골든게이트 브릿지의 아르데코 스타일 특징

교량(Bridge, 橋梁)은 지역의 상징물로 종종 명명되곤 한다. 특히 아름다운 교량은 지역주민의 자긍심을 불러일으키며, 시대를 거쳐 공공의 소중한 문화재로 자리매김하게 된다. 미국 캘리포니아 샌프란시스코의 랜드마크 교량인 골든게이트 브릿지(Golden Gate Bridge, 金門橋)는 이와 같은 속성을 지닌 대표적인 교량이다. 미국토목학회(American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010)에서는 골든게이트 브릿지가 미국, 캘리포니아, 샌프란시스코를 대표하는 가장 국제적으로 알려진 상징물 가운데 하나이다.(It is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States.)라고 언급했으며, 샌프란시스코의 전문 사진작가 개리 크레이브(Gary Crabbe, 2011: p.50) 역시 오늘날 골든게이트 브릿지 없이 캘리포니아를 생각할 수 없다.(Its nearly impossible today to think of California without the iconic Golden Gate Bridge.)고 말했다. 골든게이트 브릿지는 1937년에 완공된 당 시대 최대 규모의 현수교(Suspension Bridge, 懸垂橋)로서, 골든게이트해협(Golden Gate Strait)에 위치하여 골든게이트(Golden Gate) 교량(Bridge)으로 명명되었다. 본 교량은 뛰어난 기술력과 아름다운 형상을 자랑하며, 많은 사람들의 사랑을 듬뿍 받아왔다. 역사·기술·예술·문화적 가치를 모두 지닌 골든게이트 브릿지는 2012년에 75번째 생일을 맞이하여 성대한 생일잔치를 치루었다. 그리고 2013년 3월 현재 샌프란시스코는 골든게이트 브릿지로 인해 먹고 산다고 표현할 수 있을 정도로 도시의 곳곳에서 골든게이트 브릿지를 홍보하고 있으며, 각종 상품 및 이벤트에서도 골든게이트 브릿지를 적극 활용하고 있다

말초 신경손상으로 유도되는 물리적 이질통 형성에 대한 척수 별아교 세포 내 sigma-1 수용체의 역할

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 수의학과, 2015. 2. 이장헌.BACKGROUND: Chronic pain, such as peripheral neuropathic pain, can be characterized by sensory disorders that include mechanical allodynia (MA, lowering of response threshold to light tactile stimuli) and thermal hyperalgesia (TH, an increased response to a noxious thermal stimulus). The precise mechanisms in the spinal cord underlying the development of MA and TH remain to be clearly defined. The role of sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (Sig-1R) in modulating central sensitization associated with the development of neuropathic pain has recently been investigated. Moreover, it has been recognized that spinal Sig-1Rs play an important role in the induction of MA in neuropathic pain. However, it was not clearly demonstrated the specific mechanism related to this spinal Sig-1R under the development of MA in neuropathic pain condition. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to investigate: 1. the precise cellular location of Sig-1Rs in the spinal cord and whether Sig-1R activation mediates phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), among mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The effects of p38 and ERK inhibitor on the Sig-1R induced pain behaviors were also investigated. 2. the histological and physiological relationships among Sig-1R, p-p38 and glial activation and whether the inhibition of Sig-1R or p38 modulates astrocyte activation in chronic constriction injury (CCI) mice. I also investigated whether this Sig-1R modulation of astrocyte activation is associated with the increase of D-serine in the spinal cord dorsal horn. 3. whether the inhibition of Sig-1R or p38, which modulates astrocyte activity is associated with MA development in CCI mice. In addition, the role of D-serine in the induction of Sig-1R-mediated MA was also investigated in CCI mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary astrocyte-enriched cell cultures were prepared from newborn C57BL/6 mice. Other experiments were performed on male ICR mice (20-25g). A CCI of the common sciatic nerve was performed according to the method described by Bennett and Xie. For intrathecal injection, I used the modified method of direct transcutaneous intrathecal injection on mice described by Hylden and Wilcox. Sensitization to innocuous mechanical stimulation (MA) was examined using von Frey filaments with forces of a 0.16 g. To assess nociceptive responses to heat stimuli, sensitization to noxious heat stimulation (TH) was examined with a hot-plate apparatus or Hargreaves apparatus. In the present study, the Sig-1R agonist, PRE-084 (3 nmol), its antagonist, BD-1047 (100 nmol), a ERK inhibitor, PD98059 (3, 10, 30 nmol), a p38 inhibitor, SB203580 (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 nmol), an astroglial metabolic inhibitor, fluorocitrate (0.003, 0.001, 0.03 nmol) and a serine racemase inhibitor, LSOS (1, 3, 10 nmol) were used. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay were performed according to each experiment procedure. The computer-assisted image analysis system (Metamorph) was utilized throughout whole experiments. RESULTS: 1. The expression of Sig-1Rs was significantly increased in astrocytes on day 3 following CCI surgery in mice. In cultured astrocytes, Sig-1R expression was also found, and the treatment of PRE-084 increased phosphorylation of ERK and p38, but not JNK. While intrathecal pretreatment with PD98059 inhibited both PRE-084-induced MA and TH, SB203580 dose-dependently inhibited PRE-084-induced MA, but not TH induction was not affected. Intrathecal injection of PRE-084 into naïve mice time-dependently increased the expression of p38 phosphorylation (p-p38), which was blocked by pretreatment with BD-1047. 2. The activation of astrocyte and microglia were increased in the spinal cord on day 3 following CCI surgery in mice. Sustained intrathecal treatment with the BD-1047 during the induction phase (postoperative days 0 to 3), attenuated CCI-induced increase in activation of astrocyte, but not microglia. The number of p-p38-ir astrocytes and neurons, but not microglia was also significantly increased after CCI surgery. Interestingly, intrathecal BD-1047 attenuated the expression of p-p38 selectively in astrocytes but not in neurons. Moreover, intrathecal treatment with a p38 inhibitor attenuated the GFAP expression. The level of D-serine and Serine racemase (Srr) expression were significantly increased in the spinal cord after CCI surgery. D-serine was localized in astrocyte and accumulated around neuron. Srr was also found in astrocyte. The increased level of D-serine was attenuated by sustained intrathecal treatment with BD-1047. Accordingly, Srr expression was also reduced by BD-1047 treatment and I found Srr expression was located on the same cell with Sig-1R-ir cells. 3. Sustained intrathecal treatment with the BD-1047 combined with fluorocitrate synergistically reduced the development of MA, but not TH. Moreover, intrathecal treatment with a p38 inhibitor combined with fluorocitrate synergistically blocked the induction of MA. In addition, sustained intrathecal treatment with the Srr inhibitor reduced the development of MA, and the blockade by BD-1047 treatment was reversed by exogenous D-serine. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the direct activation of spinal Sig-1R significantly increased p-p38 and the activation of spinal p38 was closely involved with the Sig-1R-mediated MA, but not TH. In CCI mice, spinal Sig-1R expression are increased in astrocytes, and that blockade of Sig-1Rs inhibits the pathologic activation of astrocytes via modulation of p-p38, which ultimately prevents the development of MA. The present study also indicates that the Sig-1R-mediated MA is developed by an increase of Srr expression, which in turn causes an increase of D-serine level in the spinal cord of CCI mice. Collectively these findings imply that the increase of p-p38 and D-serine induced by spinal Sig-1R plays an important role in the development of MA in neuropathic pain and further suggest that MA development could be clinically controlled by the Sig-1R modulation.BACKGROUND 1 OBJECTIVES 10 INTRODUCTION 11 MATERIALS & METHODS 17 1 Animal preparation 17 2 Primary astrocyte cultures 17 3 Intrathecal drug injection 18 4 Mechanical allodynia assay 19 5 Thermal hyperalgesia assay 20 6 Western blotting analysis 21 7 Immunohistochemistry 22 8 Image analysis 24 9 Statistical analysis 26 RESULTS 28 1 Cellular distribution of spinal Sig-1Rs and related MAPKs phosphorylation 28 2 The histological and physiological relationships among Sig-1R, p-p38 and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord of CCI mice 41 3 Releasing factor induced by spinal Sig-1R in CCI mice 55 4 Effects on CCI-induced MA and TH 67 DISCUSSION 76 SUMMARY 87 REFERENCES 89 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 103Docto

The prevalence rate and risk factors of and risk factors of atopic dermatitis in pre-schoolers, elementary school students, middle school students at Yanggu County

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Computational and experimental analysis of JIP1-dependent JNK MAP kinase pathway

Thesis(masters) --서울대학교 대학원 :협동과정 생물정보학전공,2008. 8.Maste

DeepASMR: Deep Learning-based ASMR Platform

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 전기·정보공학부, 2021. 2. 고형석.최근 ASMR(Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response)이라고 불리는 심리적 안정감을 제공하는 특별한 소리에 관심이 높아지고 있으며 관련 비즈니스도 활발히 시작되고 있다. 그러나 ASMR 음원 개발은 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하여 생산성 문제가 있다. 본 연구는 딥러닝을 이용하여 기존 ASMR 음원들을 모으고 분류하며 사용자의 선호도를 바탕으로 새로운 ASMR 음원을 생성할 수 있는 플랫폼인 DeepASMR을 제안한다. DeepASMR은 ASMR 음원 분류 및 인식을 위해 기존의 음악 인식이나 소음 인식을 위한 DNN보다 개선된 DNN 모델들을 구축하여 분류의 정확도를 95% 이상까지 높였다. 이를 통해 인터넷에 있는 ASMR 음원들을 분류하여 데이터베이스를 만들고, 사용자에게 자극(trigger)이 되는 ASMR을 쉽게 찾을 수 있도록 한다. 또한 DNN을 기반으로 기존 ASMR 음원들을 변형하거나 합성하는 방식으로 새로운 ASMR 음원을 생산한다. 이를 위해 VAE(Variational Autoencoder) 및 GAN(Generative Adversarial Network) 방식을 이용하여 ASMR 음원 생성 DNN 모델을 구축하였다. 이를 통해 생성된 ASMR 음원들을 우리의 분류 DNN 모델에 입력하여 그 정확성을 검증한 결과, 70% 이상의 정확도를 보여 제안하는 DNN 모델이 양질의 ASMR 음원들을 생성하였음을 시사한다.In the recent decade, a new genre of sounds called ASMR (Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response) became an internet sensation. ASMR refers to a group of special sounds that are known to trigger psychological comfort. ASMR sounds usually refer to everyday noise-like sounds (i.e. tapping or whispering), but quietened and isolated without any background noise. Due to its quality to trigger comfort, ASMR sound is often referred to as a trigger. Attracting millions of people throughout the world, ASMR made its way into various businesses, from being the subject of various television advertisements to creating professions that create quality ASMR sounds. Regardless of the platform, the process of creating quality ASMR sounds brings up the issue of low productivity, due to the excessive amount of time and effort it requires. This dissertation proposes DeepASMR, an ASMR platform based on deep learning that improves productivity of creating ASMR sounds. DeepASMR, uses deep neural networks (DNN) to classify the collected ASMR sounds and create new sounds based on the existing ones. Our proposed DNN model can increase the accuracy of classification of ASMR sounds up to 95%, surpassing the performance of existing DNN models used for urban sound or music classification. With this model, it is possible to efficiently create a large labelled database for various ASMR sounds, which allows users to explore and correctly identify ones triggers. Furthermore, methods for generating new ASMR sounds using DNN by either modifying or merging trigger sounds are proposed. We constructed DNN models for generation using the VAE (Variational Autoencoder) model and the GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) model. Finally, after generating ASMR sounds with our model for each chosen trigger, we fed the generated samples back into our classification model as inputs. This resulted in over 70% in accuracy, indicating our proposed generation model created quality ASMR sounds.제 1 장 서론 1 제 2 장 배경지식 3 제 3 장 딥러닝을 이용한 ASMR 분류 7 제 4 장 딥러닝을 이용한 ASMR 생성 9 제 5 장 실험결과 13 제 6 장 결론 및 향후 연구 23 참고문헌 24 Abstract 26Maste

건강행동과 사회적 자본이 건강상태에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 건강도시를 중심으로

Dept. of Health Administration/박사[한글] [영문]The purpose of this research is to provide the evidence for Healthy City development and program development through the investigation of the impact of health behavior, and social capital on health status by comparing a Healthy City and a non-Healthy City. The subjects of this research are a non-Healthy City located in Gyeonggi province and a Healthy City located in Seoul, which has started the Healthy City project in 2005. For the non-Healthy City, a survey targeting 729 people was conducted in May 2008 and for the Healthy City, a survey targeting 599 people was conducted in January 2010. In order to supplement the results of the survey, a semi-structured questionnaire was used and an interview with the persons responsible for the Healthy City project was carried out. The important results of this study are as follows.First, for health behaviors, the results of the study show that the respondents of the Healthy City drink less alcohol than respondents of the non-Healthy City and exercise more. For social capital, the respondents of the Healthy City has more trust in neighbors, had a sense of belonging to where they live, and participated in more volunteer activities than respondents of the non-Healthy City. Second, in regards to self-rated health, there were more respondents of the Healthy City who felt healthy and who felt less suicidal impulsiveness compared to respondents of the non-Healthy City. On the other hand, there were more chronic diseases in the Healthy City than the non-Healthy City. In the case of BMI, the difference between the Healthy City and the non-Healthy City is statistical insignificance.Third, after analyzing the four factors affecting the health status indicator (self-rated health, suicidal impulsiveness, chronic diseases, BMI), it was found that a male living in the Healthy City had good self-rated health if he was younger, had more trust in neighbors, volunteered, and gave help to those who need it. In regards to suicidal impulsiveness, those who lived in the Healthy City, was male, graduated from a college or higher, and had trust in neighbors felt less suicidal impulsiveness. For chronic diseases, there are more people with chronic diseases as the age increased for males. In regards to BMI, it was higher for those who lived in the Healthy City, those who are male, those who are older, those who are farmers or self-employed and those who had a spouse. In conclusion, those who lived in the Healthy City showed good health behavior, good social capital and self-rated health and the suicidal impulsiveness was generally low. It can be thought that the Healthy City's governance structure, healthy public policies, and healthy environment have an effect on theses positive results. This study's result shows that it is effective for local government to develop programs that contribute to the resident's health improvement through guiding residents to act in health behavior and educate the persons responsible for the Healthy City project on social capital by choosing a Healthy City strategy, forming a healthy environment, and collecting healthy public policies.ope

Effects of oxalate and vitamin C supplementations on calcium status in ovariectomized rats fed low calcium diet

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 식품영양학과, 2012. 8. 한성림.폐경기 여성의 에스트로겐 결핍과 칼슘 섭취량 부족은 폐경 후 골다공증의 주요 위험인자로 작용한다. 수산 섭취가 칼슘의 흡수에 좋지 않은 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으나 아직 수산이 칼슘 섭취가 부족한 상태에서 골격 대사에 미치는 영향과 그에 대한 메커니즘은 규명되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 난소를 절제한 흰쥐에 저칼슘 식이를 제공하여 골다공증이 유발될 가능성이 높은 동물모델에서 수산과 비타민 C의 과다 섭취가 칼슘의 영양 상태에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 8주령의 암컷 Sprague-Dawley rats에 난소 절제술을 시행하고 4군으로 나눈 후 네 가지 실험식이를 각각 4주간 제공하였다. 실험식이는 저칼슘 식이 (Low Ca (0.1% w/w) dietLCa), 수산을 보충한 저칼슘 식이 (Low Ca diet supplemented with sodium oxalate (0.5% w/w)LCa-Ox), 비타민 C를 보충한 저칼슘 식이 (Low Ca diet supplemented with vitamin C (2% w/w)LCa-VitC), 비타민 C와 수산을 보충한 저칼슘 식이 (Low Ca diet supplemented with vitamin C (2% w/w) and sodium oxalate (0.5% w/w)LCa-VitC-Ox)의 네 가지였다. 4주 후에 모든 실험동물을 희생시키고 시료를 수집하였다. 체중 증가량, 혈장 총 단백질, 알부민, 혈중요소질소(BUN), 크레아티닌, 무기질(칼슘, 마그네슘, 인) 농도, 총 칼슘과 수산 배설량, 요추와 대퇴골, 연조직의 무기질 함량을 측정하였다. 수산과 비타민 C 그리고 두 식이요인의 상호작용 효과를 검증하기 위해 이원분산분석(two-way ANOVA)을 실시하였고, 그룹 간 유의성은 Duncans multiple range test로 P < 0.05 수준에서 검증하였다. 초기체중은 군 간 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 최종체중은 수산과 비타민 C 간에 상호작용이 있었다. 수산만 보충한 군은 보충하지 않은 군에 비해 최종체중에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 비타민 C가 보충된 군에서 수산을 보충하였을 때에는 비타민 C만 보충한 군에 비해 유의적으로 최종체중이 낮았다. 식이 및 식수 섭취량은 군 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 뇨와 분을 통한 하루 총 칼슘 배설량은 수산을 보충한 군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 수산 보충에 의해 높아진 칼슘 배설은 뇨 보다는 분을 통한 배설 때문으로 대조군에 비해 수산 보충군에서 약 10배 더 많은 양의 칼슘이 분을 통해 배설되었다. 뇨와 분을 통한 하루 총 수산 배설량 역시 수산 보충군에서 유의적으로 높았고, 뇨 중 수산 배설량은 비타민 C와 수산을 보충하였을 때 수산만 보충한 경우보다 더 높았다. 혈장 총 단백질, 알부민, 혈중요소질소의 농도는 군 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈장 크레아티닌 농도는 수산 보충군에서 유의적으로 높았고 비타민 C 보충군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈장 칼슘함량은 수산과 비타민 C 간에 상호작용이 있었다. 수산만 보충한 군은 보충하지 않은 군에 비해 혈장 칼슘농도에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 비타민 C가 보충된 군에서 수산을 보충하였을 때에는 비타민 C만 보충한 군에 비해 혈장 칼슘농도가 유의적으로 낮았다. 요추(L2~L5)와 대퇴골의 칼슘 함량은 수산 보충군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 연조직의 칼슘 함량은 비장에서 수산 섭취에 의해 높아지는 경향을 보였으나 다른 조직에서는 군 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구는 칼슘 섭취가 부족한 폐경기 여성이 수산을 과다 섭취할 시 골 손실이 유발될 수 있음을 시사한다. 비타민 C를 단독으로 과다 섭취해도 섭취하지 않을 때와 비교하여 체내 칼슘 대사에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다. 다만 수산과 함께 비타민 C를 과다 섭취할 때에는 고-수산뇨증이 유발되어 신장 결석의 위험인자로 작용할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.Estrogen withdrawal is a well established risk factor for fracture and disturbance in calcium balance for postmenopausal women. Oxalate has been suggested as one of the factors causing calcium imbalance. High intake of calcium and oxalate can result in formation of insoluble salts in the intestine. However, the effect of dietary intake of oxalate combined with low calcium intake on calcium status has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxalate intake on calcium excretion and bone calcium content in ovariectomized rats fed low calcium diet. We also evaluated whether excessive intake of vitamin C, which is metabolized to oxalate, can cause kidney calcification. Thirty ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into four dietary groups: low calcium (0.1% Ca w/w) diet (control, LCa)LCa supplemented with sodium oxalate (0.5% Ox w/w) (LCa-Ox)LCa supplemented with vitamin C (2% VitC w/w) (LCa-VitC)LCa supplemented with vitamin C (2% VitC w/w) and sodium oxalate (0.5% Ox w/w) (LCa-VitC-Ox). The experimental diets were fed for 4 weeks. Body weight gain, plasma creatinine and calcium levels, total calcium and oxalic acid excretions, calcium contents in lumbar vertebrae, femur, and soft tissues were determined. Two-way ANOVA test was carried out to examine the effect of oxalate and vitamin C supplementations and interaction between the two factors. Individual comparisons among groups were done by Duncans multiple comparison procedure. Total 24-hr calcium and oxalic acid excretion, the sum of urinary and fecal excretion, was higher in oxalate supplemented groups. Calcium content in lumbar vertebrae and femur was lower in oxalate supplemented groups. LCa-VitC-Ox group had higher urinary oxalic acid excretion than LCa-VitC group. However, high intake of vitamin C did not affect calcium excretion and bone calcium content. The results from this study suggested that oxalate supplementation resulted in increased total 24-hr calcium excretion and bone calcium resorption in ovariectomized rats fed low calcium diet. The implication of this study is that excessive dietary intake of oxalate can lead to exacerbation of calcium status in already calcium-deficient condition associated with menopause and low dietary calcium intake.국문초록∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ⅰ 목 차∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ⅳ 표 목차∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ⅵ 그림 목차∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ⅷ 부록 목차∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ⅸ Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구배경∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙1 2. 연구목적∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙11 Ⅱ. 연구방법 1. 실험설계 및 실험동물∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12 2. 실험식이∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙14 3. 시료수집∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙17 4. 실험방법∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙19 5. 통계분석∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙24 Ⅲ. 실험결과 1. 체중증가 및 식이, 식수섭취량∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙25 2. 뇨와 분 분석 2.1. 뇨 배설량 및 신기능 지표∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙28 2.2. 뇨와 분 중 하루 총 칼슘, 수산 배설량∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙30 2.3. 뇨 중 무기질과 수산 배설량∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙32 2.4. 분 중 칼슘과 수산 배설량∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙34 2.5. 뇨와 분 중 시트르산과 아세트산 배설량∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙37 3. 혈장 분석 3.1. 신장 및 간 기능 지표∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙38 3.2. 혈장 ALP 활성 및 Ca, Mg, P 농도∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙40 4. 요추 및 대퇴골 분석 4.1. 요추, 대퇴의 무게 및 길이∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙42 4.2. 요추, 대퇴골의 무기질 함량∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙45 5. 조직 분석 5.1. 생조직 무게 및 조직의 무기질 함량∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙49 Ⅳ. 고찰∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙58 Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙64 참고문헌∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙66 약어 목록∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙72 부록∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙73 영문초록∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙77Maste

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학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :통계학과,2005.Maste

A Study on the Origin/Destination of Container Transshipment Cargo of Busan Port

Economic globalization removes the border between companies of each countries. The importance of international logistics is being more and more critical as the point of various logistic activities such as production, distribution, consumption are not the same anymore. Henceforth, Northeast Asian economy is expected to achieve high growth constantly in comparison of other economic region in the world. For such a reason, increase in container traffic will be brought and intense competition is also expected between nations to attract cargo. Generally, trans-shipment traffic is in the trend of increase since the growth of world's container market and ship upsizing trend. Furthermore, trans-shipment cargo create big added value. Attracting trans-shipment cargo is a must do of Busan Port because now in South Korea, domestic manufacturers are moving out to foreign countries so Korea is losing its own domestic originated cargo traffic. Hence, this study aims at figuring out the trend of trans-shipment traffic increase and movement and analysing trans-shipment figures of Busan, Japanese and Chinese ports to enhance the marketing strategy for Busan port by conducted O/D analysis of Busan port in Northeast region. Currently, Asian ports are rising. Specially, port of Shanghai is now ranked 2nd among the all ports in the world. Based on increase of container throughput, trans-shipment market in this region has been also developed and the competition between Busan, Yangshan new port(Shanghai), Singapore, Tanjung Pelepas, Kao-hsiung, Hong Kong and Shenzhen are very fierce promising incentives to provide. The analysis of trans-sihpment over East Asia shows inbound shipment from Japan, outbound to china and vice versa are increasing year by year. This denotes that Busan port takes advantages from its geopolitical condition, lower cost of labor than Japanese port and more advanced system than Chinese port. Busan port takes an important role as an intermediary trade port between Japan and China. In conclusion, port policy and strategy to attract transshipment cargo must be developed taking all these conditions into consideration.제1장 서론 1 1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 1.2 연구의 수행 방법 및 구성 1 제2장 세계 컨테이너 환적화물시장의 현황 3 2.1 컨테이너 시장의 변화에 따른 환적화물 현황 3 2.1.1 컨테이너 시장의 변화 3 2.1.2 환적화물 현황 8 2.2 선행연구 고찰 13 제3장 주요 컨테이너 환적항만 분석 17 3.1 세계 컨테이너 환적항만 분석 17 3.1.1 세계 주요 환적항만 동향 18 3.1.2 세계 주요 환적항만의 특성 28 3.2 동북아 컨테이너 환적항만 분석 29 3.2.1 중국의 환적 동향 30 3.2.2 일본의 환적 동향 37 3.2.3 부산항의 환적 동향 41 3.2.4 동북아 주요 환적항만의 특성 44 제4장 부산항 컨테이너 환적화물 네트워크 분석 45 4.1 대중국 네트워크 분석 46 4.2 대일본 네트워크 분석 50 4.3 시사점 55 제5장 결론 57 참고문헌 5