Interaction between serotoninergic-and beta-adrenergic receptors signaling pathways in rat femoral artery

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCoronary heart disease has been widely studied in cardiovascular research. However, patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have worst outcomes compared to those with coronary artery disease. Therefore, pharmacological studies using femoral artery are highly relevant for a better understanding of the pathophysiologic responses of the PAD. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacologic properties of the contractile and relaxing agents in rat femoral artery. Methods: Concentration response curves to the contractile phenylephrine (PE) and serotonin (5-HT) and the relaxing agents isoproterenol (ISO) and forskolin were obtained in isolated rat femoral artery. For relaxing responses, tissues were precontracted with PE or 5-HT. Results: The order rank potency in femoral artery was 5-HT > PE for contractile responses. In tissues precontracted with 5-HT, relaxing responses to isoproterenol was virtually abolished as compared to PE-contracted tissues. Forskolin, a stimulant of adenylyl cyclase, partially restored the relaxing response to ISO in 5-HT-precontracted tissues. Conclusion: An interaction between beta-adrenergic- and serotoninergic- receptors signaling pathway occurs in femoral artery. Moreover, this study provides a new model to study serotoninergic signaling pathway under normal and pathological conditions which can help understanding clinical outcomes in the PAD9812934FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOsem informaçã

Resistance Exercise Improves Metabolic Parameters And Changes Adipocyte-derived Leptin: A Comparison Between Genders In Untrained Adults

This study examined gender differences after resistance exercise (RE) by measuring fasting plasma levels of creatine kinase, lipid profile, blood glucose, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and leptin. Thirteen women (23.6 ± 7.3 years) and 11 men (29.5 ± 9 years) were enrolled in the study. Two bouts of RE were performed on two different occasions separated by 48 h each. Blood samples were collected and analyzed at baseline and 15 h after the last RE session. Increased creatine kinase levels and improvements in lipid profile and blood glucose were found for both genders. No changes in adiponectin and TNF-α levels were observed for both genders, but leptin levels were reduced (p < 0.05) only for women after RE. Collectively, our findings clearly show that RE was effective in lowering blood glucose and that this effect was not accompanied by changes in adiponectin levels in healthy subjects, indicating that RE is still an important tool for the prevention of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, two sessions of RE promoted a reduction in leptin levels in women, even though no changes in body weight were found, showing that RE is an interesting approach to study obese patients and metabolic regulation.22321722

Role Of Exercise Training On Pulmonary Ischemia/reperfusion And Inflammatory Response [papel Do Exercício Físico Na Isquemia/reperfusão Pulmonar E Resposta Inflamatória]

Advances in new technologies associated with improvement of knowledge in medicine have promoted important development in therapeutic and preventive approaches in an attempt to diminish complications following cardiothoracic process involving ischemia/ reperfusion (IR). Nevertheless, postoperative pulmonary injuries remain high and are considered one of the most frequent complications after cardiothoracic surgery. Thus, new strategies with prophylactic actions are crucial in the cardiovascular area in an attempt to reduce complications and to improve patients life. It is well documented that moderate exercise training is a non-pharmacological tool to prevent and/or treat the cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases. The aim of this review was to provide an update of several studies on pulmonary IR process and its local and systemic complications and the role of inflammatory response. Furthermore, this review focused on the effects of exercise training on the pulmonary IR as an important strategy to diminish its complications. This review shows that few studies exist regarding the health-promoting physical exercise in cardiothoracic surgery and how important and necessary it is to increase studies in this area. Recently, studies from our laboratory showed beneficial effects of exercise training in experimental model of pulmonary IR. Collectively, data show that physical preconditioning for patients is a very important approach to reduce postsurgical complications as well as diminish the time of hospitalization which includes a specialized personal trainer in the health team. Moreover, this preventive strategy might improve patient recovery and would lead to consuming less resources of the health care system. This review included experimental studies in English and Portuguese found in SciELO and MEDLINE (from 1987 to 2008) and also classical texts related to the topic.244552561Delbin, M.A., Moraes, C., Camargo, E., Mussi, R.K., Antunes, E., de Nucci, G., Influence of physical preconditioning on the responsiveness of rat pulmonary artery after pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion (2007) Comp Biochem Physiol a Mol Integr Physiol, 147 (3), pp. 793-798Mussi, R.K., Camargo, E.A., Ferreira, T., de Moraes, C., Delbin, M.A., Toro, I.F., Exercise training reduces pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory response (2008) Eur Respir J, 31 (3), pp. 645-649Delbin, M.A., Davel, A.P., Bau, F.R., Priviero, F.B.M., Rossoni, L.V., Antunes, E., Reduction in vascular oxidative stress and improvement of NO/cGMP pathway in trained rats after lung ischemia/reperfusion (2009) Inter-american Society of Hypertension 18th Scientific Sessions, 12 (SUPPL. 1), p. 8. , 17o Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão, 2009Belo Horizonte. 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(1992) J Lab Clin Med, 119 (6), pp. 598-620Jurmann, M.J., Dammenhayn, L., Schaefers, H.J., Haverich, A., Pulmonary reperfusion injury: Evidence for oxygen-derived free radical mediated damage and effects of different free radical scavengers (1990) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 4 (12), pp. 665-670Russell, W.J., Jackson, R.M., Hydrogen peroxide release by mitochondria from normal and hypoxic lungs (1994) Am J Med Sci, 308 (4), pp. 239-243Lassègue, B., Clempus, R.E., Vascular NAD(P)H oxidases: Specific features, expression, and regulation (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 285 (2), pp. R277-R297Fortuño, A., San José, G., Moreno, M.U., Díez, J., Zalba, G., Oxidative stress and vascular remodelling (2005) Exp Physiol, 90 (4), pp. 457-462Ray, R., Shah, A.M., NADPH oxidase and endothelial cell function (2005) Clin Sci (lond), 109 (3), pp. 217-226Bayraktutan, U., Blayney, L., Shah, A.M., Molecular characterization and localization of the NAD(P)H oxidase components gp91-phox and p22-phox in endothelial cells (2000) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 20 (8), pp. 1903-1911Shinozaki, K., Kashiwagi, A., Nishio, Y., Okamura, T., Yoshida, Y., Masada, M., Abnormal biopterin metabolism is a major cause of impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation through nitric oxide/O2- imbalance in insulin-resistant rat aorta (1999) Diabetes, 48 (12), pp. 2437-2445Beckman, J.S., Koppenol, W.H., Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: The good, the bad, and ugly (1996) Am J Physiol, 271 (5 PART 1), pp. C1424-C1437Schneider, C.D., Oliveira, A.R., Radicais livres de oxigênio e exercício: Mecanismos de formação e adaptação ao treinamento físico (2004) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 10 (4), pp. 308-313Ferreira, A.L.A., Matsubara, L.S., Radicais livres: Conceitos, doenças relacionadas, sistema de defesa e estresse oxidativo (1997) Rev Assoc Med Bras, 43 (1), pp. 61-68McArdle, W., Katch, F., Katch, V., (1998) Fisiologia Do ExercícioEnergia, Nutrição E Desempenho Humano, , 4a ed. 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Interaction Between Serotoninergic-and β-adrenergic Receptors Signaling Pathways In Rat Femoral Artery

Background: Coronary heart disease has been widely studied in cardiovascular research. However, patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have worst outcomes compared to those with coronary artery disease. Therefore, pharmacological studies using femoral artery are highly relevant for a better understanding of the pathophysiologic responses of the PAD. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacologic properties of the contractile and relaxing agents in rat femoral artery. Methods: Concentration response curves to the contractile phenylephrine (PE) and serotonin (5-HT) and the relaxing agents isoproterenol (ISO) and forskolin were obtained in isolated rat femoral artery. For relaxing responses, tissues were precontracted with PE or 5-HT. Results: The order rank potency in femoral artery was 5-HT > PE for contractile responses. In tissues precontracted with 5-HT, relaxing responses to isoproterenol was virtually abolished as compared to PE-contracted tissues. Forskolin, a stimulant of adenylyl cyclase, partially restored the relaxing response to ISO in 5-HT-precontracted tissues. Conclusion: An interaction between β-adrenergic- and serotoninergic- receptors signaling pathway occurs in femoral artery. 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Pain assessment in surgical patients with impaired cognition

Pain is considered the 5th vital sign and its measurement/assessment and records are required and must be systematic. Ineffective pain management involves complications in clinical status of patients, longer hospitalization times and higher costs with health. In the surgical patient with impaired cognition, hetero measurements should be made, based on behavioural and physiological indicators. We used to determine the efficacy and efficiency of the Observer Scale, the Abbey Pain Scale and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD). Our study is an applied, non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive and analytical research. The data collection instrument consisted of patients’ sociodemographic and clinical data, the Observer Scale, the Abbey Pain Scale (Rodrigues, 2013) and PAINAD (Batalha et al., 2012). We assessed pain at an early phase and 45 minutes after an intervention for its relief. The sample is non-probabilistic for convenience, consisting of 76 surgical patients with impaired cognition, admitted to the surgery services of a central hospital, aged between 38 and 96 years. There was a positive correlation between the results of the three scales, most evident in the initial evaluation. Pain intensity in the same patient is higher when assessed with PAINAD (OM = 2.16) and lower when assessed with the Observer Scale (OM = 1.78). The most effective and efficient scale is PAINAD. Due to the small sample size, we suggest confirmatory studies so that the results can be generalized