2D 영상에서 시간 특징과 지역적 특징의 분석을 통한 사람 포즈 검출 및 추적

학위논문 (박사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 융합과학기술대학원 융합과학부(지능형융합시스템전공), 2021. 2. 곽노준.2D human pose estimation and tracking aim to detect the location of a person's parts and their trajectory. A pose is composed of parts of a person, and a person's part is an element of the body such as arms, legs and head. Pose estimation technique is being utilized both industrially and academically. For example, in a home training system, pose detection can detect the user's pose and help the user correct the posture. Also, in human action recognition research, human pose information can be exploited as a helpful supplementary information. In order to apply human pose studies to real-world systems, the model is required to be of high performance and also light enough to run in a real-time manner. In this paper, we have focused on improving accuracy. We have considered how to utilize the feature values to achieve high accuracy using the spatial and temporal features. Spatial feature means characteristic values such as textures, patterns, and postures that can be extracted from images. We have made better use of the spatial feature by dividing it into local and global features. The global feature is likely to include a large number of parts, while the local feature focuses on a relatively small number of parts. First, we have proposed a structure that can use the global-local feature at the same time to improve the performance. The global network intensively learns the global feature, and the local network can learn various regional information from images. The local network performs as a function of refining the pose detected in the global network sequentially. To prove the efficiency of the proposed method, experiments have been conducted on the Leeds sports dataset (LSP) data, which is one of the single-person pose estimation datasets. Secondly, we define the rare pose using global feature and solve the imbalance in poses. First of all, the poses are classified using location information of the entire pose. Experiments have shown that the poses are distributed around certain poses (standing poses, upper body poses, etc.), and an imbalance between them apparently exists. We have proposed methods such as weighted loss, synthesizing rare pose data, etc. to resolve the imbalance. Experiments are conducted using MPII and COCO data, which are widely used in multi-person pose estimation. The temporal feature refers to the varying information of poses along the time. It is usually recommended to use time information when analyzing objects in a video. Therefore thirdly, we have estimated and tracked the poses with a map that expresses the change of a person's movement. The network learns the spatial and temporal maps together to create synergy between each other. The experiment has been conducted in multi-person pose tracking data, Posetrack 2017 and 2018. Even if the proposed three methods improve different issues, utilized together. For example, a new structure is a top-down approach and has parallel two deconvolutions for spatial (Heatmap) and temporal map (TML). Additionally, the rare pose data augmentation and the local network are applied to increase performance. Thus, adopting three methods is available to improve performance and more extensible in the pose estimation field.2D 이미지에서 사람의 포즈를 검출하는 연구는 사람의 파트들의 위치를 검출하는 것을 목표로한다. 포즈는 사람의 파트들로 구성되어 있고 사람의 파트는 팔, 다리, 머리 등으로 사람을 구성하는 신체의 요소들을 의미한다. 사람의 포즈 정보는 다양한 분야에서 활용 될 수 있다. 또한, 사람의 동작 감지 연구 분야에서는 사람의 포즈 정보가 매우 훌륭한 입력 특징 값으로 사용된다. 사람의 포즈 검출 연구를 실제 시스템에 적용하기 위해서는 높은 정확도, 실시간성, 다양한 기기에 사용 가능하도록 가벼운 모델이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 정확도를 개선하는 연구에 초점을 맞췄다. 높은 정확도를 달성하기 위해서 특징값을 어떻게 활용할지에 대해 고민을 했으며, 지역적 특징값과 시간 특징값을 사용해서 문제를 개선했다 지역적 특징값은 사람의 텍스쳐, 형태와 같은 특징을 표현하는 것을 의미한다. 우리는 지역적 특징 값을 다수의 파트를 담고 있는 Global feature 와 소수의 파트를 담고 있는 Local feature로 분류해서 문제를 접근했다. 첫번째로는 global-local feature 을 동시에 사용해서 성능을 개선하는 연구에 집중했다. Global feature을 집중적으로 학습하는 네트워크와 다양한 형태의 local 정보를 학습 할 수 있는 local network을 설계했다. Local network에서는 global network에서 검출한 포즈를 다시 한번 개선하는 역할을 수행한다. 제안된 방법의 효율성을 증명하기 위해서 single-person pose estimation 데이터 중 하나인 Leeds sports dataset (LSP) 데이터에서 실험을 수행했다. 두번째로는 global한 정보를 통해 희귀한 포즈를 검출해서 포즈의 불균형을 해소해 성능을 개선하는 연구를 수행했다. 우선적으로 포즈 데이터 내에서 전체 포즈의 위치 정보를 사용해서 포즈들을 분류했다. 실험 결과, 일정 포즈를 (서있는 포즈, 상반신만 있는 포즈 등) 중심으로 포즈들이 분포 된며 포즈 간의 불균형이 있음을 밝혀냈다. 우리는 포즈 간의 불균형을 해소하기 위해 weight loss, generate rare pose data 등의 방법을 제안했다. 제안된 방법의 효율성을 증명하기 위해서 multi-person pose estimation 데이터에서 많이 사용되는 MPII와 COCO 데이터에서 실험을 수행했다. 시간 특징값은 시간 흐름에 따른 움직임 변화값을 의미한다. 동영상에서 객체를 분석하기 위해서는 시간 정보를 활용하는 것이 좋다. 그래서 세번째로 우리는 사람의 움직임 변화를 맵으로 표현해서 포즈를 추적했다. 이때 포즈의 지역적 특징값과 같이 학습해서 서로간의 시너지 효과를 낼 수 있도록 네트워크를 제안했다. 제안된 방법의 효율성을 증명하기 위해서 multi-person pose tracking 데이터인 posetrack 2017 과 2018에서 실험을 수행했다. 본 논문에서는 지역적 특징과 시간적 특징을 활용해서 포즈의 성능을 개선하는 방법들을 제안했다. 서로 다른 문제들을 해결했지만 나아가 하나로 묶여 문제를 해결 할 수 있다. 예를들어, top-down 형태의 네트워크 구조에서 Heatmap과 TML을 각각 학습 할 수 있는 평행적 구조의 decovolution network을 제안 할 수 있다. 여기에 Heatmap의 성능 개선을 위해 local network와 rare pose data augmentation 방식 또한 추가할 수 있다. 이렇게 제안된 방법을 결합해서 더 나은 포즈의 성능을 개선 할 수 있는 방법들이 제안 될 수 있다.Abstract i Contents iii List of Tables vi List of Figures viii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Spatial feature 3 1.1.1 Global-local network 4 1.1.2 Exploring rare pose estimation using global pose information 5 1.2 Temporal feature 6 2. Related work 8 2.1 Single-person pose estimation 8 2.2 Multi-person pose estimation 10 2.3 Multi-person pose tracking 14 2.4 Datasets and measurements 15 2.4.1 Leeds Sports Pose (LSP) dataset 16 2.4.2 MPII dataset 16 2.4.3 COCO 2017 keypoint dataset 17 2.4.4 PoseTrack 19 3. Single-person pose estimation 22 3.1 Global-local Network 24 3.2 Experiments 28 4. Rare pose estimation 39 4.1 Identification of Rare Pose 39 4.2 Enhancing the performance of rare pose estimation 41 4.2.1 Duplication of Rare Pose Samples (DRP) 42 4.2.2 Addition of Synthetic Rare Pose data (ASRP) 43 4.2.3 Weighted Loss based on Cluster Distance (WLCD) 47 4.2.4 Divide and Conquer Strategy for pose estimation (DACP) 48 4.3 Experiments 48 4.3.1 Results of Rare Pose Identification 50 4.3.2 Results of Proposed Methods 57 5. Multi-person pose estimation and tracking 62 5.1 Temporal flow Maps for Limb movement (TML) 65 5.2 Multi-stride method 69 5.3 Inference 70 5.4 Experiments 74 6. Future work 81 Abstract (In Korean) 97 감사의 글 99Docto

A Systematic Review of School-bullying Interventions for Children and Adolescents in Korea

Purpose: Bullying is a global problem, and various programs are under way to prevent it. The purpose of this study was to review school bullying interventions for Korean school-age children and adolescents. Methods: Online databases such as RISS, KISS, DBpia, NDSL and KMBASE were searched, identifying 32 intervention studies published from January 2009 to November 2018. Results: Thirty-two intervention studies were identified: 23 included school bullying prevention and 9 included school bullying treatment for victims or youth at high risk for bullying. The main purpose of preventive intervention was to decrease the bystander's attitude toward group bullying and treatment program was to improve the psychosocial adaptation of bullying victims. The school bullying interventions varied from group counseling, social skills training, art therapy, bibliotherapy using role-play, game & activities. Classroom environment variables and self-esteem, peer-related variables improved significantly after the school bullying prevention programs and school bullying treatment programs, respectively. Conclusion: There is potential for enhancing the outcomes of the behavioral, interpersonal psychological variable. Integrated interventions considering the individuality, gender and physical health of children and adolescents will also be needed. However, a rigorous study design is required to compensate for the methodological limitations

Association between daily protein intake and cardiometabolic risk factors and metablic syndrome in Korean elderly women: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009~2013

Background: The Rrecommended daily aAllowances (RDA) of for protein is increasing in recent studieshas increased in recent studies. However, virtual protein intake is lower than the RDA in the majority of Korean elderly Korean women. ObjectPurpose: This study was performed to evalauate the relationship between protein intake, and cardiometabolic risk factors, and metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly Korean women group. Methods: This study used the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey administered from for 5years in 2009~2013. We performed multivariate analysis for on the association of between protein intake with and cardiometabolic risk factors including body weight, weight circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and HDL. We controlled for age, physical activity, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, total fat intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Then weWe then performed logistic regression analysis to study of the associateion with metabolic syndrometo assess association with metabolic syndrome. Results: Protein intake was inversely associated with BMI and, weight circumference, ,whereas a positive association was observed between protein intake and HDL cholesterol, especially in the normal weight group. Protein intake also haswas also association associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: In this study, protein intake is was related associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome. We recommend sufficient protain protein intake in elderly women to decrease cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome.ope

Association between Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Korean Adults of Age 30 Years and Older without Diabetes, Hypertension, Renal Failure, or Overt Proteinuria: The 2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria and obesity markers are known risk factors for cardiovascular or renal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of microalbuminuria according to body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity criteria. METHODS: The study subjects included 3,979 individuals aged 30 years or older who did not have diabetes, hypertension, renal failure, or overt proteinuria, from among those who participated in The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013, a cross-sectional, nationally representative, stratified survey. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g. BMI and waist circumference were classified according to the Asia-Pacific criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be 5.1%. In the normoalbuminuria group, 3.4%, 41.7%, 24%, 27.6%, and 3.2% of participants were included in the underweight, normal, overweight, obesity 1, and obesity 2 groups, respectively. These percentages in the microalbuminuria group were 7.1%, 34.5%, 19.2%, 28.6%, and 10.6%, respectively (P<0.001). The waist circumference in men was 21.4% in the normoalbuminuria group and 36.5% in the microalbuminuria group (P=0.004). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the presence of microalbuminuria and BMI or waist circumference groups. The risk of microalbuminuria was significant only in the underweight group (odds ratio, 13.22; 95% confidence interval, 2.55-68.63; P=0.002) after adjusting for confounding factors, abdominal obesity was not significantly associated with microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in a general population in Korea was associated with underweight in men and was not associated with waist circumference in either men or women.ope

Association between sleep duration and bone mineral density density in Korean adults over 18years old: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010

Background: Sleep duration is associated with many diseases, yet few studies have been performed on the association between sleep duration and bone mineral density(BMD) in Korea. In this study we investigated the association between sleep duration and bone mineral density in adults over 18 years of age. Methods: Subjects of this study were adults over 18 years of age who responded to a questionnaire on sleep duration and underwent BMD measurement by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Comprehensive data on the study sample was obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KHANES) conducted in 2010. Age- and sex-stratified multiple regression analyses were conducted with adjustment for possible confounding factors. Results: There was an inverse, dose-dependent association between sleep duration and BMD measured in the total femur, femur neck, lumbar spine and total bone in both women over 50 years of age and men between 30 and 49 years of age. Sex-stratified multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index revealed a negative correlation between sleep duration and BMD in the total femur and femur neck in both genders over 50 years of age, as well as in women between ages 30 and 49. Initial significance disappeared after adjustment for additional covariates including smoking, alcohol, and exercise. Conclusion: Significant variations in regional BMD with sleep duration were observed among women and men between ages 30 and 49. Prolonged sleep duration appears to be a risk factor for low bone mineral density. Thus, adequate sleep duration is important for preventing osteoporosisope

The experience of fathering a young child with severe congenital heart disease

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 간호학과 간호학전공, 2015. 8. 채선미.현대사회는 맞벌이의 증가와 아버지의 중요성이 재발견되면서 아버지의 역할이 대두하고 있다. 그러나 중증 선천성 심장병 아동의 탄생은 부모에게 장기적인 부담을 주며 아버지의 역할수행 능력을 저해할 수 있으므로 관심이 필요하다. 중증 선천성 심장병 아동 아버지의 경험은 남성성과 한국사회의 인습의 영향으로 현실에는 잘 드러나지 않는다. 그러므로 우리의 간호대상자이자 아동의 양육 주체로서의 아버지는 간과되기 쉽다. 본 연구는 중증 선천성 심장병 아동 아버지의 부성경험은 어떠한가?라는 연구 문제를 통해 아버지의 경험과 변화 그리고 이러한 경험들이 아버지에게 주는 의미에 대해 심층적으로 이해하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구는 연구자가 속한 서울대학교 간호대학의 연구 대상자 보호 심의위원회의 심의를 받은 후 2015년 2월부터 3월에 걸쳐 선천성 심장병 관련 온라인 커뮤니티 1곳을 통해 참여자를 선정하였고 자료가 포화 될 때까지 자료 수집이 진행되었고, 최종 9명이 선정되었다. 본 연구의 참여자는 5세 이하의 선천성 심장병 자녀를 둔 아버지 9명으로 2015년 2월 1일부터 3월 30일까지 자료를 수집하였고 주로 참여자의 직장 근처 또는 참여자의 집에서 심층면담이 이루어졌다. 면담시간은 평균 1시간 30분가량 이루어졌다. Braun & Clarke (2006)의 질적 주제분석 방법을 이용하여 분석하였고 총 72개의 코드 진술은 본 연구자에 의해 분석과 해석이 되어 다음의 3가지 주제(themes)와 9개의 하위주제(sub-themes)로 도출되었다. 본 연구에서 도출된 주제는 다음과 같다. 제 1 주제 치명적인 심장병으로 시작된 참담한 고통에서는 아버지는 유교문화권의 영향으로 자신이 무너지면 가정 또한 무너진다는 생각이 내재하여 자신의 약한 모습이나 힘들어하는 감정 표현을 꺼리므로 드러내진 않지만, 아이의 심장병으로 인해 괴로워하는 경험을 다룬다. 하부주제인 청천벽력 같은 선천성 심장병 진단과 수술, 끝없이 이어지는 걱정: 재수술, 후유증, 되살아난 울면 안 돼 의 신화는 이러한 아버지의 심리적인 고통의 원인과 특성을 표현한다. 제 2 주제 천신만고(千辛萬苦) 끝에 자아 성찰에서는 아이의 출산 결정 순간부터 시작된 아버지의 대처 경험을 다룬다. 중증 선천성 심장병 아동 아버지로 살아가기 위해서는 필연적으로 상황을 해결하여야 하는데, 아버지들은 사회적 지지를 갈구하면서 현실을 헤쳐나가려고 노력하였고 연속되는 절망 속에서 자아 성찰을 통해 행복의 기준을 바꾸고 주어진 삶의 의미를 다시 생각하는 기회를 가졌다. 제 3 주제 변화된 아버지의 삶에서는 현재의 삶을 수용하면서 아이의 존재 자체에 소중함을 느끼고 아이의 성장 과정에서 얻는 기쁨을 경험하는 아버지를 다룬다. 본 연구에서 참여자들은 치명적인 심장병을 가진 아이의 탄생과 함께 부담감이 증가하여 심리적인 고통을 겪지만 대처하는 과정을 통해 주어진 삶을 수용하고 아이의 소중함과 기쁨을 경험하였다. 중증 선천성 심장병 아동 아버지의 삶은 여러 제한과 불안이 내재하지만 아버지는 대처를 통해 일상적인 삶을 살아가고 있었다. 이 과정에서 아버지 역시 상당한 심리적인 고통을 받았으며 주변의 위로와 도움을 필요로 하였다. 중증 선천성 심장병 아동 아버지가 되는 과정은 정상 아동의 아버지 되기 과정과 큰 틀에서는 크게 다르지 않았지만, 더 많은 심리적인 고통을 겪고 더 많은 대처를 사용하는 점은 다르다. 본 연구는 아버지를 아동의 회복과정에 포함하는 가족중심 중재의 방향을 모색하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다. 아버지를 헤아리고 아버지가 아동의 돌봄에 참여할 수 있는 여건이 마련된다면 아버지의 고통과 대처에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이며 이것은 순환적으로 중증 선천성 심장병 아동의 행복감에도 도움이 될 것이다.Fathers role has gained attention with the advent of modern society because of the increase of dual income family and the importance of the father's role. But sudden diagnosis of a severe congenital heart disease of a child gives parents psychological, physical and economic difficulties and as the child's surgery accompanies the risk of re-surgery and after-effects, it places long term burden for the parents, which is serious since it lowers the role-playing ability of a father. However, since distress of father is not easily revealed in reality due to masculinities to maintain sense of control and influence of confucian conventions of society of Korea. So It is easy to overlook the role of a father as our nursing client and caregiver for a child. This study aims to explore and more fully understand the fathering experience of young children with severe congenital heart disease in the process of growth from the birth of the child and on what meaning this experience to the father and what changes to the father. After obtaining the approval of the Seoul National University Human Subjects Review Board, data were gathered from February to March 2015. For recruiting the participants, one online communities related to congenital heart disease were used. Sampling continued until data saturation was reached and finally 9 subjects were involved. Interviews were audio-recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Participants of this study were 9 fathers with children under age 5 who underwent heart surgery within recent 5 years. Duration of interviews lasted 1 and a half hour on average. Using the thematic analysis method of Braun and Clarke, a total of 72 code statements were analyzed and interpreted by the author of this study and following 3 themes and 9 sub-themes were drawn out. The 3 themes were (1) Heart-breaking suffering from severe congenital heart disease (2) Self-reflection after a great struggle (3) A changed life of a father. The core result of this study on fathering experience was that although paternal responsibility and burden increase with the birth of the child with severe congenital heart disease and parents suffer from predicaments during fight against disease and in course of the child's growth, parents come to accept given life through the course of coping and experience the value of the child's existence itself and the joy of growth process of the child. In this process, although father's suffering can be overlooked because a father of a child with severe congenital heart disease suppresses his own emotions, the father also suffers from considerable psychological distress and thus needs help as well. In coping with that situation, a father uses many coping strategies. Even though the fathering of young child with severe congenital heart disease is not very different from that of general fathers, the father is different in that he suffers from more psychological distress and uses more coping than general fathers do. This study explored fathering experience of young children with severe congenital heart diseases including paternal distress, coping strategies, changing role and lives of the fathers from the birth of children through the process of growth. These findings will help seek out directions of family centered care which involves fathers in the process of children's caring and nurturing. Meanwhile, this study also suggests that more attention should be paid to the support for the mental health of the fathers of children with severe congenital heart diseases. More than anything else, the study pointed out that medical staff should involve fathers in the treatment of the children with positive attitude. Understanding fathers and preparing conditions in which fathers can actively participate will help cope with pains fathers suffer, which in turn help enhance the sense of happiness growing children experience.Ⅰ. 서론 1 1. 연구의 필요성 1 2. 연구의 목적 4 Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 5 1. 중증 선천성 심장병 5 2. 선천성 심장병 아동 부모의 경험 8 3. 남성성(masculinities) 11 Ⅲ. 연구방법 12 1. 연구설계 12 2. 연구대상 12 3. 자료수집절차 14 4. 자료분석 16 5. 연구결과의 질 확보 18 Ⅳ. 연구결과 19 1. 제 1 주제: 치명적인 심장병으로 시작된 참담한 고통 24 1) 청천벽력 같은 선천성 심장병 진단과 수술 24 (1) 엄청난 충격 24 (2) 하염없이 슬픔 25 (3) 아이의 죽음에 대한 공포 25 (4) 죄책감과 미안함 26 (5) 출산선택에 대한 고민과 양가감정 26 (6) 심장병에 대한 정보 부족 27 2) 끝없이 이어지는 걱정: 재수술, 후유증 28 3) 되살아난 울면 안 돼 의 신화 29 2. 제 2 주제: 천신만고(千辛萬苦) 끝에 자아 성찰 32 1) 현실을 헤쳐나가려는 노력 32 2) 사회적 지지를 갈구함 34 3) 절망 속에 찾은 의미 36 3. 제 3 주제: 변화된 아버지의 삶 38 1) 일상이 된 심장병 아동 아버지의 삶 38 2) 존재 자체가 소중한 내 자식 39 3) 아이의 작은 진전이 주는 기쁨 39 Ⅴ. 논의 41 1. 중증 선천성 심장병 아동 아버지의 경험에 대한 고찰 41 2. 연구의 제한점 49 3. 간호학적 의의 50 Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 51 1. 결론 51 2. 제언 52 참고문헌 53 부록 63 Abstract 71Maste

Effects of an online health management program for adolescents with complex congenital heart disease during their transition to adulthood

학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 간호대학 간호학과, 2022. 8. 채선미.With advances in diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients to adulthood has steadily increased. Patients with complex CHD are prone to suffer from complications later in life. To improve the quality of life and health of adults with complex CHD, it is important for adolescents with complex CHD to learn health knowledge and self-management skills for their own health during the transition period to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to develop an online health management program for adolescents with complex CHD and to evaluate its effects on self-efficacy, health behavior, and health-related quality of life. Adolescents with complex CHD aged 12-19 years were recruited from June 2021 to January 2022 through one hospital and one online community. A randomized controlled trial design was used. Among the 28 adolescents, 14 were allocated to the experimental group and 14 were allocated to the control group. The intervention group received an online health management program developed based on self-efficacy theory. The contents of the intervention included disease knowledge, lifestyle management (physical activity, eating behavior, sleep behavior), as well as emotional and vocational domains for managing the transition to adulthood. The program comprised 4 online group education sessions (60 minutes each), 1:1 telecoaching, dietary diary feedback, and health information uploads via Facebook, delivered over 4 weeks. The control group received only the usual care. Data were collected from August 2021 to March 2022 using a questionnaire and an ActiGraph accelerometer. Program satisfaction was assessed after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, the independent t-test, and generalized estimating equations using SPSS version 25. The average age of the participants was 15.29 years old, and 16 were male and 12 were female. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in health self-efficacy (p=.003) and psychosocial impact (p=.013). In the analysis of health behavior, the intervention group showed significant increases in daily step counts (p=.011) and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) (p=.027), as well as decreased weekday sedentary behavior (p=.042), weekend leisure time sedentary behavior (p=.035), and convenience food consumption (odds ratio [OR] 9.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64 to 51.26). However, sleep behavior (p=.507) was not significantly different between groups. In a content analysis of program satisfaction, more than half of the participants answered that it was helpful to learn information about how to keep their hearts healthy, and to plan and practice diet and exercise themselves through the program. The online health management program for adolescents with complex CHD had significant effects on self-efficacy, health behavior and psychosocial impact. This program can be usefully applied in communities, and it can be used as a basis for education and clinical trials related to the self-management of adolescents with complex CHD for a healthy transition to adulthood.선천성 심장병 진단 및 치료기술의 발전으로 선천성 심장병 환자의 성인기 생존율이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 복잡 선천성 심장병 환자는 생애 후기에 더 많은 합병증 겪을 수 있으므로 정기적인 병원진료를 받아야 하며 건강한 생활습관 관리가 필요하다. 복잡 선천성 심장병 환자의 장기적인 건강 및 삶의 질을 향상하려면 성인기로의 이행 시기에 자신의 건강에 대해 배우고 관리하는 방법을 배우는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 복잡 선천성 심장병 청소년의 성인이행기 건강관리 능력의 향상을 위한 온라인 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 자기효능감, 건강행위, 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 시행하였다. 본 건강관리 프로그램은 Bandura의 자기효능감을 기반으로 ADDIE 모형에 따라 개발되었다. 프로그램의 효과 평가를 위하여 무작위 대조군 전후 실험연구를 수행하였다. 연구참여자는 복잡 선천성 심장병을 진단받은 만 12–19세 청소년이며, 실험군 14명, 대조군 14명으로 총 28명이다. 연구 기간 동안 실험군 청소년에게는 운동, 식이, 수면, 심리, 직업탐색을 포함한 온라인 성인이행기 건강관리 프로그램이 4주간 제공되었다. 성인이행기 온라인 건강관리 프로그램은 온라인 그룹 교육(총 4회, 매 60분), 개별전화코칭(총 4회, 매 10-20분), 매주 페이스북을 통한 교육자료 제공, 건강수첩 기록 및 식이피드백으로 구성되었다. 대조군은 별도의 중재가 제공되지 않았다. 자료수집 기간은 2021년 8월~2022년 3월이며, 자료는 프로그램 참여 전, 프로그램 종료 직후와 종료 4주 후에 수집하였다. 자료수집 방법은 자가보고 설문과 액티그래프(ActiGraph wGT3X-BT)를 이용하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS 25 프로그램을 이용하여 서술적 통계, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, generalized estimating equations으로 분석하였으며, 프로그램 만족도는 내용분석 하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 참가자들의 평균 연령은 15.29세였으며, 남자가 16명, 여자가 12명이었다. 성인이행기 온라인 건강교육 프로그램을 제공한 후 실험군에서 대조군 참여자에 비해 건강 관리 자기효능감(p=.003), 심리사회적인 영향(p=.013) 점수의 시간에 따른 변화량에 유의한 증가가 있었다. 건강행위에서는 실험군에서 대조군 참여자에 비해 일일평균 걸음수(p=.011), 중-고강도 신체활동(MVPA)(p=.027)의 시간에 따른 변화량에 유의한 증가가 있었으며, 주중평균(p=.042) 및 주말여가목적 좌식 시간(p=.035), 편의식품의 섭취(OR=9.17, 95% CI: 1.64~51.26)에서 유의한 감소가 있었다. 그러나 수면행동에서는 그룹과 시간에 따른 변화량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 프로그램 만족도 분석 결과, 참여자들은 건강에 대한 지식을 배운 것과 일상생활 속에서 건강관리 목표를 세우고 실천해 본 것이 도움이 되었다고 하였다. 본 연구에서 제공한 온라인 성인이행기 건강관리 프로그램이 복잡 선천성 심장병 청소년의 건강관리 자기효능감, 건강행위, 심리사회적인 영향에 도움이 되는 중재임을 확인하였다. 본 프로그램은 복잡 선천성 심장병 청소년의 성인이행기 건강 교육과 임상연구에 기초로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.Ⅰ. 서 론 1 1. 연구의 필요성 1 2. 연구의 목적 4 3. 용어 정의 5 Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 8 1. 선천성 심장병 청소년의 성인이행기 관리 8 1) 질병에 대한 지식 8 2) 생활습관 관리 9 3) 심리사회적인 문제 12 4) 적합한 직업 탐색 13 2. 선천성 심장병 청소년 대상 성인이행기 프로그램 14 3. 선천성 심장병 청소년 대상 건강 관련 프로그램 18 Ⅲ. 개념적 기틀 및 연구가설 23 1. 연구의 이론적 기틀 23 2. 연구가설 26 Ⅳ. 연구방법 27 1. 온라인 성인이행기 건강관리 프로그램 개발 27 2. 온라인 성인이행기 건강관리 프로그램 평가 41 Ⅴ. 연구결과 51 Ⅵ. 논 의 80 1. 온라인 성인이행기 건강관리 프로그램의 효과 80 2. 연구의 의의 87 3. 연구의 제한점 89 Ⅶ. 결론 및 제언 90 1. 결 론 90 2. 제 언 91 참고문헌 92 부록 107 Abstract 120박

시스템 생물 정보학을 이용한 구강질환 환자의 유전자 변이 분석

DoctorOral diseases are a frequently occurring disease linked to multi-factorial traits with various environmental and genetic causalities and no known concrete pathogenesis. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is one of the oral disease affected by genetic factors. Peri-implantitis is one of the famous gum diseases. The varying severity of Peri-implantitis among patients with relatively similar environments suggests a genetic aspect which needs to be investigated to understand and regulate the pathogenesis of the disease. BP-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ), one of the complications linked to the consumption of BP, greatly affects patients with minor dental trauma, incurring a long healing period. Our study aims to identify genetic variants associated with oral diseases by applying whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analyses such as gene set enrichment analysis and protein functional association network study. For this study, patients and unrelated individuals had relatively healthy lifestyles, with minimal environmental causalities affecting oral diseases were chosen for genome sequencing. Fisher’s exact test was carried out to assess the significance of genetic variants in oral disease patients group. Gene set enrichment analysis and functional association analysis among genetically altered genes were used to reveal related functions. The results from this study suggest that each oral diseases are genetically associated molecular functions

Systematic bioinformatics analysis of the functional diversity of plasma membrane proteins

MasterCells can respond to environment by sensing and translating extracellular signals to stimulate internal responses that lead to changes in gene expression and phenotypic alterations. Plasma membrane proteins accept and transmit a variety of extracellular signals so that structural diversity is necessary to achieve functional diversity. However, plasma membrane proteins happen to fall into fewer families and folds compared to soluble proteins and how such functional diversity was achieved for plasma membrane proteins is need to be understood. Here, we investigated the interplay among subcellular localizations, tissue specific expression and protein-protein interaction network and found that dynamic rewiring of protein-protein interactions is the key process to obtain the functional diversity of the plasma membrane proteins. To reveal this, we analyzed 11,043 human transcripts across 79 different tissues. Plasma membrane proteins were found to be co-expressed with their interacting partners in a fewer number of tissues than other subcellular localizations and their partners were different in each tissues. Moreover, we measured diversity of function of partners for each protein and found that partners of plasma membrane proteins have different function annotation, which perform different function if their partners are changed by expression regulation. Our result suggest that alternative expressions of interacting partners could lead to rewire protein-protein interactions under different tissue conditions, which would provide the key mechanism to achieve functional diversity for adapting to tissue specific environment

시스템 생물 정보학을 이용한 구강질환 환자의 유전자 변이 분석

DoctorOral diseases are a frequently occurring disease linked to multi-factorial traits with various environmental and genetic causalities and no known concrete pathogenesis. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is one of the oral disease affected by genetic factors. Peri-implantitis is one of the famous gum diseases. The varying severity of Peri-implantitis among patients with relatively similar environments suggests a genetic aspect which needs to be investigated to understand and regulate the pathogenesis of the disease. BP-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ), one of the complications linked to the consumption of BP, greatly affects patients with minor dental trauma, incurring a long healing period. Our study aims to identify genetic variants associated with oral diseases by applying whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analyses such as gene set enrichment analysis and protein functional association network study. For this study, patients and unrelated individuals had relatively healthy lifestyles, with minimal environmental causalities affecting oral diseases were chosen for genome sequencing. Fisher’s exact test was carried out to assess the significance of genetic variants in oral disease patients group. Gene set enrichment analysis and functional association analysis among genetically altered genes were used to reveal related functions. The results from this study suggest that each oral diseases are genetically associated molecular functions