Aplicações de dejetos de suínos e as propriedades do solo.

bitstream/item/46895/1/circular-tecnica-58.pdfProjeto: 01.09.01.003

Endothelial cell activation by SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein: A crosstalk between endothelium and innate immune cells

Background. Emerging evidences suggest that in severe COVID-19, multi-organ failure is associated with a hyperinflammatory state (the so-called “cytokine storm”) in combination with the development of a prothrombotic state. The central role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the disease is to date accepted, but the precise mechanisms underlying the associated coagulopathy remain unclear. Whether the alterations in vascular homeostasis directly depend upon the SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells or, rather, occur secondarily to the activation of the inflammatory response is still a matter of debate. Here, we address the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein on the activation of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC). In particular, the existence of an endothelium-macrophage crosstalk in the response to the spike protein has been explored. Methods and Results. The effect of the spike protein is addressed in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC), either directly or after incubation with a conditioned medium (CM) of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) previously activated by the spike S1 protein (CM-MDM). Both MDM and HLMVEC are activated in response to the S1 protein, with an increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, when HLMVEC are exposed to CM-MDM, an enhanced cell activation occurs in terms of the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-coagulant markers, and chemokines. Under this experimental condition, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, the chemokines CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP1, and CXCL10/IP-10 as well as the protein tissue factor (TF) are markedly induced. Instead, a decrease of thrombomodulin (THBD) is observed. Conclusion. Our data suggest that pro-inflammatory mediators released by spike-activated macrophages amplify the activation of endothelial cells, likely contributing to the impairment of vascular integrity and to the development of a pro-coagulative endothelium

Espécies de moscas-branca associadas à cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) e parasitoides de Bemisia tuberculata (Bondar, 1923) nos Estados do Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná.

Entre as diversas espécies de insetos pragas que atacam a mandioca na região Centro-Sul do Brasil, causando danos à produção, destaca-se a mosca-branca, que tem apresentado surtos populacionais elevados nos últimos anos. A mosca-branca causa danos na mandioca através da sucção direta da seiva (floema) provocando clorose e queda foliar, fumagina e algumas espécies são transmissoras de viroses (BELLOTTI et al., 2012). Para essa região há poucas informações sobre as espécies de mosca-branca que estão presentes nas áreas produtoras de mandioca e seus controladores naturais. Poucos taxonomistas têm se dedicado à identificação das espécies de ocorrência nessa cultura. Considerando que há diferenças em relação à biologia, dinâmica populacional e potencial de dano entre as espécies (CABALLERO, 1994), a correta identificação é de grande importância para o manejo e controle deste inseto. Fato este importante, principalmente por não haver no Brasil produtos químicos registrados para controle de mosca-branca em mandioca, sendo, portanto, de fundamental importância a ação dos agentes de controle biológico associados à cultura e para tal o conhecimento das espécies de ocorrência natural. Dentre os agentes de controle biológico de mosca-branca, os parasitoides tem relevante importância no controle natural dessas espécies. No Brasil são citadas as espécies Encarsia aleurothrixi Evans & Polaszek, 1998 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Encarsia hispida De Santis, 1948 e Eretmocerus sp., associadas a mosca-branca na cultura da mandioca na região nordeste (HERNÁNDEZ et al., 2009), no entanto, para a região Centro- Sul não se tem informações a esse respeito. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as espécies de mosca-branca associadas à cultura da mandioca e os parasitoides de Bemisia tuberculata (BONDAR, 1923) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) de ocorrência nos estados do Mato Grosso do Sul e do Paraná

Desmopressin Stimulates Nitric Oxide Production in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Desmopressin (dDAVP) is the best characterized analogue of vasopressin, the endocrine regulator of water balance endowed with potent vasoconstrictive effects. Despite the use of dDAVP in clinical practice, ranging from the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus to bleeding disorders, much remains to be understood about the impact of the drug on endothelial phenotype. The aim of this study was, thus, to evaluate the effects of desmopressin on the viability and function of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). The results obtained demonstrate that the vasopressor had no cytotoxic effect on the endothelium; similarly, no sign of endothelial activation was induced by dDAVP, indicated by the lack of effect on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules. Conversely, the drug significantly stimulated the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase, NOS2/iNOS. Since the intracellular level of cAMP also increased, we can hypothesize that NO release is consequent to the activation of the vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R)/guanylate cyclase (Gs)/cAMP axis. Given the multifaceted role of NOS2-deriving NO for many physio-pathological conditions, the meanings of these findings in HLMVECs appears intriguing and deserves to be further addressed

Monocytes from infliximab-resistant patients with Crohn's disease exhibit a disordered cytokine profile

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by immune response dysregulation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of CD, as indicated by the efficacy of anti-TNF-alpha therapy with infliximab (IFX). However, approximately 30-40% of CD patients fail to respond to IFX with still unclear underlying mechanisms. This study compares the inflammatory phenotype of monocytes from CD patients, who respond or non-respond to IFX. Under basal conditions, the mRNA for the cytokines TNF alpha, IL-23, IL-1 beta and the chemokines CXCL8/IL-8, CCL5/RANTES and CCL2/MCP-1 was up-regulated in monocytes from non-responders than responders. The expression of the same cytokines and CCL2/MCP-1 was higher in non-responders also upon LPS treatment. Moreover, higher secretion of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IFN gamma and IL-2 proteins occurred in the supernatants of LPS-treated non-responders cells. Resistance to IFX in CD may result from a transcriptional dysregulation of circulating monocytes, leading to hyperactivation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Monocytes' cytokine profile may thus represent a predictive marker of response to IFX. Monocytes were isolated from blood samples of 19 CD patients (11 responders, 8 non-responders) and incubated with or without LPS. Cytokine profiles were assessed by RT-qPCR and, in the supernatants, by ELISA assay

Efeito de produto a base de azadiractinano controle de Sitophilus zeamais Mots.1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

O milho, ao ser armazenado, fica vulnerável a diferentes intempéries, dentre elas, o ataque de pragas como o Sitophilus zeamais, que causa grande perda de peso e qualidade dos grãos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, avaliar o potencial de utilização do produto a base de azadiractina (Azamax®) no controle de S. zeamais. O produto foi aplicado em cinco diferentes doses (0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5%) mais a testemunha (água destilada), utilizando cinza como veículo. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em cinza, 1:1 (p:v) e deixado secar, sendo posteriormente aplicação em 100g de grãos. Adicionaram-se a esses grãos 10 adultos de S. zeamais. A avaliação de mortalidade foi realizada aos 10 dias após aplicação. Foi observado eficiência de controle de 60% na dose de 0,5%.Edição dos resumos do I Congresso Paranaense de Agroecologia ?Pinhais/PR?29 e 30/05/2014

Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Lentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick-cooking, nutritious, plant-based source of protein in the human diet. Lentil varieties are usually grown close to where they were bred. Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperatures and shifts in lentil crop production areas, necessitating expanded breeding efforts. We show how we can use a daylength and temperature model to identify varieties most likely to succeed in these new environments, expand genetic diversity, and give plant breeders additional knowledge and tools to help mitigate these changes for lentil producers.This research was conducted as part of the ‘Application of Genomics to Innovation in the Lentil Economy (AGILE)' project funded by Genome Canada and managed by Genome Prairie. We are grateful for the matching financial support from the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Western Grains Research Foundation, the Government of Saskatchewan, and the University of Saskatchewan. We acknowledge the support from our international partners: University of Basilicata (UNIBAS) in Italy; Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS) in Spain; Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Morocco, India and Bangladesh; Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD) in Nepal; and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA CRIS Project 5348-21000-017-00D) in the USA, for conducting field experiments in their respective countries

mTOR Controls Ovarian Follicle Growth by Regulating Granulosa Cell Proliferation

We have shown that inhibition of mTOR in granulosa cells and ovarian follicles results in compromised granulosa proliferation and reduced follicle growth. Further analysis here using spontaneously immortalized rat granulosa cells has revealed that mTOR pathway activity is enhanced during M-phase of the cell cycle. mTOR specific phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and 4E-BP, and expression of Raptor are all enhanced during M-phase. The predominant effect of mTOR inhibition by the specific inhibitor Rapamycin (RAP) was a dose-responsive arrest in the G1 cell cycle stage. The fraction of granulosa cells that continued to divide in the presence of RAP exhibited a dose-dependent increase in aberrant mitotic figures known as anaphase bridges. Strikingly, estradiol consistently decreased the incidence of aberrant mitotic figures. In mice treated with RAP, the mitotic index was reduced compared to controls, and a similar increase in aberrant mitotic events was noted. RAP injected during a superovulation regime resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the numbers of eggs ovulated. Implications for the real-time regulation of follicle growth and dominance, including the consequences of increased numbers of aneuploid granulosa cells, are discussed

Inter-layer Adhesion Performance of Steel Packaging Materials for Food Cans Under Retort Conditions

The steel packaging industry faces the dual challenge imposed by legislation to eradicate the use of Chrome(VI) from sub- strate manufacture and the removal of Bisphenol-A (BPA) from the organic lacquer at the point of food contact. The paper reports on an experimental investigation into the quality of adhesion between the coatings and substrates as a result of the retort process, typically the harshest conditions to which the materials will be exposed. In terms of adhesion, the novel Chrome(III) substrates show promise when compared with current Chrome(VI) substrate. There is a significant reduction in the adhesion of the polyester-based Bisphenol-A non-intent lacquers compared to the incumbent epoxy-phenolic lacquers. Adhesion performance is lower with an increase in retort temperature and time of exposure. The adhesion further reduces in mild acidic and saline conditions. The reduction in adhesion post-retort is attributed to the sensitivity of the polyester-based BPANI lacquers to water vapour absorption. The process reversible nature of the adhesion loss indicates that, at short time- scales, the adhesion loss is a result of polyester hydrolysis. Acidic and saline solutions also lead to a reduction in adhesion as a result of metal surface corrosion. The paper has impact on producers, fillers and consumers of steel packaging foodstuff