170 research outputs found

    ๋Œ€ํ˜•๋ณ‘์› ๋‚ด ์ž์›์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์ดํƒœ์ง„.์˜๋ฃŒ์ง€์‹์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ „๋ฌธํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž์ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž์ธ ํ™˜์ž ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ž์›์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ œ๊ณตํ–‰ํƒœ๋‚˜ ์–‘์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ์œ ์ธ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ ๋ก€์—†์ด ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์˜ ์ƒํ•œ์„ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€๋ถˆ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ž์›์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์–‘์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์ •๋ณด ์ทจํ•ฉ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž์›์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ค„์ง„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์˜์›๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ถœ๋ฒ”์ดํ›„ MRI, ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ธ‰์—ฌํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ƒํ•œ์•ก ํ•˜ํ–ฅ์กฐ์ •, ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ๋ณ‘์‹ค๋ฃŒ ๊ธ‰์—ฌํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณจ์ž๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ธ ์ผ€์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„์˜ ํฐ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฆ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ์ ๋ฆผํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ ๊ทน ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์™ธ๊ณผ๊ณ„์—ด(์ •ํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ, ์ด๋น„์ธํ›„๊ณผ), ๋‚ด๊ณผ๊ณ„์—ด(์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ๋‚ด๊ณผ, ์†Œ์•„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ)๋ณ„๋กœ ์ด 4๊ฐœ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด๋“ค ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ž์› ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต๋Ÿ‰์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ˜•๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ–‰ํƒœ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž…์›์œจ, ์žฌ์ง„์œจ, ์ผ๋‹น์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„, ์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์ž์›์ธ ์ธ๋ ฅ, ๋ณ‘์ƒ์ˆ˜, ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ฃผ์ฒด, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„, 1์ธ๋‹น GRDP, 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋…ธ์ธ๋น„์œจ์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ณ‘์ƒ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž…์›์œจ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž…์›์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ •ํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 3๊ฐœ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ดˆ์ง„ํ™˜์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ์ง„์œจ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์›์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด๋น„์ธํ›„๊ณผ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ผ๋‹น์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ •ํ˜•์™ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…์› ์ผ๋‹น์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๋ณ‘์›์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ผ๋‹น์ง„๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋†’์€ ๊ณ ๋‚œ๋„ ์˜๋ฃŒํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›, ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ํˆฌ์ž…์ž์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์–‘์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์žฌ์ ์†Œ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ ์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ด์ต์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋…„๊ฐ„ ์Œ“์•„์˜จ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ž„์ƒ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.There is hard part that the general people can easily access the medical care because the medical knowledge is considerably specialized and segmented more than other fields. In other words, it appears the asymmetric information between the medical institutions as suppliers like providers and patients as consumers. As a result, there may be the factors in the medical institutions to change the behavior or amount of medical service delivery which offers to the patients according to the resource level which is inputted to the hospitals. In case of Korean health care system, especially, there is a higher probability in such behaviors by introduction of national health insurance system in unprecedentedly short period of time because there exist economic barriers in the medical service for the people and the payment system like fee-for-service is chosen without the limit of medical expenses. If the amount of medical service can be changed according to the resource level which inputs to medical institutions, not medical service delivery, based on the disease for the patients in the extra-large hospitals, it can have macroscopic effect on the expenditure size of medical expenses. However, a lot of difficulties exist in the information collection by medical institution in order to analyze the increase of expenditure size of medical expenses by the supplier side. In addition, there are difficulties in clearly classifying whether the change of medical service delivery level is affected by the resource level, or not. Eventually, related research analysis did not rise accordingly in Korea and it can have macroscopic effect on the expenditure size of medical expenses. Furthermore, most of research has been conducted by limiting its object as clinic class. However, since the Moon Jae-in government was recently inaugurated, the so-called "Moon Jae-in Care" remains to be a big issue of medical world based on down-regulating the annual upper limit on an individual's payment and paying the upper grade hospital room bills by making the non-payment item as paying like MRI and ultrasonic, etc. Such policy of expanding coverage can improve the accessibility of medical care and decrease the economic burden for the people, but in case of the mild disease for the patients due to the side effects, the "concentration of patients in university hospitals" in order to receive professional treatment in the university hospitals can be intensified. This study was to reflect on such situation positively and select the department of medicine which can have relatively various test and prescription, not large variation in severity, between the university hospital with the substantial expenditure of medical expenses and department of medicine in the upper-scale general hospitals as total four departments of medicine by surgical areas(orthopedics, otolaryngology) and medical areas(gastroenterology, pediatrics). In addition, this study was to do empirical analysis whether there are differences in the amount of medical service delivery according to the resource level of medical institutions as an object of such departments of medicine. For the behavior as medical service provided from the extra-large hospitals, this study was to calculate the admission rate, established patient rate, treatment cost per case and length of hospital stay. For the independent variables, this study was to include the three typical resources in the medical institutions like manpower, number of bed and ownership which displayed the characteristics of medical equipment and medical institutions, lastly population density to display the regional characteristics, GRDP per capita and rate of over 65-years old elderly. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. The more the number of bed in the whole department of medicine, the more the admission rate significantly increased. At three departments of medicine except the orthopedics is mainly hospitalization, the more the number of new patients per one doctor, the more the established patient rate to revisit the hospital by the patients was significantly increased. Besides, the effect of resource level on the medical service delivery differed from the characteristics by department of medicine. The more the expensive medical equipment, the more the otolaryngology increased in the outpatient treatment cost per case. In case of orthopedics, this study has shown the tendency that the hospital treatment cost per case has increased significantly. Additionally, from the change by ownership, this study has shown the tendency that the public hospitals had lower treatment cost per case than that of private hospitals. As such, it would mean a lot from the empirical analysis in this study that the differences in the volume of service could exist according to the input resources in the university hospitals and upper-scale general hospitals where to do high level of medical practice with the highest severity in the medical system in Korea. This study was to predict that the expenditure size of medical expenses increased by a substantial level due to the increase of patients with aging and chronic disease in Korea that was rapidly accelerating. The more difficult such situation, it needs to utilize the appropriate medical service for the patients who actually needed the medical service by putting the right man in the right place. For such prerequisites, it requires a move towards the construction of appropriate system in order to do physician practice, considering patients' health status only, based on the objective clinical data which has been accumulated for many years, not individual profit, when the supplier proceeded with the medical practice as medical care policy.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 2 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  5 1. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 2. ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  7 3. ๊ตญ๋‚ดํ˜„ํ™ฉ 9 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 14 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 14 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 15 3. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 16 ๊ฐ€. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 16 ๋‚˜. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 17 4. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 19 5. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ 22 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 24 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  32Maste

    ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ 20๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ, ํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์šฉ์ž์ธต์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€์™€ ์š”๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ปฌ๋ ‰์…˜ ์†์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ, ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋“ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ์ •๋ณด์ž์›์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ™•์ถฉ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘” ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ณด์กด์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต์—์„œ๋„ ์ง€์ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ข… ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๋„์„œ๊ด€์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ณด์กด๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ  ์กด์žฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง€์ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์†Œ์žฅ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ด์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด๋žŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋‚ดํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ง€๊ณ , ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํŽธ์ด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ ์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ด๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด๋„์„œ๊ด€๋‚ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์žฅ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์šด์šฉํ•  ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ์žฅ์„œ, ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์…‹์งธ ๋ณด์กด์„œ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค

    ENSO ์‹ญ๋…„์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œํƒœํ‰์–‘ ํ‘œ์ธต ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ธต ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ฑ์ธตํ™”์˜ ์—ญํ• 

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2013. 8. ํ—ˆ์ฐฝํšŒ.์—˜๋‹ˆ๋‡จ ๋‚จ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋™(ENSO)์€ ์ ๋„ ํƒœํ‰์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘ ์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์žฌ์ถฉ์ „/๋ฐฉ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„œํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ ํ‘œ์ธต ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ฑ์ธตํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ, ENSO ์‹ญ๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ฑ์ธตํ™”์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์ง ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ธต ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค1) ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ฑ์ธตํ™”์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, 2) ์—ฐ์ง ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ-ENSO์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”, 3) ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์˜จ๋‚œ์—ญ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ฑ์ธตํ™”์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ. ํ•ด์–‘์— ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ฑ์ธตํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ์ง ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€๋ ฅ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ Sturm-Liouville ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ•ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋„๋œ๋‹ค. 1958-2004๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ SODA ์ž๋ฃŒ (๋ฐ”๋žŒ์‘๋ ฅ, ํ•ด์–‘์˜จ๋„, ์—ผ๋ถ„, ํ•ด๋ฅ˜)์™€ Hadley ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์ธก์—์„œ, ์„œํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ปฌ์ด 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„์— ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ๋„์—์„œ ์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ปฌ์€ ENSO์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ENSO ์ ˆ์ •๊ธฐ์— ํ•ด์–‘์— ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์˜๋  ๋•Œ ENSO์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง„ํญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ํˆฌ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹ญ๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€๋™์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจ๋“œ์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ์ ๋„ ํŒŒ๋™ ์—ญํ•™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„์— ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„์— ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ENSO ๋˜๋จน์ž„ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์„œํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์˜จ๋‚œ์—ญ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ƒ์ธต์˜ ์—ฐ์ง ์„ฑ์ธตํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋‚œ์—ญ์˜ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์€, ์˜จ๋‚œ์—ญ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ์— ํˆฌ์˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€๋ ฅ ์ง„๋™์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „์—, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๋™ํƒœํ‰์–‘๊ณผ ์ค‘ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„ ํŽธ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ›„์—, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‘๋ ฅ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์˜จ๋‚œ์—ญ์˜ ๋™์ชฝ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋‚œ์—ญ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ์„ฑ์ธตํ™” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”, ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ฒฝ์••๋ชจ๋“œ์— ํˆฌ์˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ด€์ธก๋œ ์—˜๋‹ˆ๋‡จ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.El Niรฑoโ€“Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is linked to both wind stress variations and recharge/discharge of oceanic heat content in the equatorial Pacific. This dissertation investigates the characteristics of the surface wind stress and the ocean stratification over the western Pacific, and their roles on the decadal changes in ENSO properties. To understand their characteristics, the contribution of the surface momentum forcing to the ocean vertical baroclinic mode is mainly discussed1) relationship between the wind stress and ocean stratification, 2) changes in the relationship of oceanic vertical baroclinic mode-ENSO, and 3) recent changes in warm pool SST and its linkage with ocean stratification. The oceanic vertical baroclinic modes associated with ocean stratification, which are derived from the solution of Sturm-Liouville equation, are investigated to find the effect of wind stress forcing into the ocean. Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) data (zonal wind stress, ocean temperature, salinity and zonal current) and Hadley sea surface temperature (SST) data were used for the period 1958-2004. In addition, simple coupled model is conducted to understand details of physical mechanism. In the observation analysis, the wind stress curl over the western Pacific is weakened after the late-1970s than before the late-1970s, which is associated with the slow discharge of heat contents in the equator, leads the long period and strong intensity of ENSO. The simple coupled model experiment verifies that both period and amplitude of ENSO are decreased when the wind stress curl over the western Pacific is projected more strongly into the ocean at the ENSO mature phase. The wind projection coefficients against the oceanic baroclinic modes have significant change on decadal time scale, in particular, the relationship between the first and second baroclinic modes is reversed before and after the late-1970s. Compared to before the late-1970s, the first baroclinic mode has a greater effect on the sea surface temperature variability through equatorial wave dynamics. It is also found that a delayed-response of the second baroclinic mode variability to the atmospheric forcing has increased after the late-1970s. This reflects the changes in ENSO feedback process associated with the climate shift at the late-1970s. The mean SST over the western Pacific warm pool, where the wind stress variation is small, has experienced a shift from cool state to warm state in recent decades. Increased SST enhances the vertical stratification at the upper level. The warm pool SST variability is highly correlated with the change in maximum buoyancy frequency which is captured by the wind stress variations projecting onto the first baroclinic mode over the warm pool region. The zonal wind stress regressed onto the first baroclinic mode before the mid-1970s is associated with the anomalous SST in the eastern and central tropical Pacific. After the mid-1970s, in contrast, a wind convergence pattern near the eastern edge of the warm pool is dominant. The ocean stratification change over the warm pool region, which is related to the changes in wind stress forcing projecting onto the oceanic baroclinic modes, might contribute to change in El Niรฑo structure in the observation during recent decades.ABSTRACT i Contents iv List of Tables vii List of Figures viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Motivation and Objective 6 CHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS 10 2.1 Data 10 2.1.1 Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) 10 2.1.2 Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature 11 2.2 Methods 13 2.2.1 Vertical mode decomposition 13 2.2.2 Projection coefficient 15 CHAPTER 3 WIND STRESS VARIATION AND ENSO 17 3.1 Wind stress associated with ocean heat content 17 3.2 Impact of wind stress variation on ENSO properties 23 3.2.1 Changes in ENSO properties in observational analysis 23 3.2.2 Verification using simple model 27 CHAPTER 4 OCEAN STRATIFICATION VARIABILITY AND ENSO 37 4.1 Decomposition of vertical baroclinic mode associated with ocean stratification 37 4.2 Contribution of vertical baroclinic mode to ENSO evolution 42 4.2.1 Relationship between vertical baroclinic mode and ENSO 42 4.2.2 Decadal changes in the relationship of ENSOโ€“vertical baroclinic mode 49 4.3 Contribution of vertical baroclinic mode to ENSO spatial pattern 53 4.3.1 Recent changes of SST in the warm pool 53 4.3.2 Possible linkage between ocean stratification and warm pool SST change 80 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 103 REFERENCES 110 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 124Docto

    ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋“ฑ์ฒ™์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ๋‡Œํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ฅ์˜ Type โ… , โ…ก ๊ทผ์œก์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์ „๊ณต,2002.Maste

    3์ฐจ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› ์™ธ๋ž˜ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘์› ์„ ํƒ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๋ณ‘์›์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ „๊ณต,2003.Maste

    Characterization and Molecular Mapping of Rolled Leaf Mutant and Elongated Uppermost Internode Mutant in Rice

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹๋ฌผ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ๊ณ ํฌ์ข….To understand the various plant architecture and morphogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.), ethyl methanesulfonate treated Ilpum mutant with narrow and rolled leaf phenotype and Koshihikari mutant with elongated uppermost internode trait were identified. The leaf rolling trait is said to be more advantageous under high temperature and heat stress. Cytological analysis of the leaf suggested that smaller size and less number of the bulliform cells caused leaf rolling. Ilpum/rl crossed F1 plants showed normal phenotype. Genetic analysis of its F2 population suggested that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene with segregation ratio of 3:1. Using M23/rl F2 mapping population, each chromosome was screened with STS markers by the BSA method. The candidate region was detected to a long arm of chromosome 1, near the centromeric region. Through whole genome sequencing and its MutMap analysis, the causal SNP within the candidate region was identified. The result of RT PCR suggested that splicing error was occurred due to a base change from G to A at the beginning of 5th intron of Loc_Os01g37837, a gene which encode putative seryl-tRNA synthetase, and various forms of transcripts were presented. A novel gene that cause change of leaf morphology into narrow and rolled leaf was newly discovered. Eui mutant showed significantly increased first three internodes. The phenotype of F2 progenies of Koshihikari/eui was determined by measuring the length of first and second internodes. The distribution of each measurement implied that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. BSA result showed that the flanking region was set to a long arm of chromosome 5. Further narrow down was conducted into 984kb of the markers S0595e and S05101c, including EUI1. However, sequencing result suggested that the eui didnt have mutation correspond to EUI1. Another gene than EUI1 is thought to be related with internode elongation trait in chromosome 5.INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 1. PLANT MATERIALS AND GROWTH CONDITIONS 3 2. MEASUREMENT OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS 3 3. HISTOLOGY AND MICROSCOPY ANALYSIS 4 4. MEASUREMENT OF THE LEAF ROLLING INDEX 5 5. DNA EXTRACTION AND PCR AMPLIFICATION 6 6. PRIMERS 6 7. GENETIC ANALYSIS AND MAPPING 7 8. WGS OF BULKED DNA AND MUTMAP ANALYSIS 8 9. RNA EXTRACTION AND CDNA SYNTHESIS 9 RESULTS 11 1. ROLLED LEAF 11 CHARACTERIZATION OF RL MUTANT 11 HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 14 GENETIC ANALYSIS 15 GENETIC MAPPING OF RL MUTANT 16 MUTMAP ANALYSIS 19 CANDIDATE GENE STUDY 22 2. ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE 24 CHARACTERIZATION OF EUI MUTANT 24 GENETIC ANALYSIS 27 GENETIC MAPPING OF EUI MUTANT 28 DISCUSSION 31 REFERENCE 35 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 39Maste

    On the Vibrato in Gyeongseodo Folk Songs in the Music Coursebook of Secondary Education

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •(์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต),2010.2.Maste

    Path Selection Algorithms for real-time communication

    No full text
    Maste
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore