中国上市公司内部控制指数:逻辑、构建与验证

如何评价企业内部控制日益成为包括投资者在内的广大利益相关者所共同关心的焦点。以财务报告内部控制审计意见作为衡量标准存在固有局限,现有内部控制指数又存在逻辑不一、结果迥异的...国家自然科学基金重大项目(项目批准号:71790604);国家自然科学基金重点项目(项目批准号:71332008);; 国家自然科学青年项目(项目批准号:71702030);; 财政部会计名家培养工程项目的研究成

内部控制、薪酬差距与企业价值

高质量的内部控制有助于完善企业薪酬激励机制,提升经营效率与效果。以2007—2015年我国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了内部控制对企业内部薪酬差距的影响。研究发现:内部控制质量越高,管理层与员工间的薪酬差距越大。进一步,内部控制质量越高,薪酬差距对企业价值的正向影响越显著。此外,从管理者持股、管理者能力以及薪酬公平性视角,检验了不同情境下内部控制作用的差异。总之,内部控制有助于提升公司的薪酬激励效率,进而提升企业价值。国家自然科学基金重点项目“信息生态环境与企业内部控制有效性问题研究”(71332008);;国家自然科学青年基金项目“内部控制、风险承担及其经济后果:基于差异化目标导向视角的研究”(71702030

NMR Studies on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate Complex and 3-Substituted Pyridines

为探讨有机配体上取代基团对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件下(0.15mol/LNaCl溶液),应用多核(1H、13C和51V)多维(DOSY)以及变温NMR技术研究双过氧钒配合物[OV(O2)2(D2O)]-/[OV(O2)2(HOD)]-(简写为dpV)与3-取代吡啶的相互作用,并首次报道了一些物种的NMR化学位移.dpV与有机配体的反应性从强到弱的顺序为:吡啶>烟酸根>烟酸甲酰胺≈烟酸甲酯,这说明吡啶环上取代基影响反应平衡.竞争配位导致一系列新的6配位的过氧钒物种生成.密度泛函计算结果合理地解释了实验结果,并表明溶剂化效应在反应中起重要作用.To understand the substituting group effects of organic ligands on the reaction equilibrium, the interactions between a diperoxovanadate complex [OV(O2)2(D2O)]-/[OV(O2)2(HOD)]- (abbr. dpV) and a series of 3-substituted pyridines in solution were explored using multinuclear (1H, 13C, and 51V) magnetic resonance, DOSY, and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol/L NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological condition. Some direct NMR data were given for the first time. The reactivity among the 3-substituted pyridines towards dpV takes the order of pyridine>nicotinate>N-methyl nicotinamide≈ methyl nicotinate. The competitive coordination results in the formation of a series of new six-coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O2)2L]n- (L=3-substituted pyridines, n=1 or 2). The results of density func-tional calculations provided a reasonable explanation of the relative reactivity of the 3-substituted pyridines. Solvation effects play an important role in these reactions.国家自然科学基金(Nos.20772027,20803020);; 973子课题(No.2003CB716005);; 湖南省自然科学基金(No.06JJ30004);; 中国博士后科学基金(No.20070410805);; 湖南省教育厅青年项目(No.06B028);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室资助项目;; 湖南科技大学博士基金(No.E-55107)资助项

NMR and Theoretical Study on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate Complex and Substituted Pyridines

为探讨有机配体上取代基团对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件下(0.15mol/L NaCl溶液),应用多核(1H,13C和51V)多维(DOSY)以及变温NMR技术研究双过氧钒配合物[OV(O2)2(D2O)]-/[OV(O2)2(HOD)]-(简写为bpV)与取代吡啶的相互作用.bpV与有机配体的反应性从强到弱的顺序为:皮考林酸根>异烟酸根>异烟酸甲酯>皮考林甲酯,这说明吡啶环上同一位置上的不同取代基团和同一取代基团在不同位置上都影响反应平衡,竞争配位导致一系列新的6配位(配体为异烟酸根和异烟酸甲酯)或7配位(配体为皮考林酸根和皮考林甲酯)的过氧钒物种[OV(O2)2L]n-(L=取代吡啶,n=1或2)生成,密度泛函计算结果较合理地解释了实验结果,并表明溶剂化在反应中起重要作用.To understand the substitution group effects of organic ligands on the reaction equilibrium,the interactions between diperoxovanadate complex [OV(O2)2(D2O)]-/[OV(O2)2(HOD)]-(abbr. bpV) and a series of substituted pyridines were explored using multinuclear(1H,13C,and 51V) magnetic resonance,DOSY,and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol/L NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological condition. The reactivity order among the substituted pyridines and bpV is picolinate>isonicotinate> methyl isonicotinate>methyl picolinate. The competitive coordination results in the formation of a series of new six-coordinated(isonicotinate and methyl isonicotinate) or seven-coordinated(picolinate and methyl picolinate) peroxovanadate species [OV(O2)2L]n-(L=substituted pyridines,n=1 or 2). Both the different substitution groups at the same position and the same groups at the different substitution position affect these reactions. The results of density functional calculations provide someway a reasonable explanation for the relative reactivity of the substituted pyridines. Solvation effects play an important role in these reactions.国家自然科学基金(Nos.20772027,20803020);; 973子课题(No.2003CB716005);; 湖南省自然科学基金(No.06JJ30004);; 中国博士后科学基金(No.20070410805);; 湖南省教育厅青年项目(No.06B028);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室资助项目;; 湖南科技大学博士基金(No.E-55107)资助项目

NMR Studies on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate and Imidazole-like Ligands

为探讨咪唑环上取代基团对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件(0.15 mol·L~(-1)NaCl溶液)下,应用多核(~1H、~(13)C和~(51)V)、扩散排序谱(DOSY)以及变温NMR等谱学技术研究双过氧钒配合物NH_4[OV(O_2)_2{2-(2'-Pyri-dine)- [midazole}]·4H_2O(简写为bpV(Imi-Py))和咪唑类配体(咪唑、2-甲基-咪唑、4-甲基-咪唑和组氨酸)的相互作用,其从强到弱的顺序为咪唑≈4-甲基-咪唑>2-甲基-咪唑>组氨酸.研究结果表明,咪唑环上取代基团空间位阻对反应平衡产生较大影响,同时竞争配位的结果导致新的6配位过氧物种[OV(O_2)_2L]~-(L为咪唑类配体)的生成,当配体为4-甲基-咪唑和组氨酸时,生成的则是一对异构体.To understand the substituting effects of imidazole ring on the reaction equilibrium,the interactions between diperoxovanadate complex NH_4[OV(O_2)_2{2-(2'-Pyridine)-Imidazole}]·4H_2O (abbr.bpV(Imi-Py)) and a series of imidazole-like ligands (imidazole,2-methyl-imidazole,4-methyl-imidazole,and histidine) in solution were explored using multinuclear (~1H,~(13)C,and ~(51)V) magnetic resonance,diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY),and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol·L~(-1) NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological conditions.The experimental results indicated that the activities of bpV(Imi-Py) and organic ligands were as follows:imidazole≈4-methyl-imidazole>2-methyl- imidazole>histidine.The stedc effect of the organic ligands affects the reaction equilibrium.At the same time,new six- coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O_2)_2L]-(L=imidazole-like ligands) were formed due to the competitive coordination between 2-(2'-pyridyl)-imidazole and the imidazole-like ligands.When the ligand was 4-methyl- imidazole or histidine,a pair of isomers was formed.国家自然科学基金(20772027);; 973子课题(2003CB716005);; 湖南省自然科学基金(06JJ30004);; 中国博士后科学基金(20070410805);; 湖南省教育厅青年项目(068028);; 卫生部(福建省)卫生教育联合攻关计划(3502220051027);; 厦门市重大疾病攻关研究基金(Wkj2005-2-019);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放基金和湖南科技大学博士基金(E55107)资

NMR Studies on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate and 1-Ethyl-1H-Imidazole

为探讨过氧钒配合物中有机配体对反应平衡的影响,在模拟生理条件下(0.15MOl·l-1nACl溶液),应用多核(1H、13C和51V)多维(COSy和HSQC)核磁共振(nMr)以及变温技术等谱学方法研究双过氧钒配合物[OV(O2)2l]-(l=d2O或HOd,与之配位的过氧钒物种简写为bPV)和[OV(O2)2ll′]n{-n=1-2,ll′=3-羟基-皮考啉酸根(3-OH-PIC),2-(2′-吡啶)-咪唑(Py-IM),1,10-邻菲啰啉(PHEn),与它们配位的含钒物种分别简写为bPV(3-OH-PIC)、bPV(Py-IM)和bPV(PHEn)}与n-乙基咪唑(n-ET-IM)的相互作用.实验结果表明,n-ET-IM与4种双过氧钒配合物反应性从强到弱的顺序为bPV>bPV(3-OH-PIC)>bPV(Py-IM)>bPV(PHEn).研究表明,金属中心上配体的配位能力、空间位阻和分子量等因素都对反应平衡产生较大的影响,同时竞争配位的结果导致新的6配位过氧物种[OV(O2)2(n-ET-IM)]-的生成.利用上述谱学方法有助于揭示此类相互作用体系的反应过程和配位方式.To understand the effects of organic ligands on the reaction equilibrium, interactions between a series of diperoxovanadate complexes [OV(O2)2L]- (L=D2O or HOD, the corresponding peroxovanadate species (bpV)) and [OV (O2)2LL′]n-{n=1-2; LL′ =3-hydroxyl-picolinate (3-OH-pic), 2-(2′-pyridine)-imidazole (py-im), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), the corresponding peroxovanadate species bpV(3-OH-pic), bpV(py-im), and bpV(phen)}and 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole (N- Et-im) in solution were explored using multinuclear (1H, 13C, and 51V) magnetic resonance, COSY (correlated spectroscopy), HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and variable temperature nuclear magnetic responance (NMR) using 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl ionic medium to mimic physiological conditions.Experimental results indicated that the reactivity of these four complexes with 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole decreased as follows: bpV>bpV(3-OH-pic)>bpV(py-im)> bpV(phen).The coordinating ability, the steric effect, and the molecular weight of these organic ligands affected the reaction equilibrium.A new six-coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O2)2(N-Et-im)]- was formed because of competitive coordination.国家自然科学基金(20772027;20803020);中国博士后科学基金(20070410805);卫生部科学研究基金-福建省卫生教育联合攻关计划(WKJ2008-2-036);厦门市重大疾病攻关研究基金(3502Z20051027)资助项目---

NMR studies on interactions between diperoxovanadate complexes and 1-methylimidazole

To understand the effects of organic ligands of the diperoxovanadate complexes on the reaction equilibrium, the interactions between a series of diperoxovanadate complexes [OV(O-2)(2)LL '](n-) [n=1 similar to 3; LL '=oxalate, abbr. oxa; picolinate, abbr. pic; 2,2 '-bipyridine, abbr. bipy; and 1,10-phenanthroline, abbr. phen. The corresponding peroxovanadate species abbreviate bpV(oxa), bpV(pic), bpV(bipy), and bpV(phen)] and I-methylimidazole (abbr. N-Me-Im) in solution were explored using multinuclear (H-1, C-13, and V-51) magnetic resonance, COSY, and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol/L NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological conditions. The experimental results indicated the activity order of these four complexes with I-methylimidazole as follows: bpV(oxa)> bpV(pic)> bpV(bipy)> bpV(phen). Both the coordinating capability and the steric effect of the organic ligands affect the reaction equilibrium. At the same time, a new six-coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O-2)(2)(N-Me-Im)](-) is formed due to the competitive coordination

NMR Studies on Interactions between Diperoxovanadate and 1-Ethyl-1H-Imidazole

To understand the effects of organic ligands on the reaction equilibrium, interactions between a series of diperoxovanadate complexes [OV(O-2)(2)L](-) (L=D2O or HOD, the corresponding peroxovanadate species (bpV)) and [OV (O-2)(2)LL'](n-) {n=1-2; LL' =3-hydroxyl-picolinate (3-OH-pic), 2-(2'-pyridine)-imidazole (py-im), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), the corresponding peroxovanadate species bpV(3-OH-pic), bpV(py-im), and bpV(phen)} and 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole (N-Et-im) in solution were explored using multinuclear (H-1, C-13, and V-51) magnetic resonance, COSY (con-elated spectroscopy), HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and variable temperature nuclear magnetic responance (NMR) using 0.15 mol.L-1 NaCl ionic medium to mimic physiological conditions. Experimental results indicated that the reactivity of these four complexes with 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole decreased as follows: bpV > bpV(3-OH-pic)> bpV(py-im)> bpV(phen). The coordinating ability, the steric effect, and the molecular weight of these organic ligands affected the reaction equilibrium. A new six-coordinated peroxovanadate species [OV(O-2)(2)(N-Et-im)](-) was formed because of competitive coordination.National Natural Science Foundation of China [20772027, 20803020]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20070410805]; Science Research Foundation of Ministry of Health & United Fujian Provincial Health ; Education Project for Tackling the Key Research [WKJ2008-2-036]; Health and Science and Technology of Xiamen, China [3502Z20051027

Internal control,Pay Gap and Firm Value

陈汉文，厦门大学管理学院教授，对外经济贸易大学教授、博士生导师，经济学博士；黄轩昊，厦门大学管理学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】高质量的内部控制有助于完善企业薪酬激励机制，提升经营效率与效果。以2007—2015年我国A股上市公司为样本，实证检验了内部控制对企业内部薪酬差距的影响。研究发现：内部控制质量越高,管理层与员工间的薪酬差距越大。进一歩，内部控制质量越高,薪酬差距对企业价值的正向影响越显著。此外,从管理者持股、管理者能力以及薪酬公平性视角，检验了不同情境下内部控制作用的差异。总之,内部控制有助于提升公司的薪酬激励效率,进而提升企业价值。 【Abstract】High-quality internal control can improve internal compensation incentives，and increase operational efficiency and effectiveness. Using the sample of A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2015，this paper empirically tests the impact of internal control on pay gap in companies. We find that，internal control significantly increases the pay gap between management and employees. Furthermore，we find that， high - quality internal control increases the positive impact of pay gap on firm value. Besides，from the perspectives of managerial shareholding，management ability and fairness of pay，we examines the impact of internal control on the pay gap in various situations. In summary，internal control can improve the efficiency of the company's compensation incentives，thereby enhancing the firm value.国家自然科学基金重点项目“信息生态环境与企业内部控制有效性问题研究”（71332008);国家自然科学青年基金项目“内部控制、风险承担及其经济后果:基于差异化目标导向视角的研究”（71702030

NMR and Theoretical Studies on Interactions between Biperoxovanadate and 4,4'-bipyridine

在模拟生理条件下(0.15mol/LNaCl溶液),应用多核(1H和51V)多维(DOSY)NMR以及变温技术等谱学方法研究双过氧钒配合物[OV(O2)(2D2O)]-/[OV(O2)(2HOD)](-简写为bpV)与4,4'-联吡啶(简写为bipy)的相互作用.竞争配位的结果,导致溶液中既有6配位的过氧钒物种[OV(O2)(2bipy)]-的生成,还有([OV(O2)2)(2bipy)]2(-6配位)的存在.采用密度泛函理论(B3LYP方法),在3-21+G*水平下计算表明,bipy和bpV生成[OV(O2)(2bipy)]-和([OV(O2)2)(2bipy)]2-的ΔG分别为-53.35和-55.85kJ/mol,较好地支持了实验结果.The interaction between diperoxovanadate complex [OV(O2)2(D2O)]-/[OV(O2)2(HOD)]- (abbr. bpV) and 4,4′-bipyridine (abbr. bipy) in solution were explored using multinuclear (1H and 51V) magnetic resonance, DOSY, and variable temperature NMR in 0.15 mol/l NaCl ionic medium for mimicking the physiological conditions. Competitive coordination interactions result in two new six-coordinated peroxovanadate species, [OV(O2)2(bipy)]- and [(OV(O2)2)2(bipy)]2-, respectively. The density functional theory calculations based on 3-21+G* indicated that the free energies of the form of [OV(O2)2(bipy)]- or [(OV(O2)2)2(bipy)]2- is -53.35 and -55.85 kJ/mol, which provided a reasonable explanation on the experimental results.国家自然科学基金资助项目(20772027);; 973子课题(2003CB716005);; 湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(06JJ30004);; 中国博士后基金(20070410805);; 湖南省教育厅青年项目(06B028);; 卫生部(福建省)卫生教育联合攻关计划(3502Z20051027);; 厦门市重大疾病攻关研究基金资助项目(Wkj2005-2-019);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项