. All rights reserved

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ТОЧНОСТИ РАБОТЫ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ ВЕСОИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ ЗА СЧЁТ ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПОГРЕШНОСТЕЙ

Rising of accuracy of automated weighting systems' functioning can be achieved by identifying and exclusion of systematic errors. Methods of reducing of temperature error's impact and design procedure of thermocompensation elements of strain-gauge bridges are considered.Повышение точности работы систем автоматизированного взвешивания, как и любых других средств измерений и технологического оборудования, может достигаться за счёт выявления и исключения систематических погрешностей. Рассмотрены методы снижения влияния температурной погрешности и методики расчета термокомпенсационных элементов тензометрических мостов

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРИРОДНО-ОЧАГОВЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ, ПЕРЕДАВАЕМЫЕ КЛЕЩАМИ, В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis and to identify the epidemiological and clinical features of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis as a mono- and coinfections in St. Petersburg. Materials and methods. 718 cases of TBE, 4353 cases of Lyme borreliosis and 127 combined diseases registered by the St. Petersburg epidemiological bureau in 2006-2017 were studied. Identification of combined diseases was carried out by a special software that allows to identify co-morbid diseases from the array of monoinfections. To identify clinical and epidemiological features, 144 cases of TBE, 286 Lyme borreliosis, and 43 cases of co-infection were studied. Age and sex characteristics, places of human contagion, infection rates of ticks, clinical forms of mono- and associated diseases, morbidity dynamics changes and patients’ IgM seropositivity were studied. Results. The long-term dynamics of TBE and Lyme borreliosis incidence had did not have significant upward or downward trends, it was characterized by synchronous fluctuations. The priority of the incidence of men over women is revealed. 61–69% cases of TBE and Lyme borreliosis occurred in Leningrad region, 19–30% – in the adjacent territories of Russia, 5,7–6,7% of cases were imported from other countries. High tick infection rates of TBE virus and Borrelia was revealed. Borrelia аnd virus of TBE and were detected in 81,6–87,5% of the examined ticks removed from patients with a later established diagnosis. Seasonal distribution of Lyme borreliosis was shifted by a month to the right in comparison with TBE. The clinical forms of both diseases did not differ in their structure from the country data, however after 2012 subclinical forms were more common in women. The proportion of non-erythematous forms of Lyme borreliosis in 2011–2015 compared with the 2006–2010 observation period increased almost 1,5-fold mainly forms, including those with co-infection. The IgM seropositivity rate in the dynamics of the disease testifies to the incomplete rehabilitation of patients. Conclusion. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TBE, Lyme borreliosis and combined infection in the North-West region of Russia, with the example of St. Petersburg, have certain distinctive features. The reasons for the revealed features need further study.Цель: провести сравнительный эпидемиологический анализ и выявить эпидемиологические и клинические особенности клещевого энцефалита и боррелиоза как моно- , так и одновременного сочетания этих инфекций у больных в Санкт-Петербурге. Материалы и методы: ретроспективно изучено 718 случаев клещевого энцефалита, 4353 случая клещевого боррелиоза и 127 сочетанных заболеваний, зарегистрированных в отделе учета и регистрации инфекционных и паразитарных заболеваний Центра гигиены и эпидемиологии Санкт-Петербурга за 2006–2017 гг. Идентификация сочетанных заболеваний происходила с помощью специальной программы, позволяющей выявлять сочетанные заболевания из массива моноинфекций. Для выявления клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей изучено 144 истории болезни клещевым энцефалитом, 286 – клещевым боррелиозом и 43 истории болезни в случаях сочетания этих инфекций. Проанализированы возрастно-половые характеристики, места заражения людей, вирусо- и борелиафорность клещей, клинические формы моно- и сочетанных заболеваний, изменения, происходящие во времени. Коэффициент серопозитивности IgM у больных оценивался в динамике обследования пациентов. Результаты: многолетняя динамика заболеваемости клещевым энцефалитом и клещевым боррелиозом не имела выраженных тенденций к росту или снижению и характеризовалась синхронными колебаниями. Выявлен приоритет заболеваемости мужчин над женщинами. Заражения клещевым энцефалитом и боррелиозами в 61–69% случаев происходили в Ленинградской области, в 19–30% – на сопредельных территориях России, в 5,7–6,7% – в странах ближнего и дальнего зарубежья. Выявлена высокая инфицированность клещей вирусом клещевого энцефалита и боррелиями. Боррелии и вирус клещевого энцефалита выявлены у 81,6 и 87,5% исследованных переносчиков, снятых с больных с позднее установленным диагнозом. Сезонное распределение заболеваний боррелиозом было сдвинуто на месяц вправо по сравнению с клещевым энцефалитом. Клинические формы как клещевого энцефалита, так и боррелиоза по своей структуре не отличались от литературных данных по стране, однако субклинические формы чаще встречались у женщин в период после 2012 г. Доля безэритемных форм боррелиоза в 2011–2015 гг. по сравнению с 2006–2010 гг. наблюдения увеличилась почти в 1,5 раза, в том числе и при сочетанной инфекции. Коэффициент серопозитивности IgM в динамике болезни свидетельствует о неполном выздоровлении больных. Заключение: клинико-эпидемиологическая картина клещевого энцефалита, клещевого боррелиоза и сочетания этих инфекций в Северо-Западном регионе России на примере Санкт-Петербурга имеет определенные отличительные особенности. Причины выявленных особенностей нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении

Role of Ecosystem of Reservoir Basin of the Dnieper River for Ensuring Life Standards and Population's Health in Ukraine.

In this article the reasons of the environment quality deterioration, inclu­ding its component - water are considered, as well as methods to resolve this problem are offered. High quality of life provides for high economic and social standards, including public health. The share of environmental quality impact on morbidity rate reaches 25%, while the role of water is extremely important. At present medicine does not yet have data on the interactions between different types of diseases and water chemical composition. We need to know the impact of each indicator of water quality on health and human lifespan. In Ukraine about 25 million of population, as well as industrial and agricultural enterprises meet their needs of the water at the expense of the Dnieper river basin. As a result of construction of six extra-large reservoirs they overregulated flow of the river, which led to serious contamination of the water and catastrophic consequences for the ecosystem. Proportion of shallow water constantly increases due to siltation of reservoirs. One of the major challenges is to provide population with qualitative natural water resources. Nature prompts effective solutions. For example, water passes through the natural barriers and is purified from biofouling. A widespread prohibition on discharging untreated water into reservoirs and total transition to water recycling technologies may significantly reduce chemical contamination

BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PATHOGENS IN IXODES SP. TICKS IN ST. PETERSBURG AND LENINGRAD DISTRICT

Tick-borne infections are the most common group of zooanthroponotic diseases in the Northern Hemisphere. For the  Baltic Sea region and Fennoscandia, the dominant infectious pathologies transmitted by ticks are tick-borne borreliosis and tick- borne encephalitis. The presence of vast forested areas, actively  visited by people in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region,  contributes to a rather high level of encroachment on the flares and  intelligence of the borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis among the  population of these regions. The relatively dangerous pathogens that can be transmitted with the tick bite are also of particular danger:  Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia sp. In this  work, detection was performed using molecular genetic methods of  TBE virus, B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Rickettsia sp. in engorged  ticksple, as well as questing ticks collected from vegetation. The established levels of infection of TBE on infected ticks, levels of infection by pathogenic Borrelia of questing and engorgeded ticks  were approximately equal. Rickettsia was not found in the ticks. The  conducted analysis of the pathogens prevalence in comparison with  the data of russian and foreign authors. Monitoring the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens is an important issue in the prevention of tick- borne infections in the North-Western Russia

TOLERANCE INCREASE OF AUTOMATIC WEIGHT MEASURING SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF SYSTEMATIC ERROR ELIMINATION

Rising of accuracy of automated weighting systems' functioning can be achieved by identifying and exclusion of systematic errors. Methods of reducing of temperature error's impact and design procedure of thermocompensation elements of strain-gauge bridges are considered

Fumarolic Activity of Avachinsky and Koryaksky Volcanoes, Kamchatka, from 1993 to 1994

Volcanic gas and condensate samples were collected in 1993–1994 from fumaroles of Koryaksky and Avachinsky, basaltic andesite volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula near Petropavlovsk–Kamchatsky. The highest-temperature fumarolic discharges, 220  °C at Koryaksky and 473  °C at Avachinsky, are water-rich (940–985 mmol/mol of H2O) and have chemical and isotopic characteristics typical of Kamchatka–Kurile, high- and medium-temperature volcanic gases. The temperature and chemical and water isotopic compositions of the Koryaksky gases have not changed during the past 11 years. They represent an approximate 2 : 1 mixture of magmatic and meteoric end members. Low-temperature, near-boiling-point discharges of Avachinsky Volcano are water poor (≈880 mmol/mol); Their compositions have not changed since the 1991 eruption, and are suggested to be derived from partially condensed magmatic gases at shallow depth. Based on a simple model involving mixing and single-step steam separation, low water and high CO2 contents, as well as the observed Cl concentration and water isotopic composition in low-temperature discharges, are the result of near-surface boiling of a brine composed of the almost pure condensed magmatic gas. High methane content in low-temperature Avachinsky gases and the 220  °C Koryaksky fumarole, low C isotopic ratio in CO2 at Koryaksky (–11.8‰), and water isotope data suggest that the meteoric end member contains considerable amounts of the regional methane-rich thermal water discovered in the vicinity of both volcanoes