14 research outputs found

    Therapeutic co-targeting of WEE1 and ATM downregulates PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ๋ฐฉ์˜์ฃผ.Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, but there are currently no effective targeted treatments. The DNA damage response (DDR) is under investigation for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Since DNA repair pathway alterations have been found frequently in PC, the purpose of this study was to test the DDR-targeting strategy in PC using WEE1 and ATM inhibitors. Materials and Methods: We performed in vitro experiments using a total of ten human PC cell lines to evaluate anti-tumor effect of AZD1775 (WEE1 inhibitor) alone or combination with AZD0156 (ATM inhibitor). We established Capan-1-mouse model for in vivo experiments to confirm our findings. Results: In our research, we found that WEE1 inhibitor (AZD1775) as single agent showed anti-tumor effects in PC cells, however, targeting WEE1 upregulated p-ATM level. Here, we observed that co-targeting of WEE1 and ATM acted synergistically to reduce cell proliferation and migration, and to induce DNA damage in vitro. Notably, inhibition of WEE1 or WEE1/ATM downregulated PD-L1 expression by blocking GSK-3ฮฒ serine 9 phosphorylation and decrease of CMTM6 expression. In Capan-1 mouse xenograft model, AZD1775 plus AZD0156 (ATM inhibitor) treatment reduced tumor growth and downregulated tumor expression of PD-L1, CMTM6, and CXCR2, all of which contribute to tumor immune evasion. Conclusion: Dual blockade of WEE1 and ATM might be a potential therapeutic strategy for PC. Taken together, our results support further clinical development of DDR-targeting strategies for PC.์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์•”์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ DNA ์†์ƒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์•”์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์—์„œ DNA ๋ณต๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” WEE1๊ณผ ATM ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ DNA ์†์ƒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „๋žต์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 10๊ฐœ์˜ ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ in vitro ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ AZD1775 (WEE1 ์–ต์ œ์ œ)์˜ ๋‹จ๋… ๋˜๋Š” AZD0156 (ATM ์–ต์ œ์ œ)์™€์˜ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ Capan-1 ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์˜ ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ AZD1775๋Š” ๋‹จ๋… ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ทŒ์žฅ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋“ค์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  s-phase์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•ญ์•”ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— p-ATM์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. AZD1775์™€ AZD0156์˜ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹๊ณผ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  DNA ์†์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ p-GSK 3ฮฒ์™€ CMTM6์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ PD-L1์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. In vivo ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” PD-L1, CMTM6, CXCR2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” WEE1์™€ ATM์˜ ๋ณ‘์šฉ ์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•ญ์ข…์–‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ทŒ์žฅ์•”์—์„œ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ DNA ์†์ƒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------i CONTENTS -------------------------------------------------iii LIST OF TABLES------------------------------------------vi LIST OF FIGURES----------------------------------------vii INTRODUCTION-----------------------------------------------1 MATERIALS AND METHODS------------------------------4 1. Human cell lines and reagents ------------------------------------4 2. Cell viability assay ------------------------------------------4 3. Colony formation assay -------------------------------------5 4. Western blot analysis ----------------------------------------5 5. Immunoprecipitation ----------------------------------------6 6. Cell cycle analysis-------------------------------------------6 7. Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay -------------------------------7 8. Comet assay -------------------------------------------------------------7 9. Transwell migration assay---------------------------------------8 10. PD-L1 expression analysis by flow cytometry--------------8 11. Human cytokine array------------------------------------------9 12. Human phospho-kinase array----------------------------------9 13. Tumor xenograft experiments---------------------------------9 14. Mouse cytokine array-------------------------------------------10 15. Statistical analysis-----------------------------------------------10 RESULTS----------------------------------------------------------12 1. WEE1 inhibition inhibits the proliferation of PC cells ----------12 2. WEE1 inhibition induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis in PC cells-------------------13 3. Co-inhibition of WEE1 and ATM profoundly impairs activation of the HR pathway of DNA repair.-------17 4. Co-inhibition of WEE1 and ATM synergistically induces DNA damage.--------------------------------------19 5. Co-inhibition of WEE1 and ATM efficiently suppresses PC cell migration.---------------------------------21 6. Co-inhibition of WEE1 and ATM downregulates PD-L1 expression in PC cells ------------------------------25 7. Co-inhibition of WEE1 and ATM augmented anti-tumor growth in Capan-1-xenograft model----------29 DISCUSSION---------------------------------------------------33 REFERENCES-------------------------------------------------37 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN-----------------------------------41Docto

    Alteration of TGF-ฮฒ-ALK-Smad signaling in hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia model of newborn rats

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2013. 8. ๊น€ํ•œ์„.Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a main chronic lung disease that commonly occurs in preterm infants. BPD is characterized by impaired alveolarization and vascularization of the developing lung. The transforming growth factor-ฮฒ (TGF-ฮฒ) signaling pathway is known to play an important role during lung vascular development. Objective: To investigate whether the regulation of TGF-ฮฒ-ALK-Smad signaling pathway influences the disruption of pulmonary vascular development in newborn rats using a hyperoxia-induced BPD model. Methods: Neonatal rats were continuously exposed to 21% or 85% O2 for 7 days and subsequently kept in normoxic conditions for another 14 days. Lung tissues were harvested at each time point and were evaluated for the expression of TGF-ฮฒ1, ALK1, ALK5, phosphorylated Smad1/5, phosphorylated Smad2/3, VEGF and endoglin by both biochemical and immunohistological analyses. Results: Double-fluorescence immunohistochemical staining indicated that these molecules were mainly expressed in pulmonary endothelial cells. The expression of TGF-ฮฒ1 and ALK5 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in the D5 hyperoxia group, while the expression of ALK1 mRNA and protein was significantly decreased. The level of phosphorylated Smad1/5 was significantly decreased in the D7 hyperoxia group, whereas the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 was increased. In addition, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was increased at D1, with a subsequent decrease in the D7 hyperoxia group. There was no significant difference in endoglin expression over the entire experimental period. Conclusion: Our results indicate that exposure to hyperoxia altered the balance between the TGF-ฮฒ-ALK1-Smad1/5 and TGF-ฮฒ-ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling pathways in pulmonary endothelial cells, which may ultimately lead to the development of BPD.Abstractโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ โ…ฐ Contentsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ โ…ฒ List of tables and figuresโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ…ณ Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 1 Material and Methodsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 5 Resultsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 13 Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ26 Referencesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ31 Abstract in Koreanโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 38Docto

    ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์š”์ธ : ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต,2004.Maste

    The Impact of Technology on World Trade

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œํ†ต์ƒ์ „๊ณต), 2014. 2. ๊น€์ข…์„ญ.Growing world economy and varying demand resulted in the explosive expansion of exports worldwide. Manufacturing exports, which has become the main driver of exports, has grown enormously. At the same time, the role of developing countries is becoming more important. Also, export sophistication is an inevitable trend which affects overall export patterns. Understanding this circumstance, this thesis identifies the determinants which encourage this change. There are common or country specific factors which affect exports. This thesis, however, focuses on the role of the technology and postulates that a countrys level of technology is the key determinant of exports. Technology, which builds a production capacity (both qualitatively and quantitively), can improve a firm or a nations production competitiveness. Therefore, a countrys level of technology ultimately contributes to the export growth. Hence, this thesis aims to identify the relationship between the level of technology and a country's share of export in the world. Also, adapting Hummels and Klenows methodology, this research decomposes a countrys share on world export as an intensive margin and an extensive margin. Further, it aims to find out the impact of the level of technology on a countrys export share, intensive margin, and extensive margin. Therefore, it diagnoses the main channel (between intensive margin and extensive margin) of delivering the impact of the level of technology on a countrys share of export. R&D expenditure and High-technology exports are represents the level of technology of each country. This research tests eight different models. In general, the impact of technology on total world exports is not as high as the impact of income or labor, but the impact to manufacturing exports is higher than its impact to total exports. Results also demonstrate that, the contribution of the level of technology is delivered through intensive margin mostly. However, only for the analysis on the impact of high-technology exports on developing countries' share of exports, extensive margin plays more crucial role than intensive margin to deliver the effect of technology on the share of exports.CHAPTER โ… . INTRODUCTION 1. Background 2. Research questions CHAPTER โ…ก. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Technology improvement and its impact on world exports 2. The implication of Intensive margin and Extensive margin CHAPTER โ…ข. METHODOLOGY 1. Calculation of Intensive margin and Extensive margin 2. OLS estimations 3. Data collection CHAPTER โ…ฃ. EMPIRICAL RESULTS 1. Analysis of intensive and extensive margin 2. The impact of technology on exports CHAPTER โ…ค. CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋กMaste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œกํ–‰์ •์ „๊ณต), 2013. 8. ์ •๋™์šฑ.ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ ์ž์›์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ด์ž„์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธˆ์ „์ โ€ค๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ž์›๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์—ฌ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต๋‚ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ž์› ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ์‹คํƒœ ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ 2์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 196๊ฐœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ 6,206๋ช…์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ, 177๊ฐœ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต์™€ 5,111๋ช…์˜ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ, 150๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ 5,931๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๋กœ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ต์ง ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ, ํ˜„์ž„๊ต ์žฌ์ง๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ, ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ œ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์‹œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋„, ํ‰๊ท  ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ, ์—ฌ๊ต์‚ฌ๋น„์œจ, ํ•™๊ต SES, ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹คํ•ญ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ตโ€ค๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ „ ํ•™๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ, ๊ต์ง๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์ž„๊ต ์žฌ์ง๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‚จ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต๋‚ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ํŠน์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „์ฒด ๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์„ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5, 6ํ•™๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‚จ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ •๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ค‘ํ•™๊ตโ€ค๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ด์ž„๊ณผ ๋น„๋‹ด์ž„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™๋…„๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋น„๋‹ด์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด์ž„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ๊ต์‚ฌ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ง๊ต์‚ฌ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์„ ๋งก์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต๋‚ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฐฐ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ์ผ๋งฅ์ƒํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ธ‰๋‹ด์ž„์„ ๋” ๋งก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ 1%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ •์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ต์ง ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅโ€ค์†Œ์†ํ•™๊ต ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณต์„œ์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™๊ต ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ, ์ „์ž…๊ต์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณต์„œ์—ด ์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ธ‰๋‹ด์ž„ ์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ๋น„๋‹ด์ž„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ง๋ฌด ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์ง€๋„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์€ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‚™๋‹ด๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค ์†์—์„œ ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์‹คํƒœ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๊ธฐํ”ผ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์€ ์ ์žฌ์ ์†Œ์˜ ์›์น™๊ณผ ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ž์›๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ ์ง€๋„ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ด์ž„๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํ–‰โ€ค์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์› ์ œ๊ณต, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์— ๋ฐฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋งˆ๋ จ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์„ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 5 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  6 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 1. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ •์˜ ์˜์˜ 8 2. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„์ œ 9 3. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ 12 4. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 13 5. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ญํ•  15 6. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 25 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 33 1. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 33 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ ์ • 34 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 42 โ…ฃ. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 47 1. ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰๋ณ„ MOR(Median Odds Ratio) ๋„์ถœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 47 2. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ 48 3. ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ 58 4. ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ 64 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ 71 1. ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ ๋น„๊ต 71 2. ๋‹ด์ž„๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋‹ด์ž„๊ธฐํ”ผ ํ˜„์ƒ 73 3. ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์‹คํƒœ์˜ ์›์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 75 4. ์ €๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  77 5. ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ„ ํ•™๊ธ‰ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ฐฐ์ • ์ฐจ์ด 78 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  81 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 85 Abstract 95Maste

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    Resistance mechanism to Trastuzumab in HER2-positive cancer cells and its overcome by Src inhibition

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 8. ๋ฐฉ์˜์ฃผ.Background: Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy is a standard of care for patients with HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer. Resistance mechanism to trastuzumab, anti-HER2 therapy, includes multiple pathways. Among them, Src is not well known especially in HER2-positive gastric and biliary tract cancers. We investigated the role of Src involved in trastuzumab resistance and explored the potential of Src inhibition as a trastuzumab resistance overcoming strategy. Methods: Four trastuzumab-resistant (HR) cells (SNU216HR, N87HR, SNU2670HR, SNU2773HR) were established from 2 HER2-amplified gastric cancer cells (SNU216, NCI-N87) and 2 HER2-amplified biliary tract cancer cells (SNU2670, SNU2773). For Src inhibition, bosutinib was used. MTT assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis by FACS Calibur flow cytometer, and cell migration assay were done. Animal experiments were conducted to test anti-tumor effect of bosutinib using SNU2670 and SNU2670HR xenograft models. Results: SNU2670HR/NCI-N87HR cells showed pSrc activation, in contrast, SNU216HR/SNU2773HR cells exhibited decreased pSrc expression. In these pSrc decreased HR cells, pFAK was elevated. Bosutinib downregulated Src-FAK signaling more obviously in Src activated HR cells than parental cells. In pSrc decreased HR cells, bosutinib reduced Src-dependent FAK phosphorylation to affect cell fate. Bosutinib inhibited the growth of both parental cells and HR cells, and induced apoptosis and G1 arrest in HR cells. Bosutinib suppressed HR cell migration more effectively compared with parental cells. Bosutinib exhibited potent tumor growth inhibition in both SNU2670 and SNU2670HR xenograft models and more significantly suppressed tumor growth in HR models. Conclusion: Src activation may contribute to trastuzumab resistance in part in HER2-positive gastric and biliary tract cancer cells. Targeting Src might be a candidate strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive cancers.INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 4 1. Cell lines and reagents 4 2. Generation of trastuzumab resistant cell lines 4 3. Cell growth inhibition assay 4 4. Colony formation assay 5 5. Western blot 5 6. Cell cycle analysis 5 7. Migration assay 5 8. In vivo study 6 RESULTS 7 1. Characterization of trastuzumab resistant (HR) cell lines 7 2. Bosutinib inhibits the growth of both parental and HR cells 9 3. Src contributes to trastuzumab resistance and Src inhibitor downregulates the signaling pathway 13 4. Bosutinib induces G1 arrest and apoptosis 15 5. Bosutinib inhibits HR cell migration more effectively compared with parental cells 18 6. In vitro effects of combination of trastuzumab and bosutinib 21 7. Bosutinib overcomes trastuzumab resistance in vivo 27 DISCUSSION 30 REFERENCES 33 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 38Maste

    Analysis of factors influencing on readmission of home ventilator-assisted children

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    ์•„๋™๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰, ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์‘๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ž…์› ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ›„ํ–ฅ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์žฅ์ฐฉ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉ ํ›„ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์ž…์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ์ž…์›์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ S ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ 2007๋…„ 6์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2010๋…„ 5์›” 31์ผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉ ํ›„ ํ‡ด์›ํ•œ ์•„๋™ 30๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 30๋ช… ์ค‘ 21๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์žฌ์ž…์› 63์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์žฅ์ฐฉ ํ›„ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์› ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  2.1ํšŒ, ์ด์žฌ์ž…์›์ผ์€ ํ‰๊ท  7.43์ผ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์œ„๊ด€์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์› ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ (t=7.232, p=.012), ์ด์žฌ์ž…์›๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=4.761, p=.038). ์‹ฌํ˜ธํก๊ณ„ ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์› ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค(t=5.444, p=.027). ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žฌ์ž…์› ์‹œ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค(t=6.745, p=.007). ์žฌ์ž…์› ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์›ํšŸ์ˆ˜(t=6.466, p=.000)์™€ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์› ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(t=14.686, p=.000)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ž…์› ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 2์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์› ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(t=7.414, p=.008). ์ด์ค‘ ์ด์žฌ์ž…์› ํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌํ˜ธํก๊ณ„ ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ์ž…์› ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ 38.1%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด์žฌ์ž…์›๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์–‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด 15.0%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋‘์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์‹ฌํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜, ๋น„์œ„๊ด€ ์˜์–‘์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žฌ์ž…์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ œ๊ณต์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์‘๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€, ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์œ ํ•œ ์žฌ์ž…์›์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.restrictio

    A study on the Effectiveness of Urban air temperature Through Citizen Participation

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    At the point of implementing policies related to urban heat through the overall environmental assess- ment of the city using national data, citizen science projects that can collect data in a wide range are emerging for effective policy establishment. Although the utility of citizen data is improving, data qual- ity is a primary concern for researchers employing public participation in scientific research. In this study, validation was conducted based on citizen data acquired in the Suwon City Heat Map Project, and the applicability to temperature monitoring was confirmed based on the results. As a result of ana- lyzing the validity verification of citizen data using three methods, the data result value is 0.843, RMSE: 0.683 โ„ƒ , and a meaningful value was found within 3km of national data. We found that citizen data utilization is high through the results of this study and These projects are expected to be used as basic data for establishing effective policies or can be reflected in the various planning.N
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