Features of Galicia Sports Press Functioning in 1920s — 1930s

The results of the typological analysis of the Galician sports press of the 1920s—1930s are presented. The quantitative growth of sports publications in Galicia during the analyzed period is noted, despite the fact that the region is under Polish hegemony, and the role of the regional sports press as a catalyst of national consciousness is emphasized. The sociopolitical conditions for the development of sports periodicals and general trends in the program policy of Galician sports publications have been determined. The novelty of the research is seen in the identification of the characteristic regional dominants of the sports periodicals in Galicia through the implementation of content analysis of Galician publications and a comparative analysis of sports journalism in Galicia and the Ukrainian SSR of the 1920s—1930s. The author’s development of the periodization of the sports press of Galicia of the indicated era based on the unification of sociopolitical, typological, problem-thematic, genre features of publications in a certain chronological period is presented, constitutional dominants of each period are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the review and content analysis of the most representative media of each period of the sports press of Galicia in the 1920s and 1930s, where the units of scientific observation were the goals and objectives of the publications, the composition of the editorial boards, the genre and problem-thematic ranges of materials. An overview analysis of the conditions of development, the characteristics of content, structure, genre-thematic palette, authorship of the sports media of Galicia in the context of sports journalism of Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century is presented in conclusion

System modules for thermal insulation of residential facilities in the Arctic

About a fifth of the territory of Russia is located in the Arctic, there resides about 1,5 million people and is located about 30 large and medium cities. Another significant factor is the concentration of the territories north of the 67th parallel and mastered a large number of promising deposits of minerals: oil and gas among them. In connection c mining and processing of natural resources necessary to develop construction technologies at extremely low natural temperatures and permafrost

RUSSIAN ENGINEERING TEACHERS AS AN IMPORTANT PART OF IGIP

The paper highlights the milestones of the history of the International Society for Engineering Pedagogy (IGIP) from 1972 until now. Professor A. Melezinek was a founder of the society; he developed its structure that survived to the present time. Now his pedagogical ideas are being developed and revised to reflect the changes in the goals and contents of engineering education, new methods, means of training and control, modern communication capabilities. Global challenges, problems of sustainable development and construction of the so-called “Resilient Society” were the main topics of the last Annual IGIP conferences. Globalization has led to the organization of the International Federation of Engineering Education Societies (IFEES). IGIP was one of its founders in 2006. We discuss different aspects of cooperation between Russian technical universities and IGIP, which began in 1995. Regional IGIP conferences and round tables are one of the aspects of such cooperation. The importance of this interaction for the Russian scientific school of engineering education is emphasized

Особенности личностных характеристик реципиентов после трансплантации сердца

Objective: to assess the personal psychological profile of heart transplant recipients as the first stage in the development of post-transplant personalized rehabilitation programs. Materials and methods. From January 2010 to July 2019, 129 HTs were performed (mean age 46.6 ± 14.1 years; 74% (n = 95) were men, 26% (n = 34) were women). All patients in the heart transplant waiting list were examined by a clinical psychologist and a psychotherapist to exclude contraindications to transplant surgery. To assess personal traits, we used the standard multifactorial questionnaire by Cattell R., 16 PF (version A), which included 187 questions. Heart transplantation and absence of post-transplant severe cognitive impairments were the selection criteria for this study. Patients were surveyed before they were discharged from the hospital – 30–60 days following HT: during the period of complete recovery after surgery. In the present study, a retrospective assessment of the results was performed in 107 patients (n = 76 – men; n = 31 – women). Results. Analysis of the personality portrait revealed that over half of recipients were reserved, distant (factor A – schizothymia) and restrained (factor F – restraint; F2 – introvert; F4 – conforming) with lower mental capacity (factor B), and were shy, timid (factor H), with low super ego (factor G: irresponsible, tolerates disorder, flexible, open to change). Our results showed that 47% of patients (n = 18 out of 38 patients, n = 22 are pensioners) with a weak degree of factor C (reactive, affected by feelings) are workers to 42% (n = 29 out of 69, n = 28 – retirees) with a strong degree of the same factor. One year after HT, the number of physically active patients was higher among those with low anxiety compared with high anxiety (41% (18 of 44) and 32% (20 of 63), respectively, p = 0.41). Conclusion. Personality factors are non-modifiable characteristics of patients. They affect human behavior, return to work and to social life, as well as physical and psychological recovery from HT. Knowing the personal traits of recipients would allow to develop a personalized approach to their rehabilitation and a technique for timely examination after HT.Цель. Исследовать личностный психологический портрет пациентов после трансплантации сердца (ТС) в качестве первого этапа разработки персонифицированных программ реабилитации после пересадки сердца. Материалы и методы. С января 2010-го по июль 2019 г. было выполнено 129 ТС (средний возраст – 46,6 ± 14,1 года; 74% (n = 95) – мужчины, 26% (n = 34) – женщины). Одним из пунктов обследования в ЛОТС была консультация клинического психолога и врача-психотерапевта для исключения противопоказаний к операции. Для оценки личностных характеристик мы использовали стандартный многофакторный опросник Р. Кеттелла 16 PF (версия А), включающий в себя 187 вопросов. Критериями отбора в данное исследование были выполненная ТС и отсутствие тяжелых когнитивных нарушений, развившихся в посттрансплантационном периоде. Анкетирование пациентов проводили перед их выпиской из стационара – через 30–60 дней после ТС: в период полного восстановления после операции. В настоящем исследовании была выполнена ретроспективная оценка результатов у 107 пациентов (76 мужчин, 31 женщина). Результаты. При анализе личностного портрета выявлено, что более половины реципиентов были скрытными, недоверчивыми (фактор А – шизотимия) и сдержанными (фактор F – сдержанность; F2 – интроверт; F4 – конформность) с низким интеллектом (фактор В), нерешительными (фактор H – тректия), с низким суперэго (фактор G: безответственный, неорганизованный, непостоянный, переменчивый). По нашим результатам, 47% больных (18 пациентов из 38; 22 – пенсионеры) со слабой степенью развития фактора С («Слабость Я») работают по сравнению с 42% (29 из 69; 28 – пенсионеры) с сильной степенью фактора. Через 1 год после ТС количество физически активных пациентов было больше среди отличающихся низкой тревожностью по сравнению с высоко тревожными (41% (18 из 44) и 32% (20 из 63) соответственно, p = 0,41). Заключение. Личностные характеристики – это немодифицируемые черты больных, которые влияют на их поведение, возвращение к работе и социальной жизни, а также их физическое и психологическое восстановление после ТС. Знание личностных особенностей реципиентов позволит разрабатывать персонифицированный подход к их реабилитации и алгоритм своевременного обследования после ТС

Ботулотоксин типа А (диспорт) в лечении хронических форм первичной головной боли

The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of BTA on the cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic daily headache. The analysis of Doppler ultrasonography and transcranial Dopplergraphy findings has shown the following: after the treatment 34% of the patients had no extravasal effect and in 66% of the patients it became moderate and after the treatment normal venous outflow was found in 58% of the patients . The results of the pilot study demonstrate the effect of BT-A injection on the cerebral blood flow by means of optimizing both the arterial blood flow and the venous outflow from the cavity of the skull.Для терапии хронической ежедневной головной боли (ХЕГБ) использовали препарат диспорт. После лечения у 34% пациентов экстравазальное влияние не выявлялось, а у 66% оно стало умеренным. После лечения отмечена нормализация венозного оттока у 58% пациентов, из которых только у 10% изменения сохранили свою выраженность. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об улучшении показателей церебрального кровотока больных с ХЕГБ на фоне инъекций ботулотоксина типа А

Influence of characteristics of epicardial adipose tissue and myocardial sympathetic innervation on the development of late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation

Aim. To investigate the relationship between radiological characteristics of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and myocardial sympathetic activity, as well as to study their association with late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Material and methods. This prospective study included 26 people with persistent and long-standing persistent AF scheduled for interventional AF treatment. Before the RFA procedure, all patients underwent cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy to assess the myocardial sympathetic innervation and contrast-enhanced cardiac multislice computed tomography to assess pulmonary vein anatomy, left atrial volume, and EAT volume. Clinical follow-up, including 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and 24-hour ECG monitoring, was carried out 3, 6 and 12 months after RFA.Results. After the end of follow-up, the patients were divided into two groups: with AF recurrence (group 1, n=8) and without AF recurrence (group 2, n=18). Multivariate logistic analysis found that only the 123I-MIBG washout rate (odds ratio, 1,0943; 95% confidence interval, 1,0138-1,1812) proved to be an independent predictor of late AF recurrence after RFA. ROC analysis revealed that a 123I-MIBG washout rate >21% with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 83,3% (AUC=0,844; p<0,001) predicts late AF recurrence after RFA.Conclusion. Parameters of myocardial sympathetic activity, assessed by 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy, are associated with late AF recurrence after RFA in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF. There were no reliable data confirming associations between myocardial sympathetic innervation and radiological EAT indicators, as well as the effect of the latter on the risk of AF recurrence after RFA

Скрининговое изучение эффектов миметиков фактора роста нервов и мозгового нейротрофического фактора на экспериментальной модели депрессии

At the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology designed and synthesized dimeric dipeptide mimetics of the 1st (GK-6) and 4th (GK-2) nerve growth factor loops, 1st (GSB-214), 2nd (GTS-201) and 4th (GSB -106, GSB-106Ac) brain-derived neurotrophic factor loops. Antidepressant activity of GSB-106 has already been established by oral and intraperitoneal administration in 0.1-5.0 mg/kg doses. Newly synthesized mimetics were studied in comparison with GSB-106 for antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test on male Balb/c mice with a single intraperitoneal administration. It was found that only mimetic of the fourth brain-derived neurotrophic factor loop GSB-106Ac, varied from GSB-106 by replace monosuccinyl fragment to acetyl, has antidepressant activity in doses of 1.0 mg / kg and 5.0 mg / kg.В НИИ фармакологии имени В.В. Закусова сконструированы и синтезированы димерные дипептидные миметики 1-й (ГК-6) и 4-й (ГК-2) петель фактора роста нервов, 1-й (ГСБ-214), 2-й (ГТС-201) и 4-й (ГСБ-106, ГСБ-106Ас) петель мозгового нейротрофического фактора. Для ГСБ-106 ранее установлена антидепрессивноподобная активность в дозах 0,1-5,0 мг/кг при введении внутрь и внутрибрюшинно. Вновь синтезированные миметики изучены в сравнении с ГСБ-106 на наличие антидепрессивноподобной активности в тесте вынужденного плавания на мышах-самцах Balb/c при однократном внутрибрюшинном введении. Установлено, что только миметик 4-й петли BDNF ГСБ-106Ас, отличающийся от ГСБ-106 заменой моно-сукцинильного фрагмента на ацетильный, обладал антидепрессивноподобным действием в дозах 1,0 мг/кг и 5,0 мг/кг

Инвазивный аспергиллез легких после трансплантации сердца

Objective: to assess the incidence, determine the peculiarities of the course of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and identify risk factors for IPA in heart transplant recipients.Materials and methods. From January 2010 to December 2019, 137 heart transplantations (HT) were performed: mean age 46 ± 14 years; male 102 (74%) and female 35 (26%). All patients received a three-component immunosuppressive therapy: calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and Glucocorticoid (GCs). Induction therapy consisted of Basiliximab (81%, n = 111) and antithymocyte immunoglobulin (15%, n = 20). A retrospective analysis of patients with identified post-HT invasive IPA was performed; risk factors for IPA were assessed. In patients with early IPA, the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the initial severity of the condition were studied. All patients with suspected pneumonia underwent bronchoscopy with examination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and chest computed tomography (chest CT scan).Results. During the follow-up, there were 58 episodes of pneumonia, of which 16 (28%) were IPA (age 33 to 64 years). All patients had a target level of immunosuppressive drugs concentration in blood; basiliximab was used as induction therapy in 15 of 16 patients. Half of the recipients developed IPA in the early post-HT period (less than 3 months after HT), in the rest (n = 8) – at a later date (3 months to 1 year after HT). The diagnosis was verified: 14 out of 16 patients showed an increase in the Aspergillus antigen positivity in the BAL to 7.2 (2.8 ± 1.6); chest CT scan revealed specific changes. In two patients, there were no diagnostic criteria for IPA, but the diagnosis was made based on the results of histological examination after resection of the left lower lobe of the lung. All patients received voriconazole therapy for 2 to 6 months, their immunosuppressive therapy was adjusted (tacrolimus and MMF dose adjustment) and their white blood cell count was monitored. Complete cure of the disease was achieved in 13 (81%) patients. Two patients died within 30 days after HT in the intensive care unit, one died from urogenital diseases caused by bacterial flora and leading to urosepsis, 4 months after IPA treatment was initiated. All patients had risk factors for IPA: taking immunosuppression, including GCs (n = 16), prolonged ICU stay (n = 14), inotropic support exceeding 2 days in the early post-transplant period (n = 10), cachexia during HT (n = 6), leukopenia (n = 9) and neutropenia (n = 14).Conclusion. In heart transplantat recipients, the incidence of IPA among respiratory tract infections is 28%. The risk of developing IPA was highest during the first year following HT. In the majority of recipients, the disease was detected at the early stages; diagnosis required surgical intervention in 12% of cases. A decrease in the risk of developing IPA was associated with correction of the following risk factors for this disease in all patients: volume of immunosuppressive therapy during the first year after transplantation and prevention of the development of neutropenia as a marker of infectious complications or immunosuppression overdose. Early diagnosis of IPA allowed for initiation of timely specific therapy in most recipients and achievement of a positive effect in 80% of them.Цель. Оценить частоту развития, определить особенности течения инвазивного аспергиллеза легких (АСП) и выявить факторы риска развития заболевания у реципиентов после трансплантации сердца (ТС).Материалы и методы. C января 2010-го по декабрь 2019 г. было выполнено 137 ТС: средний возраст 46 ± 14 лет; мужчин – 102 (74%), женщин – 35 (26%). Все пациенты получали трехкомпонентную иммуносупрессивную терапию: ингибиторы кальциневрина, микофенолата мофетил (ММФ) и глюкокортикостероиды (ГКС). Индукционная терапия была представлена базиликсимабом (81%, n = 111) и антитимоцитарным иммуноглобулином (15%, n = 20). Проведен ретроспективный анализ пациентов с выявленным инвазивным АСП, перенесенным после ТС, оценены факторы риска развития АСП. У пациентов с ранним АСП изучены длительность нахождения в отделении реанимации (ОР) и продолжительность ИВЛ, исходная тяжесть состояния. Всем пациентам с подозрением на пневмонию проводились бронхоскопия с исследованием бронхоальвеолярного лаважа (БАЛ) и компьютерная томография грудной клетки (КТ ОГК).Результаты. За время наблюдения было зарегистрировано 58 эпизодов пневмоний, из них 16 (28%) – АСП (возраст от 33 до 64 лет). У всех пациентов был целевой уровень концентрации иммуносупрессивных препаратов в крови, у 15 из 16 пациентов в качестве индукционной терапии был применен базиликсимаб. У половины реципиентов АСП развился в ранние сроки после ТС (менее 3 месяцев после ТС), у остальных (n = 8) – в поздние сроки (3 месяца – 1 год после ТС). Диагноз был верифицирован: у 14 из 16 пациентов наблюдалось повышение коэффициента позитивности антиген Aspergillus в БАЛ до 7,2 (2,8 ± 1,6), имели место специфические изменения по КТ ОГК. У двух пациентов диагностические критерии АСП отсутствовали, но диагноз был поставлен по результатам гистологического исследования после резекции нижней доли левого легкого. Всем пациентам проводилась терапия вориконазолом продолжительностью от 2 до 6 месяцев, коррекция иммуносупрессивной терапии (коррекция дозы такролимуса и ММФ) и контроль уровня лейкоцитов в динамике. Полное излечение заболевания было достигнуто у 13 (81%) пациентов. Двое больных умерли в течение 30 дней после ТС в отделении реанимации, один – от заболеваний мочеполовой системы, вызванных бактериальной флорой и приведших к развитию уросепсиса, через 4 месяца после начала лечения АСП. У всех пациентов имели место факторы риска развития АСП: прием иммуносупрессии, в том числе ГКС (n = 16), длительное пребывание в ОР (n = 14), инотропная поддержка более 2 суток в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде (n = 10), кахексия на момент ТС (n = 6), лейкопения (n = 9) и нейтропения (n = 14).Заключение. У пациентов после ТС встречаемость АСП среди инфекций дыхательных путей составляет 28%. Наиболее высоким риск развития АСП был в течение первого года после ТС. У большинства реципиентов заболевание было выявлено на начальных стадиях, в 12% случаев для диагностики потребовалось проведение оперативного вмешательства. Снижение риска развития АСП было ассоциировано с коррекцией следующих факторов риска этого заболевания у всех пациентов: объем иммуносупрессивной терапии в течение первого года после трансплантации и предотвращение развития нейтропении как маркера инфекционных осложнений или переизбытка иммуносупрессии. Ранняя диагностика АСП позволила у большинства реципиентов начать своевременную специфическую терапию и добиться положительного эффекта у 80% из них

Russian clinical practice guidelines «congenital adrenal hyperplasia»

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by a defect in one of the enzymes or transport proteins involved in the cortisol synthesis in the adrenal cortex. The most common form of CAH, which occurs in more than 90% of cases, is a 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency. The latter is subdivided into nonclassical and classic (salt-losing and virilizing) forms. The prevalence of classic forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency ranges from 1: 14,000 to 1:18,000 live births worldwide. According to the data of neonatal screening in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of the disease in some regions ranges from 1: 5000 to 1: 12000, in the country as a whole - 1: 9638 live newborns. The non-classical form of CAH occurs more often - from 1: 500 to 1: 1000 among the general population. In second place is the hypertensive form of CAH - a deficiency of 11β-hydroxylase, which, according to the literature, occurs in about 1 per 100,000 newborns. These clinical guidelines were compiled by a professional community of narrow specialists, approved by the expert council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and updated the previous version published in 2016. The clinical guidelines are based on systematic reviews, meta-analyses and original articles, and scientific work on this issue in the Russian Federation and other countries. The purpose of this document is to provide clinicians with the most up-to-date, evidence-based guidelines for the CAH diagnosis and treatmen

Current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation. The data on the number of facilities performing radionuclide investigations for the diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, their staffing and equipment are given. The statistics of the conducted nuclear cardiology tests for 2018-2020 are given, as well as their methods, features and diagnostic significance are described