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    ๋„์‹œ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์š” ํŠน์„ฑ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ๋ฐ์ง€์—ญ๊ณ„ํš ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ตœ๋ง‰์ค‘.์ตœ๊ทผ, ๋„์‹ฌ์— ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์  ์™ธ๋ถ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์ƒ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐ๋ช… ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ ํ™œ๋™์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ์™œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ „์‹œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์‹œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์‹œ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์ž‘ยท์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์˜์  ๋ช…๋ถ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ•„์š”์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ „์‹œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์ž‘๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ตฌ์กฐ ์†์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๊ณผ ์ „์‹œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์œˆ์œˆ(win-win)ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ๋ฆ„๋„ 5 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 1. ๋„์‹œ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 6 1) ๋„์‹œ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ 6 2) ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 7 3) ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋„์‹œ ์œ ํœด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 9 2. ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 11 1) ์ฐฝ์ž‘๊ณผ ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 11 2) ์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์—ญ ํ™•์žฅ 14 โ…ข. ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋„์ถœ 17 1. ์ „์‹œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 18 1) ์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™œ์šฉ 18 2) ์ „์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 22 3) ๊ด€๋žŒ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ 27 2. ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋„์ถœ 31 1) ์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค 32 2) ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค 34 3) ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค 36 โ…ฃ. ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ 39 1. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ์š” 39 2. ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ 44 1) ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด ๋Œ€์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ 44 2) ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ „์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ 47 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 66 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  68 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 72 Abstract 77Maste

    Twelve-year study on body mass index changes of obese adolescents

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1993๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 3ํ•™๋…„(๋งŒ 17์„ธ)์— ์žฌํ•™์ค‘์ธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ 12๋…„๊ฐ„ BMI(Body Mass Index) ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒด์ค‘์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์€ ๋งค ์—ฐ๋ น๋งˆ๋‹ค BMI๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท  1.14kg/m**2์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์€ 0.59kg/m**2์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์€ ๋งค ์—ฐ๋ น๋งˆ๋‹ค BMI๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท  0.93kg/m**2์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์€ 0.53kg/m**2์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 12๋…„๊ฐ„ BMI ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์€ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ณตํžˆ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ์งธ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „ํ›„์˜ BMI ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†’์€ BMI ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ค์งธ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ ๊ณตํžˆ 17์„ธ๋•Œ์˜ BMI์™€ 6-7์„ธ๋•Œ์˜ BMI๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฐํ˜•์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก 17์„ธ๋•Œ์˜ BMI์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” 16์„ธ๋•Œ์˜ BMI๋กœ 17์„ธ๋•Œ์˜ BMI์˜ 71.8%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” 44.4%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, 17์„ธ๋•Œ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ 58.8%์™€ ์—ฌ์ž์˜ 56.2%๊ฐ€ 7์„ธ๋•Œ(๊ตญ๋ฏผํ•™๊ต 2ํ•™๋…„)์—๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณฑ์งธ, ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘, 7์„ธ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€ 7์„ธ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดํ›„์—ฐ๋ น์—์„œ์˜ BMI๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค ๋น„๋งŒํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์€ ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์†Œ์•„์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋น„๋งŒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋น„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์  ์—†์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ BMI์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์—์„œ ๋น„๋งŒํ•œ ์•„๋™์ด ๋น„๋งŒํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ 17์„ธ๋•Œ ๋น„๋งŒํ•œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์•ฝ 50% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผํ•™๊ต ์ €ํ•™๋…„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study is to observe the longitudinal changes in BMI(Body Mass Index) of obese and non-obese 3rd. grade high school students in Seoul for 12 years and to see the trends of overt weight gain in obese adolescents. The results are as follows: 1. The average annual increasing rates of body mass indices in male students were 1.14kg/m**2 in obese group and 0.59kg/m**2 in non-obese group. In female students, the average annual increasing rates of body mass indices were 0.93kg/m**2 in obese group and 0.53kg/m**2 in non-obese group. 2. The change rate of BMI for 12 years was significantly higher in obese group than non-obese group. 3. Puberty had less influence on the change rate of BMI in obese group compared to non-obese group. 4. BMI in the early school years correlated only weakly with BMI at age 17 in both obese and non-obese group and the correlation was increased as age increased. 5. In obese group, 71.8% of the variance in BMI at 17 can be predicted by BMl at 16 years in male students. In female students 44.4% can be predicted by BMI at age 16. 6. Among the 17-year-old obese students, 58.8% or the males and 56.2% of females were found not to have been obese at 7 years of age. 7. Among the 17-year-old obese students, those who were obese at 7 years of age were found to have higher BMI at later ages than those who were in the non-obese group. Obese adolescents were more likely to be obese in their childhood than non-obese group. There was no optimal age for the significant weight gain and the increasing rate of BMI was constantly higher in obese group than in non-obese group. Due to the fact that child obesity in early age contributes to obesity in adolescence, close observation is advised. On the other hand, a large proportion of obese adolescents can be preventable by early interventions, because about 50% of obese adolescents were not obese in early elementary school age.restrictio

    Development of vitrual reality based cognitive assessment and evaluation of its usefulness in patient with stroke.

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋ฉด ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ธ์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์š”์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ , ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์„œ๋ฉด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๋œ ์ธ์œ„์  ์„ค์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์  ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ 3์ฐจ์› ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ(interaction)๊ณผ ๋˜๋จน์ด๊ธฐ (feedback)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•™์Šต์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์‹ ์ฒด์  ํ™œ๋™์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์†์ƒ๋œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ›„์ฒœ์  ๋‡Œ์†์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ƒ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ (Virtual Shopping Simulation) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ธ์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์†์ƒ๋œ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋‘๋ถ€์žฅ์ฐฉ ๊ต์‹œ์žฅ์น˜ (head mounted display)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฐ์ž…(immersion)-๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹คํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ํ›„ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(interface)์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ์˜ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ์ธก ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž 20๋ช…๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ 20๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ธ์ง€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š”๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  (88.3 ยฑ 13.3 vs 105.3 ยฑ 8.0, p< 0.001),์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์—๋Ÿฌ์œจ( 0.702 ยฑ 0.212 vs 0.463 ยฑ 0.140 ,p=0.003),์‹คํ–‰์ง€์ˆ˜ (80.8 ยฑ 29.6 vs115.9 ยฑ 10.0, p<0.001)๋„ ์–‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์ด๋™์ง€์ˆ˜,์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š”์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ฑ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜( ฮณ =0.674, p=0.002) ์™€ ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ( Motor-Free VisualPerception Test) ์ƒ์˜ ์›์ ์ˆ˜ (raw score) ( ฮณ =0.701,p=0.001) ์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์žฌ์ธ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š”์‹œ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ์ˆซ์ž์™ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ,์–ดํœ˜๋ฌธ์ œ,์‚ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋น ์ง„ ๊ณณ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์›์ ์ˆ˜์™€์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (ฮณ =0.459, p=0.048) ํ™˜์‚ฐ์ฒ™๋„์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ ์ˆซ์ž์™ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ,์‚ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋น ์ง„ ๊ณณ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์“ฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์›์ ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (ฮณ > 0.476 , p<0.05 ). ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ค‘ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ( ฮณ =0.640, p< 0.01) ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ๋„๊ฐ€๋‚ฎ์€ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (ฮณ =0.361, p=0.12) 5. ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ผ์ƒํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ ์‘, ์‹คํ–‰์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œKims ์ „๋‘์—ฝ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ ์‘์ง€์ˆ˜ (Adaptive Intelligence Quotient)์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ (ฮณ =0.596, p=0.01)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์‘์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์„œ๋ฉด ์‹คํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์ˆ˜ (Executive Intelligence Quotient)๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ (ฮณ =0.409, p=0.08)์ ์‘์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰์ง€์ˆ˜์™€๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„( ฮณ =0.596, p=0.01)๋ฅผ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 6. ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค (p<0.05). ํŠนํžˆ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์—๋Ÿฌ์œจ ๋“ฑ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ž‘๋™ ๊ด€๋ จ๊ฐ’๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค (p<0.01). 7. ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ-์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.2๋‹จ๊ณ„์ฆ‰๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์žฌ์ธ ์ ์ˆ˜, ์ง€์—ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์žฌ์ธ ์ ์ˆ˜, ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์œ ๋ฌด, ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ณผ์ œ์„ ํƒํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜, 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ ์ ˆ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ ์„ ํƒ ์ ์ˆ˜, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ-์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.643 ~ 0.999 ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค (p <0.01). 8. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฆ์ƒ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ (Simulator SicknessSyndrome) ์ „์ฒด ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ 36.3 ยฑ 25.2 ์  , ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ 35.8 ยฑ 31.4์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€์˜ cut off score์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ตฌํ† ๊ตฐ (nausea cluster) ์ฆ์ƒ 9.6%,์•ˆ๊ตฌ์ฆ์ƒ๊ตฐ(oculomotor cluster) ์ฆ์ƒ41.9%, ์ง€๋‚จ๋ ฅ์žฅ์• ๊ตฐ (disorientation cluster) ์ฆ์ƒ 25.8%์˜€๊ณ , ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 9. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ 50%๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ถ€์žฅ์ฐฉ ๊ต์‹œ ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์ฒ˜์Œ ์ ์‘์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 35%๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ด์Šคํ‹ฑ์— ์ ์‘์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘๊ตฐ์˜ 50%์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ฒดํ—˜์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 90%๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ์ ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์‡ผํ•‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ์˜์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„œ๋ฉด ์ธ์ง€๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ–‰๋™ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ธ์ง€์ธก์ •์— ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Successful rehabilitation of patients with stroke requires accurate and comprehensive cognitive assessment.Many paper and pencil tests for cognitive assessment have been used in rehabilitaton, but they are labor-intensive, time-consuming and cannot accurately assess the cognitive function in every day life since they are not carried out in real world settings. Virtual Reality (VR) technology offers the potential to develop better human performance testing and training environment. Examinees with limited motor control can be relatively free from their impairment in simulated real world.VR provides higher degree of control, integrates a variety of sensory functions at the same time, and provides objective tools to evaluate with minimal human error.Also, VR-based cognitive assessment is suggested and a mean to assess the aspect of behavior that is normally inaccessible with formal paper and pencil tests. There are few reports in the literature demonstrating the sensitivity and effectiveness of virtual reality in differentiating and evaluating cognitive function in patients with stroke. The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of VR-based cognitive assessment in patients with stroke.Also, the limitation,complication, and usability of immersive VR-based cognitive assessment using Head Mounted Display (HMD) was evaluated. Twenty subjects with stroke who had unilateral brain lesion and twenty healthy volunteer without brain injury participated in the study. The study compared the performance of VR-based test between stroke patients and normal subject, tried to prove its correlation with other traditional paper and pencil tests, and presented test-retest reproducibility. 1. The performace of VR-based test was compared. Significant differences were consistently found between patients with stroke and control group in following tasks: Stage 1 performance index (88.3 ยฑ 13.3 vs 105.3 ยฑ 8.0, p<0.001), interaction error (0.702 ยฑ 0.212 vs 0.463ยฑ0.140, p=0.001),stage 2 delayed recognition memory score (2.2 ยฑ1.3 vs 3.7ยฑ 0.5,p=0.001),attention index (89.4 ยฑ 14.3 vs 106.1 ยฑ 8.8 ,p=0.003), and stage 3 executive index (80.8 ยฑ 29.6 vs 115.9 ยฑ 10.0 , p<0.001). 2. Stage 1 performance indices in patients with stroke correlated significantly with the performance intelligence quotient (IQ) score of Korean-Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale ( K-WAIS) ) (ฮณ = 0.674, p=0.001 ). 3. Stage 2 delayed recognition, visual and auditory memory scores in patients with stroke correlated significantly with digit span, vocabulary, arithmetic,picture completion, digit symbol of K-WAIS and raw score of MVPT which were associated with visual, auditory, short and long term memory (ฮณ > 0.523, P<0.05). Auditory memory score was correlated significantly with Memory Quotient (MQ) of Rey-Kim memory test ( ฮณ = 0.544,p =0.016 ) and visual memory score was correlated significantly with immediate visual recall ( ฮณ = 0.629, p=0.004) and delayed visual recall ( ฮณ = 0.429, p=0.048 ) of Rey-Kim memory test. 4. Stage 2 attention indices in patients with stroke correlated significantly with digit span, arithmetic, picture completion, digit symbol of K-WAIS and raw score of MVPT, which represented the ability to concentrate and pay attention ( ฮณ > 0.476 , p<0.05). Among the subscales of K-WAIS, the sum of items, which were highly related to attention ability, correlated significantly with attention index ( ฮณ = 0.640, p < 0.01). However, items, which were not related, were otherwise ( ฮณ = 0.361 , p= 0.12). 5. Stage 3 executive indices in patients with stroke correlated significantly with Adaptive Intelligence Quotient ( AIQ ) of Kims Frontal-Executive Neuropsychological Test (K-FENT), which evaluated behavioral and adaptive aspects in every day life ( ฮณ = 0.596, p=0.007). AIQ correlated significantly with executive index of VR-based test ( ฮณ = 0.596,p=0.01), but not with Executive IQ of K-FENT ( ฮณ = 0.409 , p=0.08). 6. Major variables and indices were affected by the level of education and the experience with computer in patients with stroke ( p < 0.05 ), but insignificantly in control group. Especially, stage 1 performance index and interaction error were correlated significantly with level of education and experience with computer in patients (p<0.01). 7. For evaluating test-retest reliability, test-retest correlations were estimated in patients and control group. Major variables such as stage 2 immediate recognition memory score,delayed recognition memory score,response to attention task, reaction time to attention task, total number of correct items to attention task, and stage 3 score of items and of calculation correlated well between the test and retest.Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.643 to 0.999 (p < 0.01). 8. Simulator Sickness Syndrome(SSS) after immersive VR using HMD showed 41% of participant complained oculomotor symptom, and SSS total score was not different between the patients and control (36.6 ยฑ 25.2 vs 35.8 ยฑ 31.4 ). 9. 50% of patients with stroke had difficulty with HMD and 35% with joystick at the first time. 50% of patients commented that VR experience was interesting, and 90% of patients wanted to participate in next version of VR based rehabilitative program. In conclusion, computer-generated VR-based test represents effective and reliable tool to assess cognitive function in mildly cognitively defected patients with stroke.VR-based test provides wider range of opportunities of measuring behavior and executive function in every day life.Differentiated indices are also useful to estimate target cognitive function. VR-based test can be used as a supplement to traditional neuropsycological test in patients with stroke and other cognitive deficits. Also, more investigations and studies are needed to improve interface and projection modality regarding usability and complication.ope

    Factors influencing weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ตœ๊ทผ ์†Œ์•„ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ดํ™˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋น„๋งŒ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ๋ณธ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋… ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ฒด๊ฒฉ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒํ•™๊ต ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5ํ•™๋…„, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 2ํ•™๋…„, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 2ํ•™๋…„์˜ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋น„๋งŒ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๋งŒํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ž…์‹ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ 732๋ช…์„ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ณตํžˆ ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋…์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๋น„๋งŒ์˜ ์ •๋„(๋น„๋งŒ๋„)๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋…์— ๋” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์ •๋„์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ž๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€ ์  ๋น„๋งŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋…์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ตœ๊ทผ 1๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ 45.3%, ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ 57.2%๋กœ์„œ ์—ฌ์ž์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ณตํžˆ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹์ด์š”๋ฒ•, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€์š”๋ฒ•, ์ „๋ฌธํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์ž ๋น„๋งŒํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ง์—…์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ์ž ๋น„๋งŒํ•™์ƒ์€ ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ž๊ทน ์š”์ธ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ณตํžˆ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ด๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋น„๋งŒํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๋Š” ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๋งŒํ•™์ƒ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ž๋…€ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๋„ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ฒด์ค‘์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•™์ƒ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋… ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์€ ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋… ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ž๋…€ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋… ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž๋…€ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋น„๋งŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ , ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ง์—…์€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹ ๋… ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž๋…€ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒด์ค‘๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ด๋“์ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋น„๋งŒํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ์˜๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๋น„๋งŒ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์ •๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒด์ค‘์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž๋…€์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‹ ๋… ๋ฐ ์˜๋„ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ด๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋น„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹จ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋“์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ „๋žต์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] This study was undertaken to explain weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents as measured by the elements of the health belief model. A total of 732 obese students from 28 schools in Seoul metropolitan area and their mothers were assessed with a self- administered questionnaire. The analyzed results are as follows; 1. Both sexes showed weaker obesity related beliefs with increasing age. The objective obesity index was not as predictive of the beliefs as much as weight dissatisfaction. However, the mothers' beliefs were more influenced by the obesity index as well as weight dissatisfaction of their children. 2. Among obese students, 45.3% of male students and 57.2% of female students, a significantly higher portion than male students, reported that they had tried to lose weight within the recent year. Exercise was the most frequently used methud to lose weight followed by diet control, drug use, and specialized clinic visits, in descending order. Male students were more likely to try to lose weight if they perceived a low threat level and their mother had a job, and female students were more likely to try to lose weight if they were younger in age, perceived a low threat level and had strong external motivating factors. 3. Among students, both sexes trying to lose weight, the perceived net benefit level was the most powerful predictor of the variety in weight control behavior. 4. Female students showed a significantly higher level of intention to obesity control than male students, and the intention level of their mothers also showed the same trend. In male students, the degree of weight dissatisfaction, weight control experience, the level of obesity related beliefs of students, the educational level of the mother and economic status of the family were significant predictors of intention to obesity control, and in females, age, the level of obesity related beliefs of students and intention of their mothers were significant. In the mothers of male students, obesity index of students, age of the mother and the level of obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant predictors of intention of the mother, and in the mothers of female students, obesity index of students, occupational status of the mother and obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant. 5. According to the path model of intention to obesity control, the degree of weight dissatisfaction had the most powerful effect in male students, and perceived net benefit level was the most important variable in female students. Since the weight control behavior and intention of obese students were more predictable by the degree of weight dissatisfaction than the obesity index, we can conclud that only the students dissatisfied with their weight are well motivated for obesity control. There can be a discrepancy between the mother and her child's beliefs and intention status(especially in male students), so the therapists should also assess the student's opinion as well as the mother's. In female students, the perceived net benefit level was the most important predictor of intention to obesity control, therefore the intervention program should pay particular attention to the positive benefits of weight control rather than negative aspects(threats) of obesity.restrictio

    A Study on Leisure Activities Effects on Obesity in Elementary School Children

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    ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์šด๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‡Œํ”ผ์งˆ์ฒ™์ˆ˜๋กœ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”

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    Dept. of Medicine/๋ฐ•์‚ฌObjectivesSeveral experimental studies in stroke patients suggest that mental therapy using motor imagery, exercises with a mirror (mirror therapy), and various virtual environment technology approaches facilitate motor rehabilitation. However, the mechanisms underlying these therapy-related effects have not been described. In this study, we attempted to delineate the changes in corticospinal excitability when individuals are asked to exercise their hand using motor imagery, voluntary exercise, exercise with a mirror, bilateral exercise with a mirror, and exercise with a virtual mirror. Moreover, we attempted to delineate the role of visual modulation within the virtual environment that affected corticospinal excitability in healthy subjects and stroke patients.MethodExperiment I: The participants consisted of 30 healthy right-handed subjects and 15 stroke patients. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded in the left-side abductor pollicis brevis (APB) of healthy subjects and in the affected-side APBof stroke patients. In healthy subjects, the peak-to-peak amplitudes and latencies of MEP were obtained using seven conditions: (A) rest; (B) imagery; (C) observation and imagery of the activity without a mirror; (D) observation and imagery of self ipsilateral hand activity without a mirror; (E) observation and imagery of the activity of the hand of another individual with a mirror; (F) observation and imagery of symmetric self ipsilateral hand activity (thumb abduction) with a mirror; and (G) observation and imagery of asymmetric selfipsilateral hand activity (little finger abduction) with a mirror. In stroke patients, MEPs were obtained in the A, C, D, E, and F conditions.Experiment II: The participants consisted of 15 healthy right-handed subjects and seven stroke patients. MEPs were recorded in the left-side first dorsal interossei (FDI) of healthy subjects and in the affected-side FDI of stroke patients. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the left/affected hemisphere during the performance of grasping at different force levels (0%, 10%, or 50% of maximal voluntary contraction) using the contralateral hand. The ipsilateral hand performed grasping simultaneously, at various force levels (0%, 10%, 50%, or 100% of maximal voluntary contraction). We repeated the same experiment using a mirror. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of MEPs were compared, to assess differences in motor cortex excitability.Experiment III: The participants consisted of 18 healthy subjects and 18 hemiplegic stroke patients. MEPs from TMS were recorded in the flexor carpi radialis of the left or affected side using three different conditions: (A) rest; (B) real mirror; and (C) virtual mirror. Moreover, we compared the MEPs from the virtual mirror paradigm using continuous visual feedback or intermittent visual feedback.ResultsExperiment I: In the healthy group, the rates of amplitude increment and latency decrement were significantly higher during the observation and imagery of the activity of the hand of another individual and of self ipsilateral hand than during imagery only.In both groups, the rates of amplitude increment and latency decrement of MEPs were significantly higher during the observation of the activity of the hand of another individual with a mirror than without a mirror. Furthermore, the rates of amplitude increment and latency decrement were significantly higher during the observation of the activity of the symmetric self ipsilateral hand with a mirror than without a mirror. In healthy subjects, amplitudes were significantly increased during the observation of the activity of the symmetric self ipsilateral hand with a mirror compared with the observation of the activity of the asymmetric self ipsilateral hand with a mirror.Experiment II: In both two groups, bilateral activation of both hands led to a facilitation of the nondominant (left)/affected hemisphere. In both groups, the amplitude of MEPs increased by viewing the mirror image of gradual ipsilateral hand contraction; however, these effects subsided during contralateral hand contraction.Experiment III: The rates of amplitude increment and latency decrement of MEPs in healthy subjects were higher during the virtual mirror exercise than during the real mirror exercise. In healthy subjects and stroke patients, the virtual mirror paradigm with intermittent visual feedback significantly facilitated corticospinal excitability of MEPs compared with continuous visual feedback.ConclusionIn both groups, corticospinal excitability was facilitated by viewing the mirror image of the activity of the ipsilateral hand. This facilitation provided by mirror therapy was highly selective for the muscles seen through the mirror. Corticospinal excitability was facilitated by viewing the mirror image of gradual ipsilateral hand contraction; however, these effects subsided for contralateral hand contraction. Corticospinal excitability was facilitated to a greater extent in the virtual mirror paradigm than in the real mirror paradigm, in both groups. The virtual mirror paradigm with intermittent visual feedback facilitated corticospinal excitability more than the virtual mirror paradigm with continuous visual feedback, in both groups. This provides neurophysiological evidence supporting the application of mirror therapy programs and the virtual mirror paradigm using various visual modulation technologies to upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients.restrictio
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