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    ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ-๋””์ ค ์˜ˆํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์œตํ•ฉ์—ฐ์†Œ ์—”์ง„์—์„œ ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ™•์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2020. 8. ๋ฏผ๊ฒฝ๋•.Internal combustion engines have attracted attention as one of the sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) so that the emission regulations are becoming stringent. Diesel engines, which are advantageous for CO2 emissions based on high efficiency, have begun to come into the spotlight. However, Volkswagen scandal with the human hazards of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) which are representative exhaust emissions of diesel engines became remarkable, emission regulations based on WLTP and RDE are expected to continue to be severe. The advantage of dual-fuel combustion as a new advanced combustion technology is that low exhaust emission level can be achieved while maintaining high thermal efficiency based on pre-mixed compression ignition and also the combustion can be controlled by using different reactivity of two types of fuel. The control of the combustion phase can be possible with various strategies such as fuel substitution rates, fuel injection timing, EGR rate and so on. However, there is a disadvantage that pre-mixed compression ignition causes knocking and high pressure rise rate. So, the operating load range is limited compared to diesel engine. Thus, research for load expansion of dual-fuel combustion is necessary. In this study, the high load expansion strategy was investigated by changing the effective compression ratio on gasoline-diesel dual-fuel premixed compression ignition engine. The effective compression ratio was adjusted by delaying the intake valve close timing via the intake valve actuator system. First of all, the experiments were conducted to find geometric compression ratio that could show higher thermal efficiency than conventional diesel engines under low load operating condition. The gross thermal efficiency of the EURO 6 engine was 43.8% under low load driving condition. At this time, the comparison of optimization results at the same operating point by applying geometric compression ratio of 14 and 15 respectively. In case of geometric compression ratio 14 showed a lower thermal efficiency of 41.4% while geometric compression ratio 15 showed a higher thermal efficiency as 44.3% than conventional diesel engine. Thus, base geometric compression ratio was applied as 15. With geometric compression ratio 15, the high load expansion experiments were carried out with the various effective compression ratio at 1,500 and 1,750 rpm. The effective compression ratio through LIVC was continuously controllable from 15.0 to 9.3. At 1,500 rpm high load operating condition, the effective compression ratio 14.1, 12.7, 11.1 and 10.6 were applied respectively. As a result, the full load limit increased by 10.5% while maintaining the equivalent thermal efficiency up to the effective compression ratio of 12.7. And the full load limit can be increased further with the lower effective compression ratio, but the thermal efficiency also tended to decrease due to reduced combustion reactivity. At 1,750 rpm, high load conditions with certain effective compression ratio based on 1,500 rpm experiment results, the load tended to expand with the equivalent thermal efficiency, and if the effective compression ratio was further reduced, the thermal efficiency tended to decrease at the same time as the load expansion.2000๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์› ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์†ก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ SI ์—”์ง„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์—ดํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์†Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋””์ ค ์••์ถ• ์ฐฉํ™” ์—”์ง„์ด ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋””์ ค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ์ž‘ ํŒŒ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋””์ ค ์—”์ง„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์ธ ์งˆ์†Œ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ (NOx) ๊ณผ ์ž…์ž์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ (PM)์˜ ์ธ์ฒด ์œ ํ•ด์„ฑ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์šด์ „ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋“œ์ธ WLTP์™€ ์‹ค๋„๋กœ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ ์‹œํ—˜์ธ RDE๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ์žฌ์ˆœํ™˜ (EGR) ์ „๋žต๊ณผ Lean NOx Trap (LNT), Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์— ์„ ์ œ์  ๋Œ€์‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋””์ ค ์••์ถ• ์ฐฉํ™” ์—”์ง„์˜ ๋†’์€ ์—ดํšจ์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‹ ์—ฐ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‹ ์—ฐ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ HCCI์™€ ๋””์ ค PCCI ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ์‹ ์—ฐ์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ ์œตํ•ฉ ์—ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์œตํ•ฉ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋Š” 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์••์ถ• ์ฐฉํ™” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๋žต๋“ค๋กœ ์—ฐ์†Œ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์••์ถ• ์ฐฉํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋…ธํ‚น ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ๋กœ ์†Œ์Œ, ์ง„๋™ ์œ ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋””์ ค ์••์ถ• ์ฐฉํ™” ์—”์ง„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ •์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ-๋””์ ค ์˜ˆํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์œตํ•ฉ์—ฐ์†Œ ์—”์ง„์—์„œ ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ™•์žฅ ์ „๋žต์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ํก๊ธฐ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ ์•ก์ธ„์—์ดํ„ฐ(VVA) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํก๊ธฐ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ ๋‹ซํž˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ด(LIVC)์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์šด์ „ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉ ๋””์ ค ์—”์ง„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†’์€ ์—ดํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์••์ถ•๋น„ (Geometric CR)๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋กœ 6 ๋Œ€์ƒ ์—”์ง„์˜ ์ €๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์šด์ „ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์—ดํšจ์œจ์€ 43.8%์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์••์ถ•๋น„ 14์™€ 15๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์šด์ „์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์••์ถ•๋น„ 14์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 41.4%๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋””์ ค ์—”์ง„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ดํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์••์ถ•๋น„ 15๋Š” 44.3%๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉ ๋””์ ค ์—”์ง„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†’์€ ์—ดํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์••์ถ•๋น„๋Š” 15๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„, 1,500 rpm ๋ฐ 1,750 rpm์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ™•์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์••์ถ•๋น„ 15๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํก๊ธฐ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ ๋‹ซํž˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ง€์—ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 9.3๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์† ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 14.1, 12.7, 11.1 ๋ฐ 10.6์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„ 12.7 ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋™๋“ฑ ์—ดํšจ์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ 10.5% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์–ด ์—ดํšจ์œจ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 1,750 rpm, ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—ดํšจ์œจ์„ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์œ ํšจ์••์ถ•๋น„๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ™•์žฅ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ดํšจ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Previous Research 6 1.3 Introduction of Dual-fuel PCI strategy 8 1.4 Research Motivation and Objective 11 Chapter 2. Experimental Apparatus 13 2.1 Experimental Setup 13 2.2 Fuel properties and substitution rate of dual-fuel 20 2.3 Experimental Condition 21 2.4 Variable Valve Actuation System and effective CR 23 Chapter 3. Experimental Results and Discussion 29 3.1 Optimization of Dual-fuel PCI combustion 29 3.2 Determination of optimical geometric CR for high thermal efficiency under low load condition 36 3.3 High load expansion with reduced effective CR via LIVC 40 Chapter 4. Conclusions 52 Chapter 5. Bibliography 56 ๊ตญ ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ ๋ก 59Maste

    ์ค‘์ฒฉ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ œ๊ณต๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€, 2014. 2. ์ด์ฒ ํฌ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์ œ๊ณต๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” 2๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์ฒฉ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์„ฑ์ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ฌธ 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ๋ชจํ˜• 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค์ • 6 1 ํˆฌ์ž๋™๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ˜• 7 2 ์†Œ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ˜• 9 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 11 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ถ”์ •๋ชจํ˜• 13 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํ‘œ๋ณธ: ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ 16 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 18 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ถ”์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 18 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ œ์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ถ„์„ 20 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  23 ํ‘œ 25 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 34 ABSTRACT 36Maste

    ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ

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    ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์•„์ ธ๋„ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ 30๋Œ€์— ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ U์žํ˜• ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์žฌ์ง์ž์˜ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๋น„์œจ๋„ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” 15.6%, ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” 23.7%๋กœ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค 8.1%p ๋‚ฎ์Œ. ๊ณ ์กธ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™์ž๋Š” 20๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์ด 31.5%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€์กธ ์ด์ƒ์€ 40๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์ด 34.7%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์Œ. ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ยท์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™์ž ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์€ 30๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’์•„์ง. ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ํ›„์ง„ํ•™์ž๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹ ์ž…์ง์› ๋น„์œจ(52.9%)์€ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 3~9๋…„์ธ ์ง์›(41.8%)๊ณผ 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ž์˜ ๋น„์œจ(33.0%)์ด ๋†’์Œ. ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณ ์กธ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€˜ํ•™์œ„ ์ทจ๋“๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์ •(39.5%)โ€™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€์กธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™์ž๋Š” โ€˜์ง๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ(54.4%)โ€™๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์Œ.The percentage of males who participate in the Employment First, Life-Long Education Later program changes little in older age groups, but the percentage falls drastically in females in their 30s, showing a U-shaped pattern. The percentage of employed people with 10 or more years of service who participate in the Employment First, Life-Long Education Later program is 15.6% among females and 23.7% among males, which indicates that the percentage of females is 8.1 percentage points (pp) lower than that among males. Among people with a high school education, the percentage who participates in the Employment First, Life-Long Education Later program is the highest in those in their 20s, at 31.5%, while among people with a junior college or higher education, the percentage is highest among those in their 40s, at 34.7%. In terms of age and region, the percentage of program participants who live in the capital areas drops significantly in those aged 30 or older, while the percentage of program participants who live in non-capital areas increases with age. Among people working for small and medium-sized companies, the percentage of program participants is high in workers with 2 or fewer years of service (52.9%). On the other hand, among people working for large companies, the percentage is high in workers with 3 to 9 years of service (41.8%) and in workers with 10 or more years of service (33.0%). Regarding the reason for partaking in the Employment First, Life-Long Education Later program, among program participants with a high school education, the percentage who answered 'to earn a degree and social recognition' is the highest (39.5%), while among program participants with a junior college or higher education, the percentage who answered 'to enhance job competencies' is the highest (54.4%)

    ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—… ๋ฐ ์ง„๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

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    ์ง์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง„ํ•™๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ๊ต ์กธ์—… ํ›„ ๋จผ์ € ์ทจ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•จ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ง„ํ•™์„ ์„ ํƒํ•จ. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ „๊ณต ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ 57.9%๊ฐ€ ์ง์—…์ง„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํฌ๋ง ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ด ์ง์—…์ง„๋กœ์ง€๋„์™€ ์ƒ๋‹ด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ž„. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—…(์ฐฝ์—…)์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๋กœ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ ์ทจ๋“์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„์›€์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ง€์›๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ผฝ์Œ.Most multicultural youths attending a vocational high school in Korea prefer entering the job market to going to college after graduation. This is why youths from multicultural families choose either a vocational high school or a specialized vocational high school called โ€œmeister high schoolโ€ Korea. More than half of multicultural youths are satisfied with their majors. Although 57.9% of them want to work after graduation, they do not have sufficient knowledge about the career of their choice, which necessitates a scheme to offer a career program and advice. Multicultural youths have been found to believe that obtaining vocational qualifications is the most important in landing a job or starting a career. As for the areas in which they need most help in school, they cited basic academic skills and a greater understanding of multiculturalism by their teachers and classmates. *The full-text is available in Korean only

    A Study on the Characteristics of School Neighborhood Environment according to the Types of Urban Form in Seoul

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๊น€์ŠนํšŒ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ , ํ†ตํ•™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์ฃผ๊ตฌ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ค์ •์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ค์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ†ตํ•™๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ†ตํ•™์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ†ตํ•™ ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์†์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ค์ •์€ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ†ตํ•™ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค, ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์ถฉ์กฑ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ์šธ์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ƒ์—…, ์—…๋ฌด์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค์„ž์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ฃผํƒ์œ ํ˜•, ์ธ๊ตฌํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ฒด๊ณ„, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์šฉ๋„, ์ธ์ ‘ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๊ณผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์ฃผ๊ตฌ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ†ตํ•™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ค์ •์€ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ ์ •๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํŽธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ๋„์‹œ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์ƒ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์— ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ์žํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ์—…, ์—…๋ฌด์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ํฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ทจํ•™์ธ๊ตฌ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ทจํ•™์ธ๊ตฌ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋‹น ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์กฐ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ™ฉ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ ์„ค์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์„œ์šธ์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ค์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๋ณดํ–‰ํ†ตํ•™์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ํ†ตํ•™ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ต์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•™๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„๋กœ์™€ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ์šธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ ์„ค์ • ์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋„์‹œ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์กฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 3. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ž…์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ , ์ธ๋ฌธ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๊ฒฐ์š”์†Œ์ž„์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ, ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ–‰ํ†ตํ•™์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ†ตํ•™์‹œ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋กœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ •๋น„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ†ตํ•™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์ง€์—ญ์šฉ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ†ตํ•™์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ์„ ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.1์žฅ. ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  2 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 1.3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ 5 2์žฅ. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 2.1. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ 8 2.1.1. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 8 2.1.2. ํ•™๊ต ์ž…์ง€์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ 10 2.1.3. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ†ตํ•™์ž…์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ 16 2.2. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜• 20 2.2.1. ์ฃผํƒ ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 20 2.2.2. ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜• 21 2.3. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 27 2.3.1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 27 2.3.2. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 3์žฅ. ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ†ตํ•™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์„ 35 3.1. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ†ตํ•™์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ฑ 36 3.1.1. ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์„ค์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ 36 3.1.2. ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 37 3.1.3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 40 3.2. ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋ถ„์„ 41 3.2.1. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 41 3.2.2. ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ ์„ค์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 43 3.3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 45 4์žฅ. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์„ 47 4.1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์„ ์ • 48 4.1.1. ์„ ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ 48 4.1.2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๊ด„ 50 4.2. ์ง€์—ญ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ 54 4.2.1. ์ฃผํƒ ์œ ํ˜• 54 4.2.2. ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 58 4.2.3. ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 61 4.2.4. ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋„ 66 4.2.5. ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์šฉ๋„ 68 4.3. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ 71 4.3.1. ๋„์‹ฌ์ง€์—ญ 71 4.3.2. ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€์—ญ 76 4.3.3. ๊ฒฉ์žํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ 82 4.3.4. ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋ฐ€์ง‘์ง€์—ญ 86 4.3.5. ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœ์ƒํ˜• ๊ณ ๋ฐ€์ง€์—ญ 90 4.4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 94 5์žฅ. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํ•™๊ต๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ†ตํ•™ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 95 5.1. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ ์ •๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ 96 5.2. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ†ตํ•™๊ตฌ์—ญ 98 5.3. ๋ณดํ–‰ํ†ตํ•™์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ 101 5.4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 102 6์žฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  105 6.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  106 6.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 107 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 108 Abstract 111Maste

    ๊ณ ์กธ ์žฌ์ง๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

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    ๊ณ ์กธ ์ทจ์—…์ž ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 60.9%, ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 56.0%๋กœ, ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•จ. ๊ณ ์กธ ์ทจ์—…์ž์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ(55.5%)์ด 3๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „๋งํ•จ. ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” โ€˜ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ(33.8%)โ€™, โ€˜ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ(27.0%)โ€™, โ€˜ํ•™์œ„ ์ทจ๋“์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ(24.9%)โ€™์ž„. ํ›„์ง„ํ•™ ๊ณ„์†๊ต์œก์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” โ€˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ(33.8%)โ€™, โ€˜ํ•™์œ„ ์ทจ๋“์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ(24.7%)โ€™, โ€˜๊ณต๋ถ€์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ(22.4%)โ€™์ž„.60.9% of employed high school graduates think they need continuing education and 56.0% intend to participate in continuing education, meaning the desire to take part in continuing education is very high. More than half of employed high school graduates (55.5%) want to participate in continuing education sometime in the next 3 years, and this demand is expected to increase. Respondents said the main reason for participating in continuing education is "personal development unrelated to my current work responsibilities" (33.8%), followed by "to improve my capacity to fulfill current work responsibilities" (27.0%), and "to receive social recognition by acquiring a degree" (24.9%). Respondents said the main reason for not wanting to participate in continuing education is "lack of time available" (33.8%), "lack of perceived necessity to acquire a degree" (24.7%), and "lack of interest in studying" (22.4%)

    Predicting the response of patients with advanced urothelial cancer to methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC) after the failure of gemcitabine and platinum (GP)

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    BACKGROUND: Platinum-based systemic chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). Although no chemotherapeutic regimen is established as a second-line therapy, recent studies reported that methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin and cisplatin (MVAC) elicited a significant response in patients who failed gemcitabine and platinum (GP) chemotherapy. We investigated the clinical factors useful for predicting a favourable response to MVAC in UC patients who failed GP. METHODS: Forty-five patients with advanced UC who received second-line MVAC chemotherapy after failure with first-line GP chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses based on Cox's regression were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) after second-line MVAC chemotherapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up period after the first MVAC administration was 10.0 months. The median PFS and overall survival (OS) were 6.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1-7.9) and 14.5 months (95% CI, 7.4-21.4), respectively. The overall response rate was 57.8%. The response to first-line GP chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.500; p = 0.012) and patient age (HR, 1.047; p = 0.033) were predictors of PFS after MVAC chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The response to first-line GP chemotherapy and age were independent predictors of PFS in patients who received second-line MVAC chemotherapy. This report is the first to describe independent predictors of PFS after MVAC chemotherapy.ope

    ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ์ฒดํ—˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ค€๋น„๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

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    ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์˜ ์ธ์ , ๋ฌผ์  ์ž์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง์—… ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ. ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์˜ 78.1%๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์†Œ๋„์‹œ(80.4%)์™€ ์๋ฉด์ง€์—ญ(80.9%)์˜ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ. ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์˜ ์šด์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ์ธ์ ์ž์› ์ธํ”„๋ผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์„ฑ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ํ™๋ณด๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์Œ. ํ˜„์žฌ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์—์„œ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ โ€˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ฒดํ—˜โ€™์ด 72.9%๋กœ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ. ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์˜ ์• ๋กœ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋ฐ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ต์›์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๊ณผ์ค‘(28.6%), ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์šด์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋ถ€์กฑ(26.6%) ๋“ฑ์„ ์• ๋กœ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝ์Œ. ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ด๋‹น ๊ต์›์˜ ๊ณผ์ค‘ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ. ๋˜, ์ž์œ ํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ณผ ํ™๋ณด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ.Free learning semester system programs that make use of specialized high school human and material resources are needed to help middle school students understand the various careers available in the job world. 78.1% of specialized high schools said there is a need to implement free learning semester system programs for middle school students, and small and mid-sized city (80.4%) and rural community specialized high schools (80.9%) in particular said such programs are highly necessary. Examination of the conditions required for specialized high school management of free learning semester system programs reveals that facilities and human resources are more than sufficient, but that public understanding and promotion of free learning semester system programs are sub-standard. Since 72.9% of free learning semester system programs currently offered at specialized high schools are for "previewing a major," a greater variety of programs are required. Difficulties identified by specialized high schools currently operating free learning semester system programs include interruptions of student learning opportunities and heavy workloads among supervising instructors (28.6%), insufficient funds for program operation (26.6%), etc. Heavy workloads among instructors must be alleviated through the use of expert regional human resources who are willing to take part in instruction. Furthermore, overall funding must also be secured for publicly promoting schools and departments that offer free learning semester system programs, and for enriching these programs with greater variety

    ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์› ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

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    โ—‹ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณ„๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์›์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ. - ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜„์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์› ์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์šด์˜, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ง์—… ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ํŠน์„ฑํ™” ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์› ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋น„, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์› ์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์ž„. โ—‹ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง์—… ๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ „๋ฌธ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์›์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ต์ง ์ž…์ง ์ด์ „์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ์ž…์ง ์ดํ›„์˜ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ. - ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ „๋ฌธ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์›์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ. ๋˜, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ „๋ฌธ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์›์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ ํ™•๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ต์› ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ž„์šฉ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ. โ—‹ ์ด์— ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์ง๋ฌด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ต์œก, ํ˜„์ง์—ฐ์ˆ˜๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ. โ… . ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ โ…ก. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  โ…ข. ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์› ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์‹คํƒœ 1. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์˜ ์ง๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 2. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์› ์–‘์„ฑ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‹คํƒœ 3. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์› ์—ฐ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‹คํƒœ 4. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ •์ฑ… 5. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  โ…ฃ. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๊ต์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 1. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์›์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ์ž‘์—… 2. ๊ต์› ์–‘์„ฑ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ์„  3. ๊ต์› ํ˜„์ง ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ์„  4. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ณ„๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ต์›์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ์ œ
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