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    the effect of precarious employment on the mental health

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 8. ๊น€์ฐฝ์—ฝ.์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ(precarious employment)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Benach et al, 2007). ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ ํ•™๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์นจํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Benach, 2007). ๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ํ˜น์€ ์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฐจ์›์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค(Kim, 2006Kim, 2008Park, 2009Kim, 2012Kim, 2013Jang, 2015Min, 2015Yoo et al, 2016). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Rodgers, 1989Laparra et al, 2004Tompa, 2007Lewchuk et al, 2008Underhill et al, 2011Vives et al, 2011Puig-Barrachina et al, 2014). ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๊ทœ์ง ๊ณ ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณ„์•ฝ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ(uncertainty)๊ณผ ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ, ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ(insecurity)์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค(Vosko et al, 2009). ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ž„๊ธˆ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ „๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์ถฉ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์›์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ โˆ™๋ฒ•์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ณต์ง€ํŒจ๋„ 9์ฐจ๋…„๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 15-64์„ธ์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ธ๊ตฌ 6,025(์กฐ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ตฌ 4,430)๋ช…์„ ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์€ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ „์ผ์ œ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ๋…ธ๋™๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค‘์œ„์ž„๊ธˆ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Š” 4๋Œ€ ๋ณดํ—˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋…ธ์ถœ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์•ˆ์ „์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์€ 1๋กœ ๋น„์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์€ 0์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 3์  ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์€ 11๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ CES-D์ฒ™๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  9์  ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ธ๋™์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค ๋“ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ˆœํƒ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋…ธ๋ฌด์ง ๋“ฑ ์ €์ˆ™๋ จ์ง๊ณผ ์ค‘์†Œ, ์˜์„ธ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ„์น˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์€ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์š”์ธ์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์€ ์ •๊ทœ์ง, ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ์šธ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณดํ—˜ ํ˜œํƒ์—์„œ ์†Œ์™ธ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๋‹ด๋ณด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฐ์žฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฐ์†์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๊ทœ์ง๊ณผ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์ฐฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋‚ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ๋‚ด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ(๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ)๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์— ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋‚ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํ•จ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  5 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 1. ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์ด ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 6 2. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ 9 3. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• 13 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ‹€ 17 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 22 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 22 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 23 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 27 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 29 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 29 2. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ 33 3. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ 41 4. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 46 5. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 49 โ…ค. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 62 1. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 62 2. ํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 73 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 80 Abstract 89Maste

    Students Unintended Learning in Primary School Practical Science Lessons: What is Learned and How it Occurs

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 8. ์†ก์ง„์›….This dissertation investigates unintended learning in primary school practical science lessons. I use the term unintended learning to distinguish it from the intended learning that appears in teachers learning objectives. Data were collected using audio and video recordings of 22 lessons taught by five teachers in Korean primary schools with 10- to 12-year-old students. Pre-lesson interviews with the teachers were conducted to ascertain their intended learning objectives. Students were asked to write short memos after the lesson about what they learned and post-lesson interviews of students and of teachers were undertaken to gather more detailed information about student learning. This studys data suggested three types of knowledge that students learned unintentionally: factual knowledge gained by phenomenon-based reasoning, conceptual knowledge gained by relation- or model-based reasoning, and procedural knowledge. Most unintended learning found in this study fell into the factual knowledge type. One of the types of factual knowledge observed in this study was factual knowledge that can be associated with students future learning. As opposed to factual knowledge, only a few cases of conceptual knowledge were found to have occurred as a result of relation- and model-based reasoning. In the cases of conceptual knowledge learning, the students engaged in relation- or model-based reasoning with help from the teacher. This can give us an implication of the teachers role in unintended learning. Both explicit and implicit procedural knowledge were also found in this study. Explicit procedural knowledge can be described both verbally and in writing and implicit procedural knowledge cannot be stated explicitly and only can be acquired by practice. This means that students practice, such as trial and error and coping with unexpected situations in practical work, could give them opportunities for unintended learning, especially opportunities to learn implicit procedural knowledge. The results also suggested that there were three associated features of unintended learning that occurred: students expressing their interest, maintaining their interest, and connecting to prior knowledge. These findings also indicated that the process of intended and unintended learning is different in that teachers effort to make students be interested in the task comes first in the process of intended learning, whereas unintended learning originated from students spontaneous interest and curiosity. Polanyis concept of intellectual passion would posit that unintended learning occurred because of the heuristic passion of the student in the sense that it was driven by students interest and curiosity. However, I observed that most unintended learning was localized at the individual student or a small group level, which means that students persuasive passion to share their learning was limited. This study is significant in that it suggests how unintended learning can be facilitated as an educative opportunity for meaningful learning by exploring what and how students learned unintentionally. In summary, this study showed that students learned various types of knowledge associated with multiple reasoning processes. Among these types of knowledge, there was knowledge that could be helpful for their future learning and that was associated with a sophisticated level of reasoning, such as model-based reasoning. This study also found that unintended learning could be meaningful learning in that it initiated from students own interest and curiosity. These findings indicate that teachers need to be aware that unintended learning can take place in the lesson so that they can help students to develop the ideas into unintended learning. I also suggest practical implications for both pre-service and in-service teacher professional development and for science educators.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Personal motives for this study 1 1.2. The purpose of this study 2 1.3. Summary of study design 6 1.4. Synopsis 7 Chapter 2. Theoretical framework and literature review 10 2.1. Pragmatic approach to learning 10 2.2. Learning in schools 12 2.2.1. Formal learning and informal learning 12 2.2.2. Characteristic of informal learning 16 2.2.3. Types of unintended learning in school 18 2.2.4. Previous research on unintended learning in school 20 2.2.5. Previous research on unintended learning in science lessons 23 2.3. Learning in practical science lessons 26 2.4. Motivation for science learning in practical work 30 Chapter 3. Design and method of the study 35 3.1. Selection of research settings 35 3.2. Context of research settings 38 3.3. Ethics 45 3.4. Data collection 46 3.4.1. Pre-lesson interviews 46 3.4.2. Audio and video recording and field notes in the lesson 48 3.4.3. Short student memos after lesson and post-lesson interview 49 3.5. Data processing 50 3.6. Data analysis 54 3.6.1. Identifying the unintended learning 54 3.6.2. Coding for knowledge and reasoning of unintended learning 58 3.6.3. Coding for experience that led to unintended learning 63 Chapter 4. Multiple learning paths: The types of knowledge associated with unintended learning 66 4.1. Factual knowledg gained by phenomenon-based reasoning 67 4.2. Conceptual knowledge gained by relation- and model-based reasoning 75 4.2.1. Relation-based reasoning 75 4.2.2. Model-based reasoning 79 4.3. Procedural knowledge by practice 83 4.4. Summary and discussion 86 Chapter 5. Unintended but meaningful: Features associated with unintended learning from Polanyis perspective 92 5.1. Features associated with unintended learning 93 5.1.1. Students expressing their interest 94 5.1.2. Students maintaining their interest 99 5.1.3. Connecting to prior knowledge 102 5.2. Sharing individuals unintended learning with a whole class 104 5.3. Interpreting the unintended learning from the perspective of Polanyi 107 5.4. Summary and discussion 111 Chapter 6. Conclusions and implications 113 6.1. Summary 113 6.2. Conclusions and implications 116 6.3. Limitation of the study 126 6.4. Future directions 127 References 129 Abstract in Korean 143 Appendix 148 Appendix A: IRB letter of approval 148 Appendix B: The consent forms of teachers, students, and parents 150 Appendix C: The example of transcription of pre-lesson interview 157 Appendix D: The example of transcription of student discourse 160 Appendix E: The example of short student memo after lesson 169 Appendix F: The example of transcription of post-lesson interview 170Docto

    Literature Review on Nursing Intervention for Premature Infants in Korea

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    Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research on nursing intervention of premature infants in Korean literature to identify the current state of premature infants intervention research and recommend directions for future research. Methods: Using EBN analysis criteria modified by the researchers, 56 papers searched by search terms on 5 medical search DBs were reviewed. Results: Most experimental studies were quasi-experimental studies (96.4%), 56 out of research. 44.6% studies cited both gestational age and birth weight in inclusion criterias and the number of research subjects was various. Studies were classified by data collection methods into self-reporting questionnaire, structured interview, medical record review, observation and physiological measures. 28.6% of intervention research studied during 2004~2005. Multimodal sensory stimulation studies were dominant (67.9%), following in order were oral stimulation (14.3%), promoting comfort (14.3 %) and environment control (3.6%). Dependent variables measuring intervention effects classified as physical, psychological and psychomotor variables. Most studies reported positive effects on premature infants in various fields. Conclusions: Korean literatures about nursing intervention of premature infants had a lot of percentage in pediatric nursing and made positive effort to theoretical and practical development. Future research will be needed to establish appropriate protocols and expect to use widely in clinical field.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/2008003875/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:2008003875ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A078492DEPT_CD:811CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:2013-๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์ค‘์žฌ๋ถ„์„-๋ฐฉ๊ฒฝ์ˆ™(๋ฐ•์ง€์„ ).pdfDEPT_NM:๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผEMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    Global Health Project for Maternal Child Health in a Developing Country: Case Study in Tigray, Ethiopia

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a two-year global health project to improve maternal and child health (MCH) in Ethiopia. Methods: This is a descriptive case study. The target area is Kilte Awlaelo Woreda in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. A baseline survey was conducted to identify the needs of community residents and health care professionals. A MCH program was developed according to a project design matrix that included: infrastructure renovation of health centers; continuing education for midwives, nurses, and health extension workers (HEWs); and improvement of residents' MCH awareness. Project evaluation will examine the structure, process, and outcomes of the program. Results: The baseline survey showed low rates of family planning (31%) and antenatal and postnatal care use (36.1% and 69%, respectively). The institutional birth rate was 13.5%. Midwives and nurses received 2~4 educational programs about family planning and perinatal care. HEWs were also given practical education. Water and electrical infrastructure of all five health centers in the Kilte Awlaelo Woreda were renovated. Additionally, medical supplies and equipment were provided. Community health education on perinatal care, family planning, and personal hygiene was presented. Conclusion: This study highlights the role of nursing in global health and provides basic information on the development and outcomes of the global health project.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ(KOICA)์˜ ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„ ์›์กฐ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์œ„ํƒ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ

    Effects of surface chemistry and adsorbed proteins on dental implant surfaces: a review

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2009.2.Maste

    Politics of the postal privatization led by Prime Minister Koizumi

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    Thesis(master`s)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅœ‹้š›ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :ๅœ‹้š›ๅญธ็ง‘, ๅœ‹้š›ๅœฐๅŸŸๅญธๅฐˆๆ”ป,2006.Maste

    A Study on Introverted Psychological Expressions through Figuration of 'Personal Spaces'

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ ํŒํ™”์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์œค๋™์ฒœ.์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ์†๋„์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œต์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์œ ํ˜•๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์™ธํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์œ ํ˜•์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์™ธํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์™ธํ–ฅ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ '๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„'์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ '๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„'์ด๋ผ ํ†ต์นญํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋„ํ”ผํ•ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„ํ”ผ์™€ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌดํ•œ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฌ๋””์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  '๊ฐœ์ธ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„' ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์€๋‘” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋„ํƒœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ €์— ๊น”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •์ง“๋Š” ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ์™ธํ–ฅ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์Ÿ์ทจ ํ•˜๊ณ ํ”ˆ ์š•๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์„ค์€ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์••์ถ•ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์šฉ๋„์˜ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์™€ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ƒ๋… ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ์žฌ ๋งŒํผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†“์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทœ์ •์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์˜ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๊ทนํ•œ ํฌ์—ด๊ณผ ํ—ˆ๋ฌด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋…ํ•จ์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ, ์ฆ‰ ์ • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฐจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ €์— ๊น”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์„ค์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋‘์›€๊ณผ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์กฐ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŒํ™”๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์œ ์˜ ํ”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ค์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฉ”์กฐํ‹ดํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์—์นญโ€ข์•„์ฟผํ‹ดํŠธ ๋“ฑ ์˜ค๋ชฉํŒ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์— ๋ณด์‹ฑํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…์ด์˜ ์—ฌ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ๋‚˜ ํŽ„ํ”„์บ์ŠคํŒ… ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ฒด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ… .์„œ๋ก  1 โ…ก.์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์‹œ์„ ๊ณผ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์„ฑ 5 1.์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์œ ํ˜•๋ก ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹œ์„  6 2.'๊ฐœ์ธ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„'๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž‘์—… 15 โ…ข.๋‚ดํ–ฅ์ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 19 1.'๊ฐœ์ธ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„'์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์€๋‘”์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 20 2.์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋„ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 25 3.๊ตฐ์ค‘ ์† ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 30 โ…ฃ.'๊ฐœ์ธ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„'๊ณผ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ์  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒํ™” ๋ฐฉ์‹ 35 1.์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜์ž 35 โ…ฐ.์˜์ž์˜ ์ฐจ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜• 35 โ…ฑ.์ค‘์˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜์ž 41 2.๋ฌด๋Œ€๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์šฉ 45 โ…ฐ.๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์† ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 47 โ…ฑ.์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 51 3.ํŒํ™”๋งค์ฒด์™€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œํ˜„ 56 โ…ฐ.๋ฉ”์กฐํ‹ดํŠธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 56 โ…ฑ.์˜ค๋ชฉํŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋ฐฑ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 60 โ…ฒ.๋งค์ฒด์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 64 โ…ค.๊ฒฐ๋ก  67 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ชฉ๋ก 70 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 72 Abstract 74Maste

    ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ - ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ-

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ๋ฅ˜์žฌ๋ช….์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ทจ์ง€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ๋ค๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์€ ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ํšจ์šฉ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์†Œ๋น„ ํ–‰๋™, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™์€ ์•„๋™์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก์ ์ธ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„๋ž€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋งค์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋•Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ง€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ผ๋ฒจ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์š”์ธ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ผ๋ฒจํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์— ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋•Œ์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” 5, 6ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 188๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๊ณ , ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜ธ, ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ธˆ์•ก, ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์˜ ์„ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์„ ํ˜ธ, ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ธˆ์•ก, ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ˜‘ ์ด์šฉ์ •๋„๋Š” ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(p<.001). ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋•Œ์— ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์นœ์ˆ™์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ผ๋ฒจ๋ง ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์ฆ‰, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋™๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ต์œก์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ๋น„์Šต๊ด€๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์˜์‹์˜ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ์จ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ ์ด์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ 5 1. ์ƒํ™œํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ 5 2. ์ƒํ˜‘์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋™๊ธฐ 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์•„๋™ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ต์œก 9 1. ์•„๋™ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ต์œก 9 2. ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์‚ฌํšŒํ™” 10 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™ 13 1. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์นœํ™”์  ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™ 13 2. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ผ๋ฒจ๋ง 14 3. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ 16 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 21 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ง‘ 22 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 23 1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ 23 2. ์ž๋…€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ 24 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 30 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 30 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ƒํ’ˆํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 32 1. ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ์„ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 32 2. ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 33 3. ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 33 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ˜‘ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 35 1. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ˜‘ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ ์„ ํ˜ธ 35 2. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ˜‘ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ธˆ์•ก 35 3. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒํ˜‘ ์ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ์ƒํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜๋„ 36 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 38 1. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ ์นœ์ˆ™์„ฑ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 41 2. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 43 3. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งˆํฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์ง€๊ฐ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 44 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 47 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋…ผ์˜ 47 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  49 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 51 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 53 ๋ถ€๋ก 60 Abstract 69Maste

    (The) effectiveness of intervention of mothers song on low-birth infant in NICU

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ (๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์ „๊ณต),2009.2.Maste

    ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„ -1959-1973๋…„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ-

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ •์น˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2016. 8. ๋ฐฑ์ฐฝ์žฌ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณต๋™์ฒด(EEC) ๊ฐ€์ž… ์‹ ์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ 1963/67๋…„ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 1973๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ž… ์Šน์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์ธ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์ (geopolitical) ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์—…์ (commercial) ์š”์ธ์„ ๋น„ํŒโˆ™๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1958๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ๋…์ผ, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—, ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ, ๋ฃฉ์…ˆ๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ ์ด 6๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์€ 1960๋…„์ฆˆ์Œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ž… ์‹ ์ฒญ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”๊ณ  1963๋…„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๊ฐ€์ž… ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 5๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ๋ฐ˜๊ธด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” 1967๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์ด ์žฌ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€์ž… ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ์—๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ํ›„ ์•ฝ 10์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” 1969๋…„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ์„ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 1973๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์€ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„(special relationship)๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์  ๊ด€์ ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์œ„ํ˜‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ต ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ณต๋™ ๋†์—… ์ •์ฑ…(Common Agricultural Policy: CAP)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์™€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์„ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ์‹œ์  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์—…์  ๊ด€์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์—…์  ๊ด€์ ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ต ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค์˜ ๋™ํ•™๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ… ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์ด์ต ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋…ผ์˜์— ๋ฌธ์ œ ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 10์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋„˜์–ด 1969๋…„ ๋Œ์—ฐ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž… ์ฐฌ์„ฑ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ถ„์„๋“ค์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์–ฝํž˜(entanglemnt)์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜€์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 8 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  8 1. ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์š”์ธ 8 2. ์ƒ์—…์  ์š”์ธ 14 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 21 1. ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ 21 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ 25 3. ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต ์ง‘๋‹จ ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 27 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€: 1959-1969๋…„ 29 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋“œ๊ณจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ 29 1. ๋“œ๊ณจ์˜ ๋Œ€(ๅฐ)๋ฏธ ์ธ์‹ 31 2. ๋“œ๊ณจ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ง€์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ 35 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ: ๋†์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ 39 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ: ๋“œ๊ณจ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์–ฝํž˜(entanglement) 54 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์ฐฌ์„ฑ: 1969-1973๋…„ 57 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํํ”ผ๋‘ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ 57 1. ํํ”ผ๋‘์˜ ๋Œ€(ๅฐ)๋ฏธ ์ธ์‹ 57 2. ํํ”ผ๋‘์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ง€์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ 60 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ: CAP์˜ ์™„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ 65 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ: ํํ”ผ๋‘์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์–ฝํž˜(entanglement) 69 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  73 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ 73 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 75 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 78 Abstract 85Maste
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