59 research outputs found

    The Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment Affecting to Corrosion Resistance of Copper and Copper Alloy

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    Copper is a well known alloying element that is used to improve the resistance to general corrosion of stainless steel as well as copper alloy. And Cu cation have the anti-fouling effect to inhibit adhesion of marine algae and shellfish to the surface of heat exchanger cooling pipe or outside wall of the ship. Therefore there are some anti-fouling methods using the copper such as anti-fouling paint mixed with copper oxide or MGPS(Marine Growth Preventing System) by using Cu cation dissolved to the sea water solution. However, although a copper have the anti-fouling effect, it cannot be avoided that copper and copper alloy materials were inevitably corroded in sea water solution with dissolved oxygen or chloride ion when a heat exchanger was constructed with copper and copper alloy for anti-fouling. Therefore in order to get the synergic effect of the anti-fouling as well as corrosion resistance it is necessary to improve corrosion resistance of copper and copper alloy by some optimum methods. In this study, the annealing heat treatment to promote the corrosion resistance in sea water solution was investigated with a electrochemical point of view. Annealing heat treatment was carried out with parameters of heating temperature such as 100℃, 200℃, 700℃, 800℃, 900℃ and 1000℃ for 1 hr. The corrosion resistance was evaluated with electrochemical methods such as variation of corrosion potential, anodic and cathodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, AC impedance, SEM photograph and vickers hardness measurement etc. Chapter 3.1 shows the effect of annealing heat treatment to the corrosion resistance of pure copper. The grain size of the surface at 700℃ annealing temperature was the smallest than that of other annealing temperatures, and the corrosion potential showed more positive potential than that of other annealing temperatures. The galvanic current between Ti and Cu with annealing temperature at 700℃ was the largest value in case of non-flow condition, however in case of flow condition its value was the smallest than that of the other temperatures. Therefore in order to increase anti-fouling effect by Cu cation, in non-flow condition of sea water, the optimum annealing temperature was 700℃ for one hour, however in case of flow condition non heat treatment might be desirable. In chapter 3.2, the corrosion resistance with annealing heat treatment was investigated about Cu-10%Ni alloy. Vickers hardness value was decreased with increasing of heating temperature. However corrosion resistance showed the increasing tendency with increasing of heating temperature. Especially it was shown that corrosion resistance was clearly promoted by annealing temperature at 1000℃ more than other temperatures. Annealing temperature at 200℃, vickers hardness increased than other temperatures and corrosion resistance was slightly improved compared to the no heat treatment. So in case of considering the mechanical property as well as corrosion resistance, it is considered that the desirable heating temperature may be 200℃ . Chapter 3.3 was examined about Cu-30%Ni alloy in sea water solution with a electrochemical point of view. Vickers hardness was decreased with increasing heating temperature the same as Cu-10%Ni alloy. However in annealing temperature at 200℃, vickers hardness contrary increased than both no heat treatment and other heating temperature. The improvement of corrosion resistance was also observed with annealing heat treatment the same as Cu-10%Ni alloy. Especially in case of Cu-30%Ni alloy, corrosion resistance was apparently improved in annealing heat treatment at 1000℃. Thus to improve the corrosion resistances in sea water as well as anti-fouling effect, the annealing heat treatment may be important for Cu-30%Ni alloy . Eventually, it is necessary to perform the annealing heat treatment for corrosion resistance improvement of Cu-Ni alloy material which is being used as a heat exchanger having the anti-fouling effect.λͺ© μ°¨ = β…° List of Figures = β…² List of Tableβ…Ή = β…² List of Photograph = β…Ήβ…³ Abstract = β…Ήβ…΄ 1. μ„œ λ‘  = 1 2. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ = 4 2.1. λΆ€μ‹μ˜ 이둠 = 4 2.1.1. λΆ€μ‹μ˜ 전기화학적 원리 = 7 2.1.2. μ–‘κ·Ήκ³Ό 음극의 μ •μ˜ = 10 2.1.3. λΆ€μ‹μ˜ λ°œμƒ = 11 2.1.4. κΈ°μ „λ ₯ 계열과 κ°ˆλ°”λ‹‰ 계열 = 13 2.1.5. λΆ€μ‹μ „μ§€μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ = 15 2.1.6. λΆ€μ‹μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ = 19 2.1.7. μ „μœ„(potential) = 23 2.1.8. μ „μœ„-pH도 = 27 2.1.9. λΆ„κ·Ή(polarization) = 29 2.1.10. μž„ν”Όλ˜μŠ€(impedance) = 34 2.2. ꡬ리(ιŠ…)와 κ·Έ ν•©κΈˆμ˜ νŠΉμ„± = 41 2.2.1. ꡬ리(ιŠ…copper)의 λΆ€μ‹νŠΉμ„± = 45 2.2.4. μžμ—°μˆ˜(θ‡ͺη„Άζ°΄)μ—μ„œμ˜ 뢀식 = 45 2.2.5. λ™ν•©κΈˆ(ιŠ…εˆι‡‘)의 뢀식 = 50 3. 연ꡬ결과 및 κ³ μ°° = 55 3.1. η΄”Cu의 내식성에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ˜ 영ν–₯ = 55 3.1.1. 연ꡬλͺ©μ  및 λ°°κ²½ = 55 3.1.2. μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• = 55 3.1.3. μ‹€ν—˜κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° = 56 3.1.4. κ²°λ‘  = 77 3.2. Cu-10%Ni ν•©κΈˆμ˜ 내식성에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ˜ 영ν–₯ = 78 3.2.1. 연ꡬλͺ©μ  및 λ°°κ²½ = 78 3.2.2. μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• = 79 3.2.3. μ‹€ν—˜κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° = 80 3.2.4. κ²°λ‘  = 132 3.3. Cu-30%Ni ν•©κΈˆμ˜ 내식성에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ—΄μ²˜λ¦¬μ˜ 영ν–₯ = 133 3.3.1. 연ꡬλͺ©μ  및 λ°°κ²½ = 133 3.3.2. μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• = 134 3.3.3. μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 및 κ³ μ°° = 134 3.3.4. κ²°λ‘  = 189 4. 총괄 κ²°λ‘  = 190 μ°Έ κ³  λ¬Έ ν—Œ = 192copper)의 일반적 μ„±μ§ˆ = 41 2.2.2. λ™ν•©κΈˆ(ιŠ…εˆι‡‘)의 μƒνƒœλ„(η‹€ζ…‹εœ–)와 νŠΉμ„± = 42 2.2.3. ꡬ리(

    Automatic Registration between Maxillofacial Cone-Beam CT and Dental Impression via Deep-Pose Estimation and Local Alignment Similarities

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 컴퓨터곡학뢀,2020. 2. μ‹ μ˜κΈΈ.컴퓨터 단측 촬영(Computed Tomography, CT) κ΅¬κ°•μ•…μ•ˆλ©΄ μ˜μƒκ³Ό ꡬ강 인상 λͺ¨λΈ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ˜μƒ 정합은 μž„ν”Œλž€νŠΈ, ꡐ정, μΉ˜κ³Όμ—μ„œ μ‹œν–‰λ˜λŠ” 외과적 수술 λ“±μ˜ κ³„νšμ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”λ° ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 역할을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 정합을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ κ³΅ν†΅λœ 뢀뢄에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μΉ˜μ•„ μ˜μ—­μ˜ 뢄할이 μ–΄λ ΅κ³ , CT μ˜μƒμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κΈˆμ†λ¬Ό ν—ˆμƒ(Metal Artifact)의 쑴재둜 인해 일반적으둜 μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ κ°œμž…μ„ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. 이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” CT μ˜μƒκ³Ό ꡬ강 인상 λͺ¨λΈ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ μ™„μ „ μžλ™ μ˜μƒ 정합을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€. νŠΉμ§•μ κ³Ό 같은 κ²½ν—˜μ μΈ 정보λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ , 전체 λ¬΄μΉ˜μ•… ν™˜μžμ˜ 데이터에도 μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 초기 정합을 μœ„ν•΄ 차원 μΆ•μ†Œλœ 2차원 이미지에 μ½˜λ³Όλ£¨μ…˜ 인곡 신경망(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)을 μ μš©ν•œ ν›„, 전체 μ˜μ—­μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ μ§€μ—­μ μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜λœ μ˜μ—­λ“€μ˜ κ°œλ³„ 정합에 이은 νˆ¬ν‘œ 과정을 톡해 졜적의 μ˜μ—­μ„ 찾은 ν›„ 전역적인 μ •ν•© κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»λŠ”λ‹€. 이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν•œ 방법을 기쑴의 방법에 λΉ„κ΅ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό μ΅œμ†Œ 30.77% μ—μ„œ μ΅œλŒ€ 70% ν–₯μƒλœ 정확도λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.Computerized image registration between maxillofacial cone-beam computed tomography (CT) images and dental impression model is a key element in surgical planning for dental implants, maxillofacial surgery, and orthodontic treatment. However, there are two main challenges to fully automate registration procedure: corresponding area segmentation in a multi-modal environment and robust initial registration. This paper proposes domain reduced deep-pose estimation that aligns 3d pose of images in a projected 2d domain and optimal area selection using local alignment similarity to overcome the aforementioned challenges. Experimental results show that: 1) proposed initial registration is robust to complete- and partial-arch impression 2) proposed procedure improves registration accuracy up to 70% in an image suffering from metal artifacts compare to existing iterative closest point (ICP) based approaches.제1μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제2μž₯ 배경지식 및 관련연ꡬ 3 제3μž₯ 초기 μ •ν•© κ³Όμ • 8 3.1 초기 μ •ν•©μ˜ 전체 흐름 8 3.2 μ˜μƒ 투영 및 μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 9 3.2.1 CT μ˜μƒ μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 9 3.2.2 ꡬ강 인상 λͺ¨λΈ μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 10 3.3 인곡 μ‹ κ²½λ§μ˜ ꡬ쑰 및 ν•™μŠ΅ 14 3.4 초기 μ •ν•© μˆ˜ν–‰ 14 제4μž₯ μ΅œμ’… μ •ν•© κ³Όμ • 16 4.1 μ΅œμ’… μ •ν•©μ˜ 전체 흐름 16 4.2 CT μ˜μƒ μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 17 4.3 ν΄λŸ¬μŠ€ν„°μ˜ μ •μ˜ 20 4.4 ν΄λŸ¬μŠ€ν„° 생성 및 κ°œλ³„ μ •ν•© 20 4.4.1 ν΄λŸ¬μŠ€ν„° 생성 20 4.4.2 κ°œλ³„ μ •ν•© 21 4.5 μ΅œμ’… μ •ν•© 21 4.5.1 졜적 ν΄λŸ¬μŠ€ν„° 선택 21 4.5.2 μ΅œμ’… μ •ν•© 23 제5μž₯ μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 24 5.1 초기 μ •ν•© μ‹€ν—˜ 및 κ²°κ³Ό 24 5.2 μžλ™ μ •ν•© μ‹€ν—˜ 및 κ²°κ³Ό 뢄석 28 제6μž₯ κ²°λ‘  36 제7μž₯ μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 37Maste

    Research on consumer preference for vehicle AVN product features and extraction of key technologies

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅ν•™μ „λ¬ΈλŒ€ν•™μ› μ‘μš©κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό, 2021. 2. ꡬ윀λͺ¨.μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ 정보 톡신 기술 ν™œμš© λŠ₯λ ₯이 ν–₯μƒλ˜κ³ , μžλ™μ°¨μ— 정보 톡신 기술 적용이 μΌλ°˜ν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ, μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 높은 μš”κ΅¬μ‚¬ν•­μ΄ 반영된 μ°¨λŸ‰ μΈν¬ν…ŒμΈλ¨ΌνŠΈ 개발이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ°¨λŸ‰ AVN(Audio Video Navigation)μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ†ŒλΉ„μžκ°€ μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯의 μš°μ„  μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 집쀑 μœ‘μ„±ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  핡심 기술 λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€. μ†ŒλΉ„μžκ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” AVN μ œν’ˆ κΈ°λŠ₯ νŒŒμ•…μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄ μƒν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†ŒλΉ„μž 리뷰λ₯Ό λΉ…λ°μ΄ν„°λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬, 잠재 λ””λ¦¬ν΄λ ˆ ν• λ‹Ή(LDA: latent dirichlet allocation) μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ 기반으둜 ν•œ ν† ν”½ λͺ¨λΈλ§ 뢄석을 톡해 ν‚€μ›Œλ“œ 별 토픽을 μΆ”μΆœν•˜μ˜€κ³ , κ°€μž₯ 높은 ν† ν”½ 비쀑(19.8%)의 Operation을 ν•„λ‘λ‘œ, Android-auto, Carplay, Radio&Audio, Install, Navigation, Wireless, Upgrade, Camera, Connectivity의 토픽듀이 λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 토픽듀을 고객의 λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•œ ν’ˆμ§ˆ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ „κ°œ(QFD: quality function deployment)λ₯Ό 톡해 μ†ŒλΉ„μž μš”κ΅¬ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ‹€ν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 핡심 기술 λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, Multi-Screen, Cartridge, Container, Phone Projection, Multi Modal, Wifi, AR, Bluetooth, HUD, SPM 순의 μš°μ„  μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” 기술 λΆ„μ•Όκ°€ μΆ”μΆœλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν’ˆμ§ˆ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ „κ°œμ˜ 고객의 λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬ μˆ˜μ§‘ 방법에 μžˆμ–΄, 기쑴에 주둜 ν™œμš©λ˜λ˜ 컨쑰인트 쑰사 방식 λ“±μ˜ μ„€λ¬Έ 방식 이외에, LDA ν† ν”½ λͺ¨λΈλ§μ— μ˜ν•œ 빅데이터 뢄석 방법을 ν™œμš©ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ κ·Έ 방법둠적 μ˜μ˜κ°€ 있으며, κ·Έ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ°¨λŸ‰ AVN μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ 핡심 기술 λ„μΆœ 및 μœ‘μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μ„ 지원할 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€.As consumers ability to utilize information and communi- cation technologies has been improved and the applications for automobiles have been generalized, it is necessary to develop vehicle infotainment that reflects the high consumer requirements regarding features. It was investigated the priority of the features required by consumers for vehicle AVN(Audio Video Navigation) products in this research and suggested a plan to derive key technical fields to be intensively trained. Leveraging consumer reviews of Amazon as big data to identify the features of AVN products that consumers consider important, topics by keywords were extracted by topic modeling analysis based on the LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) algorithm, such as Operation, which is the highest portion of topics(19.8%), Android-auto, Carplay, Radio&Audio, Install, Navigation, Wireless, Upgrade, Camera, and Connectivity. Using these topics as the voice of the customer, QFD(Quality Function Development) derived key technology that could realize consumer demand features and priority was followed by Multi-Screen, Cartridge, Container, Phone Projection, Multi Modal, Wifi, AR, Bluetooth, HUD and SPM. A big data analysis by LDA topic modeling was used as a method of collecting VoC for QFD in this study instead of the existing method such as the Conjoint survey and it is meaningful from the perspective of methodology. In addition, the research results are expected to support decision-making regarding the derivation and development of key technologies in the vehicle AVN product business.제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 연ꡬ동기 및 λͺ©μ  1 제 2 절 λ¬Έμ œμ •μ˜ 및 μ—°κ΅¬λ‚΄μš© 2 제 2 μž₯ λ°°κ²½ 지식 및 κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 4 제 1 절 ν…μŠ€νŠΈ λ§ˆμ΄λ‹ 기반 μ†ŒλΉ„μž μ„ ν˜Έ 뢄석 4 1. μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ 데이터 ν™œμš© 4 2. 데이터 λ§ˆμ΄λ‹ 5 3. κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 9 제 2 절 ν’ˆμ§ˆ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ „κ°œ 15 1. ν’ˆμ§ˆ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ „κ°œμ˜ μ •μ˜ 15 2. ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ 집 16 3. κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 17 제 3 μž₯ 연ꡬ 섀계 및 κ²°κ³Ό 22 제 1 절 μ‹€ν—˜ λͺ¨λΈ ꡬ상 22 제 2 절 LDA ν† ν”½ λͺ¨λΈλ§ μ‹€ν–‰ 23 1. 연ꡬ 절차 23 2. 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘ 24 3. 데이터 μ „ 처리 28 4. LDA μ‹€ν–‰ 및 ν† ν”½ λΆ„λ₯˜ 31 제 3 절 ν’ˆμ§ˆ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ „κ°œ μ‹€ν–‰ 38 1. 연ꡬ 절차 38 2. HOQμ‹€ν–‰ 및 뢄석 40 제 4 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  47 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 50 Abstract 54Maste

    Outcome of 3.5-mm Anatomical Locking Plates for the Treatment of Proximal Tibia Fractures Involving the Meta-Diaphyseal Junction

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    The clinical and radiological outcomes of proximal tibia fractures involving the meta-diaphyseal junction treated with unilateral 3.5-mm locking precontoured anatomical plates are reported. Thirty-nine patients (41 proximal tibia fractures) who had proximal tibia fractures with complete meta-diaphyseal dissociation were enrolled in the study. For all patients, immediate postoperative and final follow-up simple radiographs were evaluated to determine the quality of the reduction by assessing coronal and sagittal alignment. In cases of intra-articular involvement, articular reduction quality and condylar width were additionally assessed. Clinical outcomes were assessed by knee range of motion and Lysholm knee score at final follow-up. Immediate postoperative radiographs showed satisfactory results: medial proximal tibial angle within 87 degrees +/- 5 degrees in 87.8% (36 of 41), posterior tibia slope within 9 degrees +/- 5 degrees in 85.4% (35 of 41), less than 2-mm articular step or gap in 79.3% (23 of 29), and a condylar width difference within 5 mm compared with the femoral condyles in 93.1% (27 of 29). All reductions but 1 were found to have satisfactory maintenance of the initial reduction. At final follow-up, the mean knee range of motion and Lysholm knee score were 122.5 degrees (range, 100 degrees 135 degrees) and 75.8 (range, 50-100), respectively. A single lateral 3.5-mm plate fixation for proximal tibia fractures involving the meta-diaphyseal junction offers mechanically stable fixation with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes

    The determinants of quality of life of back pain patients

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    보건관리학과/석사[ν•œκΈ€]μƒν™œμŠ΅κ΄€μ˜ λ³€ν™” λ“±μœΌλ‘œ μ²™μΆ”μ§ˆν™˜ ν™˜μžλŠ” μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ²™μΆ”μˆ˜μˆ ν™˜μžλŠ” 수술 ν›„ μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” μš”ν†΅μ΄λ‚˜ λ°©μ‚¬ν†΅μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ μΌμƒμƒν™œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 두렀움과 λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λœλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μš”ν†΅ 이외에도 μš΄λ™μ œν•œ, 신경학적 손상 등이 λ™λ°˜λ˜μ–΄ 직μž₯μƒν™œμ΄λ‚˜ 생업 쒅사에도 μž₯μ• λ₯Ό 가져와 μ‚¬νšŒ, 경제적 어렀움을 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜κ³  λ§Œμ„±ν™”λ  경우 μ˜μš•μƒμ‹€, μžμ‹ κ° κ²°μ—¬, 우울, λΆˆμ•ˆ λ“± 심리적 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ 겹치게 λœλ‹€. μ²™μΆ”μ§ˆν™˜μ€ μ‚¬νšŒμƒν™œμ— 지μž₯을 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μž„μƒμ  μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλ§Œ λ΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ˜κ³ , μ‚¬νšŒμ‹¬λ¦¬μ  λ§₯락, 즉 μ‚Άμ˜ 질 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.이 μ£Όμ œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 관심과 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ„ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ˜λ£Œν˜„μž₯에 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 관심은 ν™˜μžμ˜ 치료 μ‹œ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 치료 ν›„μ˜ 관리에도 보닀 ν™˜μž 쀑심적이고 전인적인 접근이 κ°€λŠ₯토둝 ν•œλ‹€.κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ μ²™μΆ”μ§ˆν™˜ ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 싀정이닀. μ΄λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ μ˜λ£Œκ³„κ°€ ν™˜μžμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 전인적(holistic) μ ‘κ·Ό λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘ μœ„μ£Όμ˜ μ‹œκ°μ„ 가지고 μΉ˜λ£Œμ— μž„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ˜λ£Œκ³„μ˜ μ‹œκ° λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μœ λ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„ ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹œλ„λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. 이런 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ²™μΆ”μ§ˆν™˜ ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ„ λ°ν˜€μ„œ ꢁ극적으둜 μ‚Άμ˜ 질 κ°œμ„ μ— 도움이 될 기초자료λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ”λ° λͺ©μ μ„ 두고 μžˆλ‹€.이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ꡬ체적인 λͺ©μ μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μ„Έ 가지이닀: 1) ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμΈκ΅¬ν•™μ  νŠΉμ„±μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ°©λ²•, μž„μƒμ  μƒνƒœ, λŒ€μ‘μ— 차이가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€; 2) 치료 방법에 λ”°λΌμ„œ μž„μƒμ  μƒνƒœμ— 차이가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€; 3) μΉ˜λ£Œλ°©λ²•, μž„μƒμ  μƒνƒœ, λŒ€μ‘, μ‚¬νšŒμΈκ΅¬ν•™μ  νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€.뢄석 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€.첫째, ν™˜μžμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμΈκ΅¬ν•™μ  νŠΉμ„±μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ°©λ²•, μž„μƒμ  μƒνƒœ, λŒ€μ‘μ— 차이가 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, μ—°λ Ήκ³Ό 계측에 λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜μˆ λ°©λ²•, μž„μƒμ μƒνƒœ, 그리고 λŒ€μ‘μ— 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.λ‘˜μ§Έ, μΉ˜λ£Œλ°©λ²•μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ μž„μƒμ  μƒνƒœμ— 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•œ ν™˜μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ κ²½μš°μ— λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ μ¦μƒμˆ˜κ°€ μ μ—ˆκ³ , 톡증정도도 덜 ν–ˆλ‹€.μ…‹μ§Έ, μΉ˜λ£Œλ°©λ²•, μž„μƒμ  μƒνƒœ, λŒ€μ‘, μ‚¬νšŒμΈκ΅¬ν•™μ  νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•œ 경우 μ‚Άμ˜ 질이 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ‹€.μ‚¬νšŒμΈκ΅¬ν•™μ  λ³€μˆ˜ μ€‘μ—λŠ” μ—°λ Ήκ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒκ³„μΈ΅(특히 상λ₯˜μΈ΅ λͺ¨μ‘°λ³€μˆ˜) λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€λ‹€. μž„μƒμ  νŠΉμ„± μ€‘μ—λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 톡증정도가 μœ μ˜ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ‹€. 그리고 λŒ€μ‘ μ€‘μ—λŠ” μš΄λ™μ—¬λΆ€κ°€ ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 영ν–₯을 μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— 미친 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. [영문]ope

    이기쒅 κ°œμ²΄λ“€μ˜ μ‹€μ§ˆμ  동기화: 뢄석과 합성을 μœ„ν•œ 도ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 전기·컴퓨터곡학뢀, 2019. 8. μ‹¬ν˜•λ³΄.이기쒅 λ‹€ 개체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ λ™μž‘μ΄ μ—°κ²° 행렬이 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯΄κ³  λž­ν¬κ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κ²½μš°μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κ³΅λΆ€λœλ‹€ (즉, λž­ν¬κ°€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ°¨μˆ˜λ³΄λ‹€ μž‘μ€ 경우). 랭크 λΆ€μ‘± μ»€ν”Œλ§μ€ μ œν•œλœ μ •λ³΄μ˜ κ΅ν™˜μ„ ν—ˆμš©ν•˜κ³ , μ΄λŠ” 좜λ ₯ μ»€ν”Œλ§ ν•˜μ˜ λ‹€ 개체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 연ꡬ에 μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€. 이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 이기쒅 λ‹€ 개체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ‹¨μˆ˜ 섭동 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λŠ” μ’Œν‘œ λ³€ν™˜μ΄ μ†Œκ°œλœλ‹€. 느린 동역학은 μ°¨μˆ˜κ°€ μ μ–΄μ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ, μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ‹€ 개체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμœΌλ‘œμ„œ λͺ¨λ“  개체의 벑터 ν•„λ“œλ“€μ˜ 가쀑 평균과 개체의 λΆ€λΆ„ μ—­ν•™μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœλ‹€. 가쀑 평균은 응급 μ—­ν•™μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이λ₯Ό ν˜Όν•© 동역학이라 λΆ€λ₯Έλ‹€. 이 ν˜Όν•© 동역학을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν•©μ„±ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν˜ΉμžλŠ” μ»€ν”Œλ§ 이득이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 큰 경우의 이기쒅 λ‹€ 개체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ λ™μž‘μ„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 섀계할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ν˜Όν•© λ™μ—­ν•™μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ΄ μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€. 각 개체의 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ€ μš”κ΅¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, ν˜Όν•© λ™μ—­ν•™μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ€ 개체 κ°„ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ˜ κ΅ν™˜μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 얻어진닀. ν˜Όν•© λ™μ—­ν•™μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ°œμ²΄λ“€μ˜ 초기 쑰건이 μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 μžŠν˜€κ°μ„ μ•Œ 수 있고, λ”°λΌμ„œ μ„€κ³„λœ λ‹€ 개체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ λ™μž‘μ€ 초기 μƒνƒœμ™€ λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜λ©° ν”ŒλŸ¬κ·Έ μ•€λ“œ ν”Œλ ˆμ΄ μž‘λ™μ— μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€. μ‡ΌμΌ€μ΄μŠ€λ‘œμ„œ, μ œμ•ˆλœ λ„κ΅¬λŠ” 뢄석 및 ν•©μ„± λ¬Έμ œμ— μ μš©λœλ‹€. 생물학적 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, κ²°ν•©λœ λΌμ΄λ‚˜λ“œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ 동기 및 진동 λ™μž‘μ΄ λΆ„μ„λ˜κ³  μ˜€μž‘λ™ μš”μ†Œκ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ„ 집단행동이 λ³΄μ‘΄λ˜λŠ” 생물학적 ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ„€λͺ…λœλ‹€. 이기쒅 반 데λ₯΄ 폴 λ°œμ§„κΈ°μ˜ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ λ”μš± 세뢀적인 결과도 주어진닀. ν•œνŽΈ, 이 λ„κ΅¬λŠ” λΉ„ μ†Œμ‹€ 및 μ‹œκ°„ λ³€ν™” μΈ‘μ • λ…Έμ΄μ¦ˆκ°€ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ•…μ˜μ μΈ μ„Όμ„œ 곡격이 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ™€ 같은 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λΆ„μ‚° μƒνƒœ 좔정을 μœ„ν•œ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ ν•©μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 데도 μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ μ€ 곡학적인 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ  경우, 각 κ°œμ²΄κ°€ κ³΅ν†΅λœ κ°•ν•œ 이득을 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ , μ΄λŠ” 정해진 μ„±κ³Ό 기쀀을 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 전역적인 정보λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이닀. 이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 적응 μ œμ–΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ``κΉ”λŒ€κΈ° μ œμ–΄'' 기법을 μ±„νƒν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ ν•΄κ²°λœλ‹€. 이와 같이 μ •μ˜λœ ``κΉ”λŒ€κΈ° μ»€ν”Œλ§''은 우리의 μš”κ΅¬λ₯Ό λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λ©°, 미리 정해진 μ„±κ³Ό κΈ°μ€€λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 동기화λ₯Ό μ–»μœΌλ©°, κ³Όλ„κΈ°μ˜ μ„±λŠ₯ λ˜ν•œ 보μž₯ν•œλ‹€. ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λŠ” 이제 κ³΅ν†΅λœ λ‚΄λΆ€ λͺ¨λΈ 없이도 점근적 동기화λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€.The behavior of heterogeneous multi-agent systems is studied when the coupling matrices are possibly all different and/or singular (that is, its rank is less than the system dimension). Rank-deficient coupling allows the exchange of limited state information, which is suitable for the study of output coupling in multi-agent systems. In the thesis, a coordinate change that transforms the heterogeneous multi-agent system into a singularly perturbed form is presented. The slow dynamics is still a reduced-order multi-agent system consisting of a weighted average of the vector fields of all agents, and some sub-dynamics of agents. The weighted average is an emergent dynamics, which we call a blended dynamics. By analyzing or synthesizing the blended dynamics, one can predict or design the behavior of a heterogeneous multi-agent system when the coupling gain is sufficiently large. For this result, the stability of the blended dynamics is required. Since the stability of the individual agent is not asked, the stability of the blended dynamics is the outcome of trading stability among the agents. It can be seen that, under the stability of the blended dynamics, the initial conditions of individual agents are forgotten as time goes on, and thus, the behavior of the synthesized multi-agent system are initialization-free and suitable for plug-and-play operation. As a showcase, the proposed tool is applied to problems of analysis and synthesis. To participate in the understanding of a biological system, synchronous and oscillatory behavior of coupled Lienard systems is analyzed and a biological phenomenon that collective behavior is preserved even when there are some malfunctioning elements is illustrated. More detailed results are also given, for the network of heterogeneous Van der Pol oscillators. On the other hand, the tool is also used to synthesize algorithms for distributed state estimation under circumstances, for instance, when there exist a non-vanishing and time-varying measurement noise, or when there exists a malicious sensor attack. However, the problem in this research is that for an engineering purpose, the common strong gain should be known for each individual, which for some pre-defined performance criteria, requires global knowledge of the network. This problem is resolved by adopting a technique from adaptive control study, the ``funnel control.'' Thus defined ``funnel coupling'' suits our need, and only with pre-defined performance criteria, synchronization is achieved even with guaranteed transient performance. Interestingly, the network can now achieve asymptotic synchronization, even without a common internal model1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.1.1 Overview of Researches on Synchronization 1 1.1.2 Motivating Questions on Network of Heterogeneous Agents 3 1.2 Contributions and Outline of Dissertation 5 2 Behavior of a Network of Heterogeneous Scalar Systems under Strong Coupling 9 2.1 Problem Formulation 9 2.2 Robustness of Synchronization due to Strong Coupling and a Large Number of Agents 11 2.2.1 Robustness due to Strong Coupling 11 2.2.2 Robustness due to a Large Number of Agents 13 2.3 Utility of the Blended Dynamics Theory 17 2.3.1 Distributed Estimation of the Number of Agents in the Network 17 2.3.2 Distributed Optimization 19 2.4 New Insight into the Blended Dynamics: Quasi-steady-state Subsystem of the Whole Network 20 3 Behavior of a Network of Heterogeneous Systems under Rankdeficient Coupling 23 3.1 Problem Formulation 23 3.2 Coordinate Change for Singularly Perturbed Form 27 3.3 Limiting Behavior of a Network of Heterogeneous Systems under Rank-deficient Coupling and its Robustness 33 3.3.1 Special Cases for Utility 38 3.4 Generalization of Singular Perturbation Theory 41 3.4.1 Singular Perturbation Theory with Contraction Assumption 42 3.4.2 Singular Perturbation Theory with Compact Attractor Assumption 44 4 Analysis of the Synchronous and Oscillatory Behavior of a Biological System 49 4.1 Network of Heterogeneous Nonlinear Oscillators as a Biological Model 49 4.2 Synchronous and Oscillatory Behavior of a Network of Heterogeneous Linard Systems 51 4.2.1 Behaviors of the Blended Dynamics 54 4.2.2 Collective Behaviors of a Network of Heterogeneous Linard Systems 58 4.2.3 Simulation Results 62 4.3 Synchronous and Oscillatory Behavior of a Network of Heterogeneous Van der Pol Oscillators 63 4.3.1 Problem Formulation 63 4.3.2 Behaviors of the Blended Dynamics 69 4.3.3 Collective Behaviors of a Network of Heterogeneous Van der Pol Oscillators 78 5 Synthesis of Distributed State Observer 81 5.1 Problem Formulation 81 5.2 Rank-deficient Distributed State Observer 81 5.3 Distributed State Observer under Measurement Noise: Utilization of Distributed Least-squares Solver 83 5.3.1 Distributed Least-squares Solver 85 5.3.2 Distributed State Observer under Measurement Noise 91 5.3.3 Proofs 95 5.4 Distributed State Observer under Sensor Attacks: Utilization of Distributed Median Solver 98 5.4.1 Distributed Median Solver 101 5.4.2 Applicable Class of Systems 104 5.4.3 Distributed State Observer under Sensor Attacks 108 6 Limitation and its Possible Solution 119 6.1 Limitation: Common Knowledge on Coupling Gain 119 6.2 Possible Solution: Edge-wise Funnel Coupling Law 121 6.2.1 Synchronization of a Network of Heterogeneous Scalar Systems by Edge-wise Funnel Coupling 122 6.2.2 Recovery of the Blended Dynamics Behavior 134 6.2.3 Simulation Results 138 7 Conclusion of Dissertation 143 APPENDIX 147 A.1 Basic Graph Theory 147 A.2 Simple Proof on Tykhonovs Theorem 152 A.3 Converse Lyapunov Theorem for a Compact Set 155 A.4 Boundedness for Solution of (4.3.7) 158 A.5 Proof on Detectability Decomposition 160 BIBLIOGRAPHY 165 ꡭ문초둝 177Docto

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :건좕학과,2008.2.Maste

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    μ°©μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 생체 감지 μ „κ·Ήκ³Ό λ¬΄μ„ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ²°λœ 마이크둜 λ°”λŠ˜ 패치둜 κ΅¬μ„±λœ 인곡적인 항상성 쑰절 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 화학생물곡학뢀, 2018. 2. κΉ€λŒ€ν˜•.Homeostasis state regulation is the major role of human nerve and endocrine systems. Several factors such as blood glucose, cortisol hormone levels, electrolyte levels, and body temperature are detected and controlled by these systems. However, failure of human endocrine system causes many chronic diseases such as diabetes, depression, and high fever. Here, bio-inspired wireless platform integrated with wearable biosensor, smartphone networking, and wearable microneedle patch was proposed for artificial homeostasis regulation. Direct electron transfer (DET) electrode have been developed for wearable biosensor using vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT)-graphene (GP)-Au mesh structure for accurate biomarker detection from sweat. In addition, the drug-loaded microneedle is attached with wearable heater patch, enabling transdermal drug delivery with the sensor detection for closed-loop feedback. Finally, all these components are controlled by user-friendly smartphone application that mimic the human nerve system. Artificial regulation platform of human homeostasis provides a helpful tool for preventing chronic disease.1. Introduction . 11 2. Wearable electrochemical biosensors based on DET electrode. 15 2.1 Fabrication of wearable biosensors and characterization of DET electrode 15 2.2 Glucose, cortisol, potassium, temperature sensor based on DET electrode. 19 2.3 User-friendly data sharing with smartphone application. 27 3. Wirelessly-interconnected wearable microneedle patch. 31 3.1 Design and characterization of wearable microneedle patch actuator. 31 3.2 Characterization of wearable microneedle patch. 33 3.3 In vitro drug release test using actuator. 36 3.4 In vivo drug delivery to various type mice 41 4. Experimental section. 44 4.1 Fabrication process of wearable electrochemical biosensors. 44 4.2 Material analysis of DET electrode 44 4.3 Preparation of the electrochemical sensors. 45 4.4 Fabrication process of wearable heater. 47 4.5 Fabrication process of drug-loaded microneedle 47 5. Conclusion. 49 6. References 50Maste
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