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    ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด ์œ ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2019. 2. ์ด์ค€ํ˜ธ.์ง„ํ•ต ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. DNA ๋ณต์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง๋‹จ-๋ณต์ œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ DNA ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ง๋‹จ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง๋‹จ-๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด, ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์†Œ์‹ค๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง๋‹จ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์ด๋‹ค. ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์—ดํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์‹ค๋˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์ •์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ด๋จธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๋ถ„์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์•”์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•”์„ธํฌ๋Š” ํ…”๋กœ๋จธ๋ ˆ์ด์ฆˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์ „์‚ฌ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌดํ•œ์ • ์ฆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜ ์•”์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํ…”๋กœ๋จธ๋ ˆ์ด์ฆˆ ์—†์ด๋„ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด ๊ธธ์ด ์œ ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ „ (Alternative lengthening of telomere, ALT) ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšจ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์„ ์ถฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ํ…”๋กœ๋จธ๋ ˆ์ด์ฆˆ ์—†์ด๋„ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ALT๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค. ALT๋Š” ์ƒ๋™ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” DNA ๋ณต์ œ ๊ธฐ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ „์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฅ ๋ฐฐ์•„์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ (mouse embryonic stem cell, mESC) ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ALT์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๋ถ„์ž์  ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์œ ์ „์ฒด ์„œ์—ด๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ALT mESC์˜ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์„œ์—ด๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์„œ๋ธŒํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ฃผํ˜• ์„œ์—ด์ด ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์„œ์—ด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ผ์–ด๋“  ๋งŒํผ, ALT mESC์˜ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ALT์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์งˆ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ALT์˜ ๊ธฐ์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ALT ํŠน์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ, ๋น„์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํžˆ์Šคํ†ค์ธ HMGN1์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. HMGN1์€ ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜ค์ข€์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํžˆ์Šคํ†ค์ธ H1 ํžˆ์Šคํ†ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํžˆ์Šคํ†ค๋“ค์˜ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์งˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š์Šจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. HMGN1์ด ALT mESC์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ , HMGN1์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์˜ ์†์ƒ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด์˜ ์–‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์งง์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ HMGN1์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ALT ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ALT๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „ํ›„์˜ ์ฅ ๋ฐฐ์•„์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ALT ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์ž์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ์œ ์ „์ฒด, ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด, ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ฒด์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ฃผํ˜• ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด์™€ ํ›„์„ฑ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์กฐ์ ˆ์ž๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” HMGN1 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ฃผํ˜• ์„œ์—ด์„ ํ…”๋กœ๋ฏธ์–ด ์œ ์ง€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ํšจ๋ชจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์กด๋œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฅ ๋ฐฐ์•„์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ ALT ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ALT์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์  ๊ธฐ์ „๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ง„ํ™” ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.In order for eukaryotes to maintain genomic information, they must solve specific problems caused by their linear chromosomes: the end-replication problem due to the biochemical limitations of DNA replication machinery and the end-protection problem that must distinguish between DNA damage and the very end of the genome. If the two problems are not properly solved, the information of the terminal region is endangered to gradually disappear or to be damaged by incorrect processing. The special structure to solve these problems of the end is telomere. Telomere consists mainly of specific repeat sequences and their binding proteins. It is crucial in determining cell life and death to maintain telomere length and structure. Each time a cell divides, telomere is lost due to the end replication problem. When telomere length reaches a certain limit, it acts as a molecular timer to stop cell division or kill the cell. As a cell continues to divide beyond the limit, the genomic instability increases excessively and the cell is more likely to develop into a cancer cell. In other words, in order for cancer cells to cross the limit imposed by telomere, it is necessary to acquire a functional mechanism to preserve the length of telomere. Most cancer cells reactivate the reverse transcriptase, telomerase, to maintain telomere length and gain the ability to grow indefinitely. However, in some cancer cells, the phenomenon of maintaining telomere length without telomerase was observed, which is called alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT). It has been known that ALT can be widely present in nature, as there are examples of telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanism in some plants and animals. Although ALT has been known to be a DNA replication mechanism that relies on homologous recombination, the exact molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, I used mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) model to investigate the features and the molecular mechanisms of ALT. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed the unique sequence and structure of the telomere of ALT mESC. The most important feature was that the unique template sequence present in the subtelomere constituted telomere. It is a reliable hypothesis that telomeres of the ALT mESC maintain a unique protective mechanism, as non-telomeric sequences are highly involved, rather than the normal telomere repeats. To confirm this hypothesis, transcriptome and quantitative proteomic analysis were performed. As a result, I identified the pattern of gene expression changes following activation of ALT. The fundamental pathways enriched in ALT were transcriptional regulatory network and chromatin remodeling. I focused on the function of HMGN1 (high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1), a non-canonical histone, which was the most significantly increased in ALT mESC among the candidate genes presumed to be involved in the mechanism of ALT. HMGN1 can compete with the linker histone H1 and contribute to post-translational modifications of other histones, thereby loosening the chromatin structure. I confirmed that HMGN1 binds to the unique telomere of ALT mESC. In addition, the inhibition of the function of HMGN1 increased the degree of telomere damages, reduced the amount of transcripts produced in telomere, and shortened the telomere length. Therefore, it was confirmed that the change produced by HMGN1 is a necessary factor to keep ALT telomere stable. In this study, the molecular characteristics of ALT mESCs were examined in terms of genome, transcriptome, and proteome. The main feature is the distinct structure of the telomere produced by a unique template and HMGN1 protein acting as an epigenetic regulator. The phenomenon of using a unique template sequence for telomere preservation is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammal. The ALT model established in mESCs will contribute to understanding not only of the molecular mechanism of ALT but of the mechanism of evolution of the genome.TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Table of Contents vi List of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Introduction 1 What is telomere for? 2 Importance of telomere maintenance 3 Discovery of alternative mechanism of telomere maintenance 5 Possible molecular mechanisms of ALT 7 Molecular markers of ALT 10 Characterizing ALT-specific factors 11 Characteristics of subtelomere 12 Cases of the recruitment of subtelomeric sequences in ALT 13 Heterochromatin in telomere and subtelomere 14 TERRA is produced and has specific roles in telomere 16 Role of TERRA and R-loop in ALT 19 Purpose of this study 20 Materials and Methods 22 Results 39 Telomere of ALT mESC uses subtelomeric template 40 mTALTs are duplicated with a regular rule and a structure 43 ALT activation involves changes of RNA and protein expression 49 Local and global chromatin remodeling in post-ALT 51 Distinct protection mode of ALT telomere 56 HMGN1 is the novel ALT telomere binding protein 58 Discussion 64 741 ALT mESC as a model for ALT maintenance 65 mTALT has unique features to be recruited to telomeres 66 Potential mechanisms of mTALT duplication 69 The distinct telomere maintenance pathway of 741 ALT mESC 70 Unresolved terminal structure of mTALT-driven telomere 72 ALT initiation may not depend on the accumulation of genetic mutations 73 Potential roles of HMGN1 in ALT maintenance 74 How stemness is related to telomere maintenance 77 TERRA has a positive role in the protection of ALT telomere 79 Conclusion and perspectives 80 References 155 Abstract in Korean 163Docto

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    The Influence of HRD, Pay Level, and Usefulness of Job Skills on the Job Satisfaction of Old Salaried Workers and the Interaction Effects of Age

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธํŒจ๋„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ณ ๋ น์ž„๊ธˆ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น์€ ์ค‘๊ณ ๋ น์ž„๊ธˆ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” 50๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์œ ์ง€๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, 50๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 50๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์€ 50๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฌด์—์„œ ์Šต๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ด์ง์‹œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 50๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ณ ๋ น์ž์ž„๊ธˆ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ 50๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์œ ๋ฐœ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.As the proportion of older workers is increasing rapidly, the contribution of aged workers becomes important to firm competitiveness. As job satisfaction is a major determinant of job performance and attitudes, Korean companies should ensure the job satisfaction of aged workers. This study tests the process through which aged workers have positive attitudes toward their jobs. The empirical results of the present study reveal that the satisfaction of human resource development (HRD) program increases job satisfaction of workers at early 50โ€™s, while pay level and usefulness of job skills and competences contribute to job satisfaction of workers at late 50โ€™s. The empirical results suggest that Korean companies categorize aged workers into two groups: lower and higher than mid-fifties; and tailor human resources programs and policies to be consistent with different age categories
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