Church Property Disputes in the Civil Courts

Denna uppsats bygger på ett uppdrag att utvärdera de lokala trygghetssgrupperna i Sundsvalls kommun. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur denna nya form av lokalt sammansatta grupper fungerar i teorin och praktiken. Detta görs med särskilt fokus på gräsrotsbyråkraternas roll och deras arbetssituation inom området för det brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande arbetet i kommunen. Uppsatsens metod består av intervjuer med tio deltagare från trygghetsgrupperna och deltagande observationer som är direkt anslutna till det vardagliga arbetet. Det analytiska ramverket består av Michael Lipskys begrepp om gräsrotsbyråkrater, vars breda skara av poliser, rektorer, socialtjänstemän m.fl. arbetar direkt med och mot människor, och dessutom har ett stort svängrum att själva kunna utforma mål och arbetssätt i praktiken. Vidare används Kirk Emerson et. al. artikel om samverkansstyrning som ligger till grund för den nya samarbetsformen som utvecklas under de senaste åren i Sundsvalls kommun. Avsnittet behandlar även utvärderingsbegreppet och dess betydelse för studiens upplägg. Resultat från studien visar bland annat att det under en längre tid har funnits ett stort engagemang att gemensamt arbeta för att skapa en tryggare miljö runtom i stadsområdena, men det har inte alltid fungerat fullt lika effektivt. Deltagarens gemensamma nyckel till framgång i det lokala brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande arbetet är informationsutbytet. En annan viktig aspekt för deltagarna har varit utvecklingen med mål och resurser som upprepade gånger har skapat ett produktivt samarbete. Detta gynnar arbetet inom trygghetsgrupperna och arbetssituationen för deltagarna i deras vardagliga arbete. I studiens slutsatser så framgår det att gräsrotsbyråkrater i Sundsvall upplever en brist på tid och resurser. Men de kan med ett aktivt deltagande och via samverkan med andra samhällsaktörer inom trygghetsgrupperna minska sin egen arbetsbördagenom, samt skapa en större lokal kännedom om andra deltagares arbetsområden. Informationsutbytet ger dem möjlighet att skapa förutsättningar för att vara "steget före" och kunna förutsäga händelser som kan skapa social oro och otrygghet runtom i stads- och bostadsområden

A performance measure for manual control systems

A new performance measure is introduced for multivariable closed loop experiments with a human operator. The essential feature of the phase margin performance measure (PMPM) is that the performance of each control loop can be determined independently, with prescribed disturbance and error levels. A variable filter parameter is used as the PMPM within the loop and it assures a high workload at the same time. There is a straightforward relationship between the PMPM and the inner loop feedback augmentation that can be utilized in trade-off studies. An adjustment scheme that seeks the PMPM automatically is described as employed in a single loop control task. This task applies directly to the experimental study of displays for helicopters and VTOL aircraft

Bodily attractiveness and egalitarianism are negatively related in males.

Ancestrally, relatively attractive individuals and relatively formidable males may have had reduced incentives to be egalitarian (i.e., to act in accordance with norms promoting social equality). If selection calibrated one's egalitarianism to one's attractiveness/formidability, then such people may exhibit reduced egalitarianism ("observed egalitarianism") and be perceived by others as less egalitarian ("perceived egalitarianism") in modern environments. To investigate, we created 3D body models of 125 participants to use both as a source of anthropometric measurements and as stimuli to obtain ratings of bodily attractiveness and perceived egalitarianism. We also measured observed egalitarianism (via an economic "dictator" game) and indices of political egalitarianism (preference for socialism over capitalism) and "equity sensitivity." Results indicated higher egalitarianism levels in women than in men, and moderate-to-strong negative relationships between (a) attractiveness and observed egalitarianism among men, (b) attractiveness and perceived egalitarianism among both sexes, and (c) formidability and perceived egalitarianism among men. We did not find support for two previously-reported findings: that observed egalitarianism and formidability are negatively related in men, and that wealth and formidability interact to explain variance in male egalitarianism. However, this lack of support may have been due to differences in variable measurement between our study and previous studies

Six Permutation Patterns Force Quasirandomness

A sequence $\pi_1,\pi_2,\dots$ of permutations is said to be "quasirandom" if the induced density of every permutation $\sigma$ in $\pi_n$ converges to $1/|\sigma|!$ as $n\to\infty$. We prove that $\pi_1,\pi_2,\dots$ is quasirandom if and only if the density of each permutation $\sigma$ in the set $$\{123,321,2143,3412,2413,3142\}$$ converges to $1/|\sigma|!$. Previously, the smallest cardinality of a set with this property, called a "quasirandom-forcing" set, was known to be between four and eight. In fact, we show that there is a single linear expression of the densities of the six permutations in this set which forces quasirandomness and show that this is best possible in the sense that there is no shorter linear expression of permutation densities with positive coefficients with this property. In the language of theoretical statistics, this expression provides a new nonparametric independence test for bivariate continuous distributions related to Spearman's $\rho$.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figure, 5 appendices included as ancillary file

Pairwise balanced designs covered by bounded flats

We prove that for any $K$ and $d$, there exist, for all sufficiently large admissible $v$, a pairwise balanced design PBD$(v,K)$ of dimension $d$ for which all $d$-point-generated flats are bounded by a constant independent of $v$. We also tighten a prior upper bound for $K = \{3,4,5\}$, in which case there are no divisibility restrictions on the number of points. One consequence of this latter result is the construction of latin squares `covered' by small subsquares