湿化学法制备纳米氧化镱的研究

采用通常的溶液沉淀、微乳液及均匀沉淀等溶液方法制备纳米氧化镱 .TEM观测显示 ,采用H2 O2 的溶液沉淀法和采用CTAB的均匀沉淀法 ,都可得到有较好分散、尺度约为 10nm的球形粒子 ;XRD分析表明 ,经 65 0℃焙烧后的氧化镱均为立方结构 ,采用H2 O2 的溶液沉淀法所得氧化镱的晶粒尺寸为 9 4nm ,采用CTAB的均匀沉淀法所得氧化镱的晶粒尺寸为6 9nm ;基于低温N2 吸附表征结果发现 ,微乳液法制得的Yb2 O3 的比表面积较低 ,采用H2 O2 的溶液沉淀法可以制得比表面积为 47 7m2 /g、等效粒径为 13 6nm的Yb2 O3 ,采用CTAB的均匀沉淀法所得氧化镱比表面积为 63 2m2 /g ,等效粒径为 10 3nm .表面活性剂与水合氧化镱沉淀物间的相互作用 ,可能对所得氧化镱的热稳定性有重要影响

Catalytic Behaviors and Stability of Aerogel Silica-Supported Ni Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane into Synthesis Gas

以常压有机溶剂置换(A)和溶剂置换-表面改性(b)方式制备的两种SIO2气凝胶(SIO2-A(或b)型气凝胶,记为SIO2-A(Or b)g)为载体,采用常规浸渍法和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)添加浸渍法合成不同SIO2气凝胶负载的nI/SIO2催化剂,并考察其催化的甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气的反应性能.结果表明,各催化剂的初始反应性能相近,但nI/SIO2-bg的POM稳定性明显较nI/SIO2-Ag的差,而PVP添加制备的催化剂稳定性则获明显改善,nI/SIO2-Ag-PVP、nI/SIO2-bg-PVP上POM稳定性相近.结合X射线衍射(Xrd)、程序升温还原反应(H2-TPr)、高分辨透射电镜(TEM)和brunAuEr-EMMETT-TEllEr(bET)等表征结果的分析发现:(1)SIO2-Ag表面上存在一定量的羟基,可促进亲水性金属物种与其的相互作用,而SIO2-bg表面上基本为有机基团,与亲水性金属物种几乎无作用;(2)PVP的存在可使金属物种进入亲/疏水载体孔道深处,抑制焙烧中载体骨架的收缩和金属颗粒的生长,进而促进金属载体的相互作用.这二者均能有效地提高催化剂的POM反应稳定性.Two types of aerogel silica,denoted as SiO2- A(or B)G are synthesized with either solvent substitution(A) or solvent substitution-surface modification(B) under atmospheric conditions.Aerogel silicasupported Ni catalysts are then prepared via impregnated(IM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-added IM methods,and their performances for the partial oxidation of methane(POM) are investigated.The similar initial catalytic performances(activity and selectivity) are observed over the different Ni/SiO2catalysts.With respect to POM stability,Ni/SiO2-BG is significantly worse than Ni/SiO2-AG,while catalysts with PVP addition(during preparation) exhibit a significant improvement.In this case,Ni/SiO2-BG-PVP is comparable to Ni/SiO2-AG-PVP.We characterize the catalysts with X-ray diffraction(XRD),temperature-programmed hydrogen reduction(H2-TPR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) analysis.We find that there are hydroxyls on the SiO2-AG surface that favor their interaction with hydrophilic metal species,while on the SiO2-BG surface there are organic groups that do not interact with hydrophilic metal species.In addition,with the help of PVP,metal species can access the deep pores of hydrophilic/hydrophobic silica gels.Then,the contraction of the silica framework and the growth of metal particles are inhibited during calcinations,enhancing interactions between Ni and the silica gels.These(benefits from surface hydroxyls and PVP) result in significant improvements in the catalysts with respect to POM stability.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2010CB732303); 国家自然科学基金(21033006;21373169); 长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1036)资助~

高分辨率核磁共振纯化学位移谱新方法及其应用

核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)以无辐射、非入侵、高分辨率及信息丰富等特点被广泛应用在化学、生物、医药、材料等领域.纯化学位移技术,因其能大幅提高NMR重叠谱图分辨率的优良特性,近年来逐渐成为NMR领域的研究热点.本文结合作者所在团队在纯化学位移新技术及其应用研究的基础上,评述了纯化学位移技术的发展现状,及其机遇与挑战.国家自然科学基金大科学装置联合基金重点项目(U1632274

The study of inhibitoru eFFect of Hg--(2+) on respiratory movement of grouper (Epinephelua akaara)

本文用微机记录、分析,实验数据用勒让特正交多项式拟合处理,研究致死浓度Hg--(2+)溶液(0.5、1Mg/l)对石斑鱼呼吸运动的抑制作用,初步探讨Hg--(2+)中毒致死的可能机理。Grouper (Epinephelua akaara)was used to study the inhibitory eFFect of respiratory movement on lethal concentration of mercury (0.5,1mg/l).The experimental data were recorded and analyzed by computer, then the data were counted by Legender orthogonal polynomial.The paper discusses the probably mechanism of the death

Inhibition of Cu 2+ on GoldFish Feeding Behavior

研究四种不同浓度Cu2＋对金鱼摄食行为、学习和记忆能力的影响，及摘除嗅囊后摄食行为的改变，探讨其中毒的机理.实验结果：1）不同浓度Cu2＋液对金鱼摄食行为呈抑制效应，抑制的程度随Cu2＋浓度的增加而加深，表现为首次撞击食球的时间（下简称首次撞击时间）随着中毒的加深而推迟，摄食的频率亦随之降低.反映了中毒鱼学习记忆的能力都随着Cu2＋浓度的增加而减弱；2）中毒鱼体重增长率随Cu2＋浓度的增加而减少，甚至呈现负增长现象；3）摘除嗅囊鱼的摄食频率仅为正常的1/2，学习和记忆的能力也较差The eFFects of Cu 2+ on the Feeding behavior, ability of learning and memory of goldFish are studied, and the changes of Feeding behavior and ability of learning and memory are investigated aFter the olFactory oragn of Fish was excised.The results are as Follows: 1) the Feeding behavior of Fish is inhibited by diFFerent concentration of Cu 2+ , the degree of inhibition increases with the increase in Cu 2+ concentration while the ability of learning and memory decrease;2) during the hole experiment period,the weight of normal Fish increased, while the weight of poisoned Fish did not.In some case,the weight of poisoned Fish increased negatively; 3)the Feeding Frequency of operative Fish are lower than that of normal Fish.The probable poisoning mechanisms are also discussed.福建省自然科学基

STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE of THE INNER EAR of OREOCHROMIS SP.

罗非鱼内耳器官结构与典型硬骨鱼的内耳结构一致。球状囊呈椭圆体状，其耳五充满整个囊体，耳石上有明显的中央沟，中央沟在形态上与球状囊听斑一致；听囊呈圆形，听囊耳五约占整个听囊一半，耳石较薄且较透明，有明显外缘区和中央区之分；椭圆囊呈不规则椭球体状，其耳石占椭圆囊的较小部分，耳石表面粗糙。罗非鱼耳石膜为一层胶质膜，位于耳石和听斑之间，并触及所有毛细胞，膜有大量小孔，小孔处恰为毛细胞的纤毛束伸入，纤毛束透过小孔触及到耳石。扫描电镜观察表明，罗非鱼内耳听斑也由毛细胞和支持细胞组成，听斑表面有大量具一定分布规律的纤毛束。罗非鱼内耳听觉器官主要有三种纤毛束类型：f＿1、f＿2和f＿3型。按照纤毛束的取向一致性，球状囊听斑划分三个区；听囊听斑和椭圆囊听斑均划分两个区。This paper deals with the morphological structure of the inner ear of anonostariophysine Fish, Oreochromis sp,From the lake of Xiamen University,using light andscanning electron microscopy.The results are as Follows;1.The structure of the ear in Oreochromis sp.is the same as that of“the typical teleostear”.which consists of three semicircular canals(anterior,posterior and horizontalsemicircular canals)and three otolithic organs(utriculs,lagena and sacculus).Each Fish hastwo ears between which no connection was obesrved.The bilateral mirror symmbtry of eachsaccular pair often involves divergence of the anterior ends 25-30°away From thebody-midline.2.The sacculus is particularly large and utricular-shaped, with a single large otolith Fil-ling the whole otolithic sac,The saccular otolith is a laterally Flattened elipsoid with a deepmedial sulcus with which the sensory epithelium is closely connected.The lagena is generallysmall and round in shape with a small and thin triangular otolith Filling only halF of thesacculus.The utriculus is irregular in shape.The utricular otolith is also small and has roughsurFace,Filling only a small part of the sacculus;3.The otolithic membrane is a thin gelatinous structure lying between the macula andthe otolith,contacting all the sensory cellshcluding those in regions not directly“undcF”theotolith.The membrane has a large number of small holes where the ciliary bunddles extendand contact the otolith.4.The results of scanning electron microscopy reveal that the maculae consist of sensoryeells and supporting cells and the surFace of the sensory epithelia of each of the otolithic or-gans is distributed with a lot of ciliary bundles in a certain pattern.There are mainly threetypes of three ciliary bundle F_1, F_2 and F_3.in the inner ear organs of the Oreochromissp.Each otolithic macula can be divided into a number of regions within which all the ciliarybundles are morphologically polarized in the same two in lagenar macula and two in utricularmacula,Morphologically,the utricular macula is dish-shaped and has a lateral extension,the lagenar macula is the shape of a Fat crescent and the saccular macula is elongate but widerat the rostral than the caudal end, like the shape of a tadpole.国家自然科学基

EFFects of Cu-(2+) and Zn-(2+) on opercular movement in Tilapia sp.

本文研究结果表明：（1）水体中含Cu2+和zn2+的浓度越高，鱼中毒越深，鳃盖运动振幅的增大和频率的减小就越显著。（2）Cu2+/zn2+混合液对鳃盖运动的影响具明显的协同作用，它的致毒效应分别为单一因子的3~5倍。（3）毒性次序：5x10-6Cu2+/50x10-6zn2+＞2.5x10-6Cu2+/25x10-6zn2+＞5x10-6Cu2+＞50x10-6zn2+（V/V）。（4）频繁的咳嗽反应是zn2+中毒的主要症状，驱逐反射是Cu2+中毒的主要症状，两者均可作为单一和混合重金属离子污染的敏感生物学监测指标。The results From the study on the eFFects of Cu2+,Zn2+ or their mixed liquid on opercular movement of Fish are as Follows: (1) The higher the Cu2+ or Zn2+ concentration, the deeper the Fish was poisoned.It is quite obvious that the amplitude of opercular movement increased and decreased in Frequency.(2) Apparently there is synergism From the eFFects of Cu2+/Zn2+mixed solution on opercular movement.The toxic eFFicacy is 3-5 times than that of single ion.(3) The sequence of toxicity is 5 ×10-6Cu2+/50 ×10-6Zn2+>2.5 ×10-6Cu2+/25 × 10-6Zn2+>5 × 10-6Cu2+ >50 × 10-6Zn2+ (V/V).(4)Cough response is the main sympton of Zn2+,expulsion reFlex is the symptom of Cu2+.Both cough response and expulsion reFlex may be used as biological index of heavy metal pollution.福建省自然科学基

Electrophysiological observation on sacculus of Tilapia sp

罗非鱼球状囊微音器电位是一个双峰波。峰频与刺激声频成2∶1关系；在20~80Hz电位波形不规则。在300~900Hz电位波呈矩形。实验表明，球状囊不同区域对一定的声频敏感性不一样；延脑-脊髓连结处的诱发电位与球状囊微音器电位相似，但在130Hz电位呈单峰波；罗非鱼可闻频域在20~900Hz，最大敏感声频在130Hz，其相对敏感性为23.01db；延脑-脊髓连接处诱发电位最大值在63Hz和130Hz，相对敏感性分别为25.36和23.37db；罗非鱼气鳔与内耳无直接关系，去鳔对其微音电位听力曲线无明显影响。Using microphonic potentials as a tool,the authors deal with the characters of electrophysiological response of the sacculus of a nonostariophysan Fish,Tilapia sp.,to underwater sound stimuli at low Frequencies.The results are as Follows:1.Microphonic potentials recorded From the sacculus in response to underwater sound stimulation show that the potential is that of the typical microphonic potential of Fish,which has two wave Peaks,and the Frequency of the potential wave and that of the stimulation has a 2:1 relationship.In this study,the shape of potentials at 20--80Hz is irregular and that at 300--900Hz is rectangle-shaped.DiFFerent regions of the sacculus have diFFerent response sensitivities to a certain kind of underwater sound.2.Potentials recorded From the cerebellar-medullary junction show a similar Feature compared with those From the sacculus.but the POtential From the junction at l3OHz is a single peak,For all of this evoked-potentials should be Further studied.3.the result of the microphonic potential curve From the sacculus reveals that Tilapia responds to underwater sound stimulation From 20 to 900 Hz with a maximum sensitive Frenquency at 130Hz and its maximum sensitivity is +23.01 dB (relative).the experiment with cerebellar-medullary junction Found that the maximum potentials were at 63 Hz and 130 Hz with maximum sensitivities separately 25.36 dB and 23.37 dB(relative).4.Elimination of the swimbladder caused on change in sensitivities at any Frequencies,which were in correspondence with the result of anatomy.国家自然科学基金!691101

模拟固氮酶中Mo微环境的化学探测

模拟固氮酶中Ｍｏ微环境的化学探测黄静伟，张鸿图，杨如，周明玉，万惠霖，蔡启瑞（厦门大学化学系，厦门，３６１００５）关键词固氮酶，Ｍｏ微环境，Ｍｏ－Ｆｅ－Ｓ簇合物，氧化降解自发现不同来源的固氮酶中均含有Ｍｏ原子以来，Ｍｏ一直被当成固氮酶中Ｎ２与其它外源..

一种高速水面航行器的板体结构及设计方法

本发明公开了一种高速水面航行器的板体结构及设计方法，板体结构为流线型结构，板体中部为水平段，板体前端向上翘起，板体后端向上微翘起，其翘起幅度小于板体前端的翘起幅度；在板体结构的宽度方向上，板体前端和板体后端采用收缩状态的流线型，板体前端至板体中部沿板体长度方向逐渐变宽，中部至板体后端沿板体长度方向逐渐变窄。本发明还提供了板体结构的设计方法，根据板体结构的设计变量和优化目标建立基于交叉验证的替代模型，采用多目标优化设计方法缩短研发周期。本发明的板体结构可以降低水面航行器的水动力阻力，载人的同时提高航行速度，还能够提高水面航行器的稳定性，解决了现有技术中水面航行器无法兼顾载人和高速航行需求的问题