Phase Equilibrium Data Study With Carbon Dioxide Solvent For 80.52:19.48 Of Ethanoloctane Mixture At Elevated Pressure.

Solubility data of a mixture containing 80.52 % ethanol and 19.48 % octane was measured in carbon dioxide solvent using a high-pressure type phase equilibrium apparatus at pressures up to 100 bar and at temperature of 75 °C. The experimental results showed that considerable separation was not achieved in this ethanol and octane ratio using carbon dioxide

Dynamic Optimization of Autocatalytic Esterification in Semi Batch Reactor using Orthogonal Collocation and Control Vector Parameterization Method

Catalyzed Esterification of Propionic Anhydride with 2-Butanol is commonly applied in semi batch reactors where the process variables undergo significant changes during the duration of the batch. In this semi batch operation, there is no steady state and thus no constant setpoints around which the key variables can be regulated

Online Dynamic Optimization of Feed Flowrate and Temperature Trajectories in Semi Batch Esterification Reactor

In semi batch esterification process, an operating feed flowrate and temperature reactor has a significant effect on conversion that determines final product quality

Developmental neurotoxic effects of chronic endosulfan exposure in the zebrafish larvae

Endosulfan was listed as a member of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) and the usage was banned, yet this pesticide is still widely used in many developing countries. The usage of this pesticide can reach aquatic system through runoff from agricultural areas. Due to their persistent characteristic in the environment, human population are posed to continuous exposure to endosulfan. Consequently, endosulfan was found in the cord blood and breast milk of pregnant women, thus may induced adverse effects to the developing nervous system. In this study, we focused to determine the developmental neurotoxicity effects of chronic embryonic exposure to endosulfan in the zebrafish larvae. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to several concentrations of endosulfan in a semi static condition, where half of the medium was renewed for every 24 h from 5 hours post fertilization (hpf) until hatching. We measured spontaneous tail coiling at 24 hpf; heart rate at 48 hpf and mortality rate at 72 hpf. We found that, endosulfan decreased the spontaneous tail coiling, heart rate and increased the total percentage of mortality as the concentration increased. At 6 days post fertilization (dpf), we measured the swimming activity of individual larva and found that endosulfan significantly decreased the swimming activity behaviour at 40nM-200nM. The zebrafish larvae exposed to endosulfan higher than 200nM were unable to survive until 6 dpf. We further evaluated anxiety behaviour in the group of 5 larvae at 6 dpf exposed to 200nM endosulfan, with and without visual stimuli. Caffeine (100mg/L) was used as an anxiogenic drug. Caffeine increased the anxiety behaviour while endosulfan decreased the anxiety behaviour in the zebrafish larvae. Our result showed that zebrafish embryos can be an alternative research model to study the developmental neurotoxicity testing at high-throughput screenings

Intestinal adhesion due to previous uterine surgery as a risk factor for delayed diagnosis of uterine rupture: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Uterine rupture is a life-threatening condition both to mothers and fetuses. Its early diagnosis and treatment may save their lives. Previous myomectomy is a high risk factor for uterine rupture. Intestinal adhesion due to previous myomectomy may also prevent early diagnosis of uterine rupture.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 38-year-old primiparous non-laboring Japanese woman with a history of myomectomy was admitted in her 34^thweek due to lower abdominal pain. Although the pain was slight and her vital signs were stable, computed tomography revealed massive fluid collection in her abdominal cavity, which led us to perform a laparotomy. Uterine rupture had occurred at the site of the previous myomectomy; however, the small intestine was adhered tightly to the rupture, thus masking it. The baby was delivered through a low uterine segment transverse incision. The ruptured uterine wall was reconstructed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Intestinal adhesion due to a prior myomectomy occluded a uterine rupture, possibly masking its symptoms and signs, which may have prevented early diagnosis.</p

Microparticles from patients with metabolic syndrome induce vascular hypo-reactivity via Fas/Fas-ligand pathway in mice

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Bcl-2 protein family: Implications in vascular apoptosis and atherosclerosis

Apoptosis has been recognized as a central component in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in addition to the other human pathologies such as cancer and diabetes. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is complex, involving both apoptosis and proliferation at different phases of its progression. Oxidative modification of lipids and inflammation differentially regulate the apoptotic and proliferative responses of vascular cells during progression of the atherosclerotic lesion. Bcl-2 proteins act as the major regulators of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signalling pathways and more recently it has become evident that they mediate the apoptotic response of vascular cells in response to oxidation and inflammation either in a provocative or an inhibitory mode of action. Here we address Bcl-2 proteins as major therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis and underscore the need for the novel preventive and therapeutic interventions against atherosclerosis, which should be designed in the light of molecular mechanisms regulating apoptosis of vascular cells in atherosclerotic lesions

Long-term Shedding of Influenza A Virus in Stool of Immunocompromised Child

In immunocompromised patients, influenza infection may progress to prolonged viral shedding from the respiratory tract despite antiviral therapy. We describe chronic influenza A virus infection in an immunocompromised child who had prolonged shedding of culturable influenza virus in stool

Mutual Solubility Study in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Tocopherols from Crude Palm Oil Using CO2 Solvent

In this article, the mutual solubility of tocopherols from crude palm oil was studied using carbon dioxide as a solvent at the temperatures of 80, 100 and 120 °C. Each sample from the phase equilibrium unit contained two parts. The liquid part was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) in order to measure the tocopherol composition and, on the other hand, the vapor phase was conducted in an expansion vessel in order to measure the pressure increment during the expansion process. Two phase equilibrium data was calculated using the liquid phase composition and pressure increments during the expansion process. Results showed that the maximum solubility of tocopherols was around 2.27% at a temperature of 120 °C and at pressure of 5.44 MPa

Genomics of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis After 5 Years of SAFE Interventions for Trachoma in Amhara, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: To eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, the World Health Organization recommends the SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement) strategy. As part of the SAFE strategy in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia, the Trachoma Control Program distributed >124 million doses of antibiotics between 2007 and 2015. Despite this, trachoma remained hyperendemic in many districts and a considerable level of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection was evident. METHODS: We utilized residual material from Abbott m2000 Ct diagnostic tests to sequence 99 ocular Ct samples from Amhara and investigated the role of Ct genomic variation in continued transmission of Ct. RESULTS: Sequences were typical of ocular Ct at the whole-genome level and in tissue tropism-associated genes. There was no evidence of macrolide resistance in this population. Polymorphism around the ompA gene was associated with village-level trachomatous inflammation-follicular prevalence. Greater ompA diversity at the district level was associated with increased Ct infection prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence for Ct genomic variation contributing to continued transmission of Ct after treatment, adding to evidence that azithromycin does not drive acquisition of macrolide resistance in Ct. Increased Ct infection in areas with more ompA variants requires longitudinal investigation to understand what impact this may have on treatment success and host immunity