36,991 research outputs found
Edge States and Broken Symmetry Phases of Laterally Confined He Films
Broken symmetries in topological condensed matter systems have implications
for the spectrum of Fermionic excitations confined on surfaces or topological
defects. The Fermionic spectrum of confined (quasi-2D) He-A consists of
branches of chiral edge states. The negative energy states are related to the
ground-state angular momentum, , for Cooper pairs. The
power law suppression of the angular momentum, for , in the fully gapped 2D
chiral A-phase reflects the thermal excitation of the chiral edge Fermions. We
discuss the effects of wave function overlap, and hybridization between edge
states confined near opposing surfaces on the edge currents, ground-state
angular momentum and ground-state order parameter. Under strong lateral
confinement, the chiral A phase undergoes a sequence of phase transitions,
first to a pair density wave (PDW) phase with broken translational symmetry at
. The PDW phase is described by a periodic array of
chiral domains with alternating chirality, separated by domain walls. The
period of PDW phase diverges as the confinement length .
The PDW phase breaks time-reversal symmetry, translation invariance, but is
invariant under the combination of time-reversal and translation by a one-half
period of the PDW. The mass current distribution of the PDW phase reflects this
combined symmetry, and orignates from the spectra of edge Fermions and the
chiral branches bound to the domain walls. Under sufficiently strong
confinement a second-order transition occurs to the non-chiral "polar phase" at
, in which a single p-wave orbital state of Cooper pairs
is aligned along the channel.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figure
Exotic disordered phases in the quantum model on the honeycomb lattice
We study the ground-state phase diagram of the frustrated quantum
Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice using a mean field approach
in terms of the Schwinger boson representation of the spin operators. We
present results for the ground-state energy, local magnetization, energy gap
and spin-spin correlations. The system shows magnetic long range order for
(N\'eel) and (spiral). In the intermediate region, we find two magnetically disordered
phases: a gapped spin liquid phase which shows short-range N\'eel correlations
, and a lattice nematic phase
, which is magnetically disordered
but breaks lattice rotational symmetry. The errors in the values of the phase
boundaries which are implicit in the number of significant figures quoted,
correspond purely to the error in the extrapolation of our finite-size results
to the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
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SUN/KASH interactions facilitate force transmission across the nuclear envelope.
LINC complexes (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton), consisting of inner nuclear membrane SUN (Sad1, UNC-84) proteins and outer nuclear membrane KASH (Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne Homology) proteins, are essential for nuclear positioning, cell migration and chromosome dynamics. To test the in vivo functions of conserved interfaces revealed by crystal structures, Cain et al used a combination of Caenorhabditis elegans genetics, imaging in cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, and Molecular Dynamic simulations, to study SUN-KASH interactions. Conserved aromatic residues at the -7 position of the C-termini of KASH proteins and conserved disulfide bonds in LINC complexes play important roles in force transmission across the nuclear envelope. Other properties of LINC complexes, such as the helices preceding the SUN domain, the longer coiled-coils spanning the perinuclear space and higher-order organization may also function to transmit mechanical forces generated by the cytoskeleton across the nuclear envelope
An XPS Investigation of Thermal degradation and Charring of Cross-linked Polyisoprene and Polychloroprene
Our interest in butadiene-containing polymers had led to an investigation of the thermal degradation of polyisoprene, PIP, and polychloroprene, PCP. The connection between cross-linking and thermal stability through an examination of PIP and PCP has been reported. Like the course of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) the cross-linking and charring of polymers subjected to heat can also be experimentally observed as function of temperatures by the pseudo-in-situ XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). Data acquisition of C1s spectra as function of temperature permits us to explore: (1) the extent of cross-linking and/or carbon accumulation of systems of PCP and PIP with/without initiators, BPO and DCP, via the analysis of the relative intensity versus temperature; and (2) the onset of charring by determining the limiting transition temperature (LTGRL) of the graphite-like structure and particularly the plasmon loss (ΔEL)
Quantum phases in the frustrated Heisenberg model on the bilayer honeycomb lattice
We use a combination of analytical and numerical techniques to study the
phase diagram of the frustrated Heisenberg model on the bilayer honeycomb
lattice. Using the Schwinger boson description of the spin operators followed
by a mean field decoupling, the magnetic phase diagram is studied as a function
of the frustration coupling and the interlayer coupling .
The presence of both magnetically ordered and disordered phases is
investigated by means of the evaluation of ground-state energy, spin gap, local
magnetization and spin-spin correlations. We observe a phase with a spin gap
and short range N\'eel correlations that survives for non-zero
next-nearest-neighbor interaction and interlayer coupling. Furthermore, we
detect signatures of a reentrant behavior in the melting of N\'eel phase and
symmetry restoring when the system undergoes a transition from an on-layer
nematic valence bond crystal phase to an interlayer valence bond crystal phase.
We complement our work with exact diagonalization on small clusters and
dimer-series expansion calculations, together with a linear spin wave approach
to study the phase diagram as a function of the spin , the frustration and
the interlayer couplings.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
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