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    Xanthomonas albilineans Cas2 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏน์Šค ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ต์‚ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ดํ•ด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์—…์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋†์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 2. ์„œ์ •์šฉ.The CRISPR-Cas system confers prokaryotes an adaptive immunity. The system integrates a small genetic fragment from invader into the host CRISR-locus as a memory of infection. Distinctively, each types of the system carries different organizations of CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), which are featured by their roles in certain steps of the immunity - acquisition, expression, and interference. Among various Cas proteins, Cas2 is the most conserved protein that functions as a scaffold cooperating with Cas1 during the acquisition step. Although studies have demonstrated the intrinsic metal-dependent nuclease activity of Cas2, the unnecessary role of its nuclease activity for proper acquisition process arises questions to the possession and mechanisms of its activity. Moreover, especially in type I-C, all of known Cas2 crystal structures are catalytically inactive conformational states, which makes even more ambiguous to understand the procedures for its nuclease activity to take place. Thus, in this study, we have investigated the solution state of Xanthomonas albilineans Cas2 (XaCas2) to provide direct mechanistic evidences for its nuclease activity. Based on NMR experiments, residual dipolar couplings (RDC) analysis have resulted that XaCas2 adopts an inactive conformation in solutionand, the NMR relaxation data indicates that the active site and hinge regions possess highly dynamical motion as for the driving force of conformational change. In conclusion, the results suggest that XaCas2 is thermodynamically stable as inactive conformation in solution, and the forces from highly dynamic regions allow catalytically active conformation when encounter genetic substrates and preferred metal ions. Taken together, the intrinsic function of Cas2 can be explained by a dynamic equilibrium of conformational states that serves as a scaffold and as a nuclease on demand.1. Introduction 1 1.1 The prokaryotic adaptive immune system, CRISPR-Cas system 1 1.2 The functional and structural characteristics of Cas2 2 2. Materials and methods 5 2.1. Cloning, protein expression, and purification 5 2.2. Multi-angle light scattering 8 2.3. Nuclease activity assay 8 2.4. NMR Spectroscopy 8 3. Results and discussion 10 3.1. XaCas2 exhibits metal- and pH-dependent nuclease activity 10 3.2. XaCas2 adopts a catalytically inactive conformation in solution 14 3.3. The linker region and the metal binding site is highly dynamic 25 3.4. Model for the conformational transition 33 4. References 36 Abstract in Korean 40Maste

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    ใ€ˆ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ 4๋…„์ œ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๊ณผ์ • ์ œ๊ณต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์˜์˜ใ€‰ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก, ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ์†Œ์ง€์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ยท์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋น„์ „ํ†ต์  ์„ฑ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์Œ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€(Community College)์—์„œ๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋˜ 2๋…„์ œ ์ค€ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ์™ธ์— 4๋…„์ œ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๊ณผ์ •๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์Œ. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ „๊ณต์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2010๋…„์—๋Š” 18๊ฐœ์ฃผ 54๊ฐœ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์—์„œ 465๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋จ. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ œ๋„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ๋ ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด์˜ด. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 20์—ฌ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์Œ. ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ ํ•™์œ„๊ณผ์ • ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” 2010๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œกํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ ์ฃผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ใ€Ž์„ ์ง„ํ•ด์™ธ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌใ€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ํ•™์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ์ œ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ. ใ€ˆ๋…์ผ์˜ ์‚ฐํ•™์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œกใ€‰ ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ๋…์ผ์‚ฐ์—…๋Œ€ํ•™(Fachhochschule)๊ณผ ์ง์—…์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ(Berufsakademie)์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•จ. ์‚ฐ์—…๋Œ€ํ•™์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…ํ•™์‹œํ—˜(Abitur)์„ ์น˜๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง์—…์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ž…ํ•™์ž๊ฒฉ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜„์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ๊ณ ๊ธ‰๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž„. ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 2002๋…„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ต์œก๋ฌธํ™”๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ง‘ โ€œFachhochschulen in Germany(๋…์ผ ์‚ฐ์—…๋Œ€ํ•™)โ€๊ณผ Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ๋ผ์ธํ•˜๋ฅด๋“œ(Reinhard)์˜ 2006๋…„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ โ€œThe German Berufsakademie Work-Integrated Learning Program: A Potential Higher Education Model for West and East(๋…ธ๋™์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ๊ต์œก ์ œ๋„์ธ ๋…์ผ ์ง์—…์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ: ๋™์–‘๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์—์„œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ๋ชจ๋ธ)โ€์ž„. ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋…์ผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ†ต๊ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์ผ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž„. ใ€ˆํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™(Ammattikorkeakoulu) ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์ธ๊ตฌ, ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ โ€˜Fachhochschulenโ€™, โ€˜Ammattikorkeakouluโ€™, โ€˜University Collegeโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„ํ•˜์— ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒํ–ฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก ์„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ‹€์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์งœ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ โ€œํ•™๋ฌธ์  ํ‘œ๋ฅ˜(academic drift)โ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” โ€˜์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ฅ , ์งˆ, ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅโ€™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2011~2014๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘๊ถŒํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์œ ํ•œ๋ฒ•์ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋‹จํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํฌ๋ฎฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฌ์ •์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    [๋™ํ–ฅ] ํ•ด์™ธ

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    ใ€ˆ์ผยทํ•™์Šต ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ํ›„๊ธฐ์ค‘๋“ฑ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ํ˜„ํ™ฉใ€‰ ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ํ›„๊ธฐ์ค‘๋“ฑ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์˜ ์ผยทํ•™์Šต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ํ˜„์žฅํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ธ ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์ค‘์•™๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์—ฐ๋งน๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋”ฐ ์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต, ๋•€ํŽ˜๋ ˆ ์ง€์—ญ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์›€์˜ ์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฐœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ใ€Œํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์งˆ ๋ณด์ฆ๋ฐฉ์‹ใ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์žฌํŽธ์ง‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ… . ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์ค‘๋“ฑ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ฐœ์š” โ–ก ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ โ–ก ํ•™๊ต๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก โ–ก ๋„์ œํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก โ…ก. ์ง์—…๊ณ ์˜ ์ผยทํ•™์Šต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ โ–ก ์ง์—…๊ณ  ๊ต๊ณผ๊ณผ์ • โ–ก ํ˜„์žฅ ํ•™์Šต(On-the-job learning) โ–ก ๋„์ œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ(Apprenticeship) โ–ก ํ˜„์žฅํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ…ข. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด โ–ก ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ ์ค‘์•™๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์—ฐ๋งน(Suomen Ammattiliittojen Keskusjarjesto, SAK) โ–ก ํ›„๊ธฐ์ค‘๋“ฑ์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ โ–ก ์ง์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ โ…ฃ. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ใ€ˆ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ด์›ํ™” ๊ต์œก : ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™(Verwaltungsfachhochschulen)์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœใ€‰ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ด์›ํ™” ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ง์—…ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ง ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ง ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ์ด์›ํ™”์ง์—…๋Œ€ํ•™์ธ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ง ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ •๊ทœ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ง ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ •(Referendariat)์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๋…์ผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ด์›ํ™” ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•จ. ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 3๋…„ ๋˜๋Š” 4๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ํ˜„์žฅ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ž„. ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ง ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•จ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์กธ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์œผ๋กœ ์ž„์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—… ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์—…์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹˜. ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 2004๋…„ ์˜ˆ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌํžˆ ์‰ด๋Ÿฌ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ โ€œ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œก (Die Ausbildung in den Verwaltungsfachhochschulen der Laender als Bildungseinrichtung des tertiaeren Bereichs)โ€๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์œกํ†ต๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ข… ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ์ž„. โ… . ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐœ๊ด„ โ–ก ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ โ–ก ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋น„๊ต โ–ก ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ โ–ก ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ์ž„์šฉ โ–ก ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์›์น™(Laufbahnprinzip) โ…ก. ๋ฐ”๋ด-๋ทฐํ…œ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ทธ์ฃผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • โ–ก ์˜ˆ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ โ–ก ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ โ–ก ์กธ์—…์ƒ์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๊ธฐ

    ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต,2008.2.Maste

    ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต์ด ๊ณ ์ฐจ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๊ณต,2004.Maste

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    Thesis(doctors)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๋ถ€,2008.2.Docto

    (The) relationship between occupational stress and health-related behaviors in middle-sized manufacturing workers

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    ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง๋ฌด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰์œ„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2006๋…„ 3์›” 9์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™๋…„ 4์›”12์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๊ฑด์„ผํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 50์ธ ์ด์ƒ 300์ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ 215๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์ค‘ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ทจ์ง€์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ 642๋ช…์„ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ 17๋ฌธํ•ญ(์ง์—…ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์ค€ ํฌํ•จ), ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰์œ„ ์‹ค์ฒœ 11๋ฌธํ•ญ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์ง๋ฌด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์š”์ธ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ 27๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ SPSS 12.0 Window๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ๊ฒ€์ •, t-๊ฒ€์ •, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„, ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง๋ฌด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๋‚จ์ž, ์ดํ˜ผ/์‚ฌ๋ณ„/๋ณ„๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ธต, ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์ ์€ ์ธต, ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์ธต, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฌด์š”๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž, 30๋Œ€์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น, ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ์ „๋ฌธ์ง์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ธต์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž, 50๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์ดํ˜ผ/์‚ฌ๋ณ„/๋ณ„๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ, ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์ ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ธฐํƒ€์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋…„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 5๋…„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์—์„œ, ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฌด๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์€ 30๋Œ€์—์„œ, ๊ณ  ํ•™๋ ฅ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ธต์—์„œ, ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ 50์ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ธฐํƒ€์—…์ข…์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด 100๋งŒ์› ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ 300์ธ ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ƒ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆ์€ ์—ฌ์ž, ํ•™๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ 50์ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ธต์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ง์žฅ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง, ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ธต์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์ง๋ฌด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰์œ„ ์‹ค์ฒœ ์ •๋„์—์„œ ์šด๋™ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œจ์€ ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด 251๋งŒ์› ์ด์ƒ, ๊ธฐํƒ€์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋…„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ํก์—ฐ์œจ์€ ๋‚จ์ž, ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ธต์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผ2ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์Œ์ฃผ์œจ์€ ๋‚จ์ž, ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€์กธ, ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…์ด 201๋งŒ์›-250๋งŒ์›์—์„œ, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 7์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ฒœ์œจ์€ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋…„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์  ์‹์‚ฌ์œจ์€ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.8๊ฐœ ์ง๋ฌด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ•˜๋ถ€์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–‰์œ„ ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ง๋ฌด์š”๊ตฌ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์กฐ์ง์ฒด๊ณ„, ๋ณด์ƒ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆ, ์ง์žฅ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 7์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ง๋ฌด์ž์œจ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํก์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด 0.62๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง์žฅ๋ฌธํ™” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฃผ 2ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ ์Œ์ฃผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด 0.58๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทœ์น™์  ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด 0.67๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]For the past decades, a growing body of research has documented that occupational stress plays a crucial role in increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. Recent studies have reported that health-related behaviors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise and sleep disorder influence the process between occupational stress and health. This study was carried out to examine the relationship between occupational stress and health-related behaviors in middle-sized manufacturing workers.A total of 642 workers were recruited in this study, and they were asked socio-demographics, 5 health-related behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, regular meal, and sleep disorder), and 27 items of occupational stress using a self-administered questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 12.0 for Windows.In univariate analyses, regular exercise was associated with monthly income, religion and tenure. Cigarette smoking was significantly higher in workers who are male, unmarried, no child, higher educated, paid higher monthly income, and in an intermediate position. Alcohol consumption (โ‰ฅ2 days/week) was associated with sex(male), marital status(unmarried), no children, education(college graduated), monthly income, and working type(blue collar). 7-hour sleep was related to marital status(married), having child, and tenure (โ‰ฅ20 years). Regular meal, finally, was higher in workers who were married, having child, and unskilled. In the result of logistic regression analyses to investigate the relation of 8 sub-scales of occupational stress to health-related behaviors, organizational system, insufficient reward system, and occupational climate of the 8 sub-scales of occupational stress were increased the risk of sleep problems (<7 hours/day), and dangerous or hazardous physical environment was associated with regular exercise and regular meal.These results suggest that occupational stress may have a significant effect on the practice of health-related behaviors, although positive findings between occupational stress and all health-related behaviors were not found, and play a pivotal role in the process of stress-illness relationship.ope

    [์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ] ๋…์ผ ๊ณต์ธํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์—…(Anerkannte Ausbildungsberufe) : ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ •

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    โ… . ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธ€ โ…ก. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์—…๋ฌด 1. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ 2. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ 3. ์ƒ๋‹ด๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 4. ์ตœ์‹  ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์Šต๋“ โ…ข. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 1. ํ•™๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ฐ€. ํ•™๋ ฅ ๋‚˜. ์ž์งˆ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 2. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์–‘์„ฑํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ œ๋„ 3. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์›์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ์–‘์„ฑํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ฐ€. 1์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ๊ณผ์ • ๋‚˜. 2์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ๊ณผ์ • ๋‹ค. 3์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ๊ณผ์ • 4. ์ง์—…ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์›์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก 5. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ƒ ์›”๊ธ‰ โ…ฃ. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์ข…๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ง์—…์ „๋ง 1. ์กธ์—…์‹œํ—˜ 2. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์›”๊ธ‰ 3. ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์—…์ „

    [์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ] ๋…์ผ ๊ณต์ธํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์—…(Anerkannte Ausbildungsberufe) : ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํŒ๋งค์›(Informations- und Telekommunikationssystem - Kaufmann/Kauffrau) ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ •

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    โ… . ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธ€ โ…ก. ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํŒ๋งค์›์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์—…๋ฌด 1. ์˜์—… ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ƒ๋‹ด 2. ๋ฐฉํ™”๋ฒฝ(Firewall)๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์—…๋ฌด ์ง€์› 3. ์ตœ์‹  ์ •๋ณด ์Šต๋“ โ…ข. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 1. ํ•™๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ฐ€. ํ•™๋ ฅ ๋‚˜. ์ž์งˆ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 1) ๊ด€์‹ฌ 2) ์—…๋ฌดํƒœ๋„์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ 3) ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ง€์‹ ๋ฐ ์ˆ™๋ จ์˜ ์ „์ œ 2. ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐ€. ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํŒ๋งค์› ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์›์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ์–‘์„ฑํ›ˆ๋ จ 1) 1์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ๊ณผ์ • 2) 2์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ๊ณผ์ • 3) 3์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ๊ณผ์ • ๋‚˜. ์ง์—…ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก ์›์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ƒ์˜ ์›”๊ธ‰ โ…ฃ. ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํŒ๋งค์› ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์ข…๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ง์—… ์ „๋ง 1. ์กธ์—…์‹œํ—˜ 2. ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํŒ๋งค์› ์›”๊ธ‰ 3. ํ–ฅ์ƒํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์—… ์ „
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