马克思工资运动理论探析

马克思工资运动理论寓于其工资理论之中,但又立足于不同视角,有必要对其单独论述。通过理论探析可知,应从四个维度全面理解马克思工资运动理论:工资量取决于劳动力价值量,等于劳动价格与一定时间限定内劳动量的乘积;资本主义工资运动总是以资本增值需要为转移;工资运动总是伴随着利润运动,且由后者决定;对工资运动真正起决定作用的因素都不产生于劳动力市场,而是产生于资本主义私有制这个制度本身。国家社会科学基金项目(10BJL004

REMEDIAL APPLICATIONS OF SILENCING RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS AND MODALITIES FOR ITS DELIVERY TO THE KIDNEYS - A REVIEW

Background: The Kidney has been the target organ for the delivery of silencing ribonucleic acids (silencing RNA) administered systemically in comparison to other body tissues. Materials and method: In this review, we discussed different approaches made to delivering proteins to the kidneys in different conditions like normal and pathological defects. Data from clinical experiments have been used to discuss and support the administration of silencing RNA for the treatment of kidney diseases. Results: Results were achieved using the available genome wide RNA libraries. Conclusion: The research results are helpful in application to 3D and conventional models to find the involvement of signal pathways in kidney diseases

螺内酯联合贝前列腺素钠对2型糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响

目的探讨贝前列素钠联合螺内酯治疗2型糖尿病肾病的临床研究。方法选取2型糖尿病肾病患者94例,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组47例与对照组47例。对照组采取单用贝前列素钠治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合螺内酯联治疗。比较两组治疗前后尿素氮、血肌酐、24 h尿微量清蛋白(m ALB)和肾小球滤过率(GFR)变化。结果观察组总有效率(93.62%)高于对照组(72.34%)(P <0.05)。两组治疗后尿素氮和血肌酐水平均降低(P <0.05);观察组治疗后尿素氮和血肌酐水平低于对照组(P <0.05)。两组治疗后mALB降低而GFR上升(P <0.05);观察组治疗后m ALB低于对照组而GFR高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论贝前列素钠联合螺内酯治疗2型糖尿病肾病患者疗效显著,能改善患者肾功能

New Theory of "Property Rights": Analysis Based on "Marx's Theorem"

西方产权理论对产权概念范畴的界定并不完整,仅仅将其界定为法权上的权利束,忽视了不同产权主体之间背后的权力对等关系。这一不清楚的产权概念界定随西方产权理论在20世纪80年代末传入中国后被用于中国国企改革,使得改革中所谓的"产权清晰"成了一个"不清晰"的"清晰"。一些别有用心的人故意将产权混同为所有权,把所有权定义为依法享有的对自己财产进行占有,使用,收益和处分的权利,把产权定义为包括财产占有、使用、收益、处分的一组权力束权利,二者都是权利束,且没有了差别。这样,建立在混乱的产权范畴基础上的所谓"产权清晰"就是将公有制化为私有制,大肆化公为私,给国有企业改革实践带来损失。因此,清晰的产权范畴界定不仅是理论上的需要,也是实践发展的需要。根据马克思产权理论,本文受"马克思定理"的启示,提出一个科学完整的产权范畴,即产权是权利和权力的矛盾统一体,包括法权属性上的权利和经济属性上的权力

TGF-beta 1 induces autophagy and promotes apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells

Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology [2011J01159]; Department of Health of Fujian Province of China [2011-CX-10]Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy in various cell types. It has been shown that TGE-beta 1-driven autophagy represents a novel mechanism of tubular decomposition, leading to renal interstitial fibrosis. However, the exact mechanism by which TGF-beta 1 regulates autophagy is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of exogenous TGF-beta 1 on cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiCs). Presence of TGF-beta 1 in the medium induced accumulation of autophagosomes in a time- and dose-dependent manner as seen by monitoring the marker LC3 by confocal fluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. In addition, TGF-beta 1 induced upregulation of autophagy-related genes, Atg5, Atg7 and Beclin1. Importantly, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced expression of NADPH oxidases were found to be associated with the TGF-beta 1-induced autophagy. Conversely, treatment with inhibitors of NADPH oxidase markedly reversed the autophagic effects of TGF-beta 1. Apoptotic effects were evaluated by the TUNEL assay, measuring mitochondrial membrane potential and monitoring expression of the pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, Ban and Bcl-2, respectively. Transcriptional silencing of the above three autophagy-related genes in HRPTEpiCs caused attenuation of TGF-beta 1-mediated apoptosis. Similarly, when autophagy was prevented at an early stage by application of 3-methyladenine, the pro-apoptotic effects of TGF-beta 1 were attenuated. These observations suggest that in HRPTEpiCs TGF-beta 1 promotes autophagy through the generation of ROS, which contributes to its proapoptotic effect

Diagnostic significance of hepatitis B viral antigens in patients with glomerulonephritis-associated hepatitis B virus infection

Guang Zhou Municipality government [2002Z3-E0183]Hepatitis B viral infection can lead to hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis, a clinically significant subtype of secondary nephritis. In the present study, we examined the presence of PreS1/S2 antigen in renal tissues by use of immunohistochemistry and investigated the use of PreS1/S2 and 2 HBV serum antigens, HBe-Ag and HBs-Ag, in the diagnosis. We assessed the presence of these 3 antigens in patients with confirmed hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (n = 22) and patients without this disease (n = 19). Our results indicate that the combined use of PreS1/S2-Ag and serum HBe-Ag in the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis had good positive predictive value (0.89), modest negative predictive value (0.77), and substantial agreement based on Cohen's kappa coefficient (kappa = 0.660, P < 0.001). We suggest that our results be considered in the development of more definitive diagnostic criteria for hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved