6 research outputs found
(The)Experiment in dwelling and H-shaped houses by Kim, Jong-Ryang in 1930s
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A Typomorphological Interpretation of Depletion of Hanok in Hanok Residence-Case of Seoul after 1970-
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νλ€λ μ μ μμκ° μλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€.The number of Hanok which was used to reach 130 thousands in 1961 has declined to 18 thousands in 2006 and 3,000 more Hanoks went through depletion till 2008 per the development projects. In the meantime, among of 98 Hanok complex areas in 2006 only 12 have survived as of 2011 functioning as a residential area after natural variation, namely Hanok Residence. In other words, it is no exaggeration to say that the physical depletion and declining phenomenon of housing function of Hanok has reached a critical stage. This depletion of Hanok varies more depending on the structure of Hanok Residence, which means that the depletion itself is not on individual Hanok based, but collectively in relation with urban condition where each Hanok is built on. Therefore, to respond properly to depletion of Hanok which is rapidly ongoing in remaining Hanok Residence in 2011, it is necessary to figure out the structure of each Hanok Residence and to analyze the transformation, namely depletion by classifying them into groups.
Being in line with this background this study focused on to figure out Hanok Residence in Seoul, which is going through depletion after 1970, with typomorphological view. In other words, the study aimed at clarifying the relationship between depletion of Hanok and characteristics of urban form of Hanok Residence by analyzing the details of how Hanok has been depleted in the structure of Hanok Residence, where Hanoks are densely located. The major findings and significance of this study can be summarized as followings.
Firstly, Hanok Residence inside and outside of the city wall shows different structure as they went through different formation process and it is able to group them into tree-structure and grid-structure respectively. Within grid-structure built on large scale, urban Hanoks categorized to more fit into homogeneous structure had been provided comparing to tree-structure before 1970 and the change of the structure occurred less till 2011. This could be interpreted that the change of streets and lots was much more less in grid-structure as it was more corresponding to the social requirement after 1970 comparing to tree-structure, e.g. β easy access of vehicles, frequent reconstruction, etc.
Secondly, based on the correlation analysis, while the three things such as direction of the street, connectivity of the street, and standardization index of the lot were drawn as components of residential area structure distinguishing Hanok Residence unit in tree-structure, direction of the street, width of the street, and standardization index of the lot were drawn for grid-structure. In addition, the correlation between the components of the residential area structure shows difference in tree-structure and grid-structure. This is because factors such as the number of dead-end street, the location of less standardized lot, the width of the major road, and etc. vary in both.
Thirdly, when it comes to Hanok Residence unit type, which is the unit of homogeneous feature-based transformation with components of street, lot, and building, it was possible to develop into four types by analyzing transformation of the building in Hanok Residence structure.
Fourthly, from 1970 to 2011 while depletion of Hanok and change of use had occurred less in Tree-Dead end street residential area unit type (TDS type) and Grid-less than 4 meters wide street residential area unit type (GNS type), it has frequently occurred in Tree-Continuous street residential area unit type (TCS type) and Grid-more than 5 meters wide street residential area unit type (GWS type). This is able to be interpreted to be a result of the access to the street.
Fifthly, if examining depletion of Hanok in aspect of gross lots, the components of residential area structure impacting on depletion itself are connectivity of the street, width of the street, area of the lot, and length of the part meeting the road, but when studying depletion of Hanok in aspect of Hanok Residence unit types, it was able to figure out that the standardization index of the lots is also influencing on the depletion in TDS type, TCS type, and GNS type.
Sixthly, depletion of Hanok was noticed to occur more in lots with changes rather than lots without changes across all types and changes of the lots were verified to be less relevant with depletion on Hanok in tree-structure than grid-structure, in dead end street type than continuous street type, and in less than 4 meters wide street type than more than 5 meters wide street type. This makes an interpretation possible that combination of lots occurred regardless of depletion of the building itself in lots with smaller scale and difficult access to the street.
Seventhly, a look at the timing of depletion of Hanok suggests that reconstruction of Hanok was the most highly activated across all types from 1990 when multi-family house was legalized to 1997 when the regulation was reinforced. However, this tendency is noticed less in tree street type than grid street type, in dead end street type than continuous street type, and in less than 4 meters wide street type than more than 5 meters wide street type. That is, it is confirmed that types with higher feasibility of reconstruction have been influenced sensitively by changes of governmental policy.
The findings of this study have significance as followings. First of all, it is an empirical research on decline process of Hanok Residence in Seoul after 1970 and at the same time it is a result of empirical study on burgage cycle in certain area in typomorphological aspect. Second, it has developed a collective system of Hanok that shares homogeneous characteristics, undergoes changes together, and is able to demonstrate form of Hanok Residence, namely Hanok Residence Unit Type Third, it has established information on condition and details of the phenomenon of depletion of Hanok by verifying in which structure Hanok went through depletion. Ultimately, all these findings are able to be meaningful in aspect that it has clarified properties of urban form change by inner interaction of physical conditions.β
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Abstract 232Docto