Studies On The Influencing Factors Of Mercury Species Transformation In Simulated Flue Gas

汞是煤中的有毒痕量元素之一，在煤的燃烧过程中释放到大气中。汞具有较强的生理毒性和生物累积性，被排放到大气中时会通过降雨等形式污染水资源，并进入食物链，最终危害到人体的健康。煤炭是我国能源结构的主要部分，由于燃煤而产生的汞污染已经引起人们的关注，汞污染的防治工作在我国已迫在眉睫，必须积极开展相关研究，进一步探索有效的汞控制措施。 本文以飞灰、烟气和气态汞为研究对象，建立了模拟烟气实验台。准备了飞灰和飞灰组分样品，采用固定床和流化床反应器，对各种样品进行实验研究。并对实验数据进行统计分析，找出影响烟气中汞形态转化的原因。 首先，飞灰原样取自厦门嵩屿电厂第一除尘器前的烟气管道，用标准筛对原始飞灰...Mercury is one of the poisonous elements in coal, it is emitted into the atmosphere during the coal combustion process. Mercury in atmosphere will be taken into the water when raining, then it transfer in food chain, and harm the health of human because of its high physiological toxicity and bioaccumulation. Coal is the main part of China energy structure, mercury pollution generated by coal combu...学位：工学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境工程学号：2262007115234

转型社会中的“二代”现象研究——基于厦漳泉三地的调研分析

中国社会正处在从传统社会向现代社会、农业社会向工业社会的转型中,社会阶层变化是转型社会最深刻的变化之一,由此所带来的“二代“现象也逐渐进入了人们的视野,相关研究揭示了社会阶层分化的原因,但缺乏关于“二代“现象深入系统的制度分析。通过对厦门、漳州、泉州“闽南三角“地区的实地访谈和问卷调查,了解“二代“群体生存现状,揭示制度变迁引发的社会阶层结构变化,厘清制度安排与社会分层的内生性,寻找阻滞社会流动的障碍,探究“二代“现象的制度根源,从实证的角度分析转型社会中的“二代“现象,有助于为构建良性的社会结构提供思考方向,消除阶层间流动障碍,形成和谐、健康、良性发展的社会系统。厦门大学哲学社会科学繁荣计划项目“国家治理现代化的理论与实践”(2013—2017)的阶段性成

Effect of Various Fly Ash Compositions on Mercury Speciation Transformation

以厦门嵩屿燃煤电厂第一电除尘机组前采集的飞灰为样品,筛选出不同粒径的飞灰,采用X射线衍射对样品进行成分检测。建立模拟烟气实验台,采用OnTArIO HydrO方法作为检测方法,对不同粒径、飞灰成分、烟气组分条件下,烟气中影响汞氧化的因素进行实验研究。结果表明:飞灰的成分主要包括Al2O3、SIO2、MgO、CAO、fE2O3,飞灰各组分对汞的氧化都具有促进作用,效果较为明显的是Al2O3和CAO。分析大中小3种粒径对汞氧化的影响,得出大粒径飞灰更能促进汞的氧化。同时也验证了气体组分中O2和HCl对汞氧化的促进作用。Fly ash samples were derived from the 1st electrostatic precipitators of Songyu power plant in Xiamen,and different particle sizes of samples were screened out,the compositions of fly ash has been studied with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.Using Ontario Hydro method for mercury speciation testing,a bench-scale testing apparatus was constructed to study the effect of various fly ash compositions on mercury speciation transformation.The conclusions are as follows: The main compositions of fly ash are: Al2O3,SiO2,MgO,CaO and Fe2O3,all of them could enhance oxidation of Hg,especially Al2O3 and CaO.The size of fly ash has impact on the mercury transformation,and the conversion ratio of Hg2+ to total Hg increased with increasing the size of fly ash sample.Experiment results show that O2 and HCl can greatly promote the mercury oxidization.国家自然科学基金项目(20707018);福建省科技重点项目(2008I0024);福建省青年人才项目(2006F3118)---

便携式拉曼光谱仪快速检测唾液中盐酸吡格列酮的含量

人体唾液与血液中的相应成分有着密切关系。利用唾液代替血液进行检测,可极大地缩短分析时间、减少检测限制、降低安全隐患等,因此在临床医学、毒品管控等方面均有重要意义。发展了便携式拉曼光谱仪利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术快速定量检测唾液中盐酸吡格列酮（口服降血糖药物）含量的方法。借助纳米金溶胶的表面增强拉曼散射效应,在激发光源波长为785 nm时,可以得到低浓度盐酸吡格列酮的高质量拉曼光谱图。同时,不同浓度盐酸吡格列酮表面增强拉曼光谱分析结果表明,该方法还可直接用于唾液中盐酸吡格列酮的定量检测。盐酸吡格列酮含量与其特征峰强度线性相关,相关系数为0. 992 3,且最低检测浓度达10μg·L-1。国家自然科学基金项目(21522508);;深圳市科技计划基础研究(自由探索)项目(JCYJ20170306140934218)资

Effects of flue gas components and fly ash on mercury oxidation

模拟研究O2、SO2和HCl三种烟气气体与飞灰存在状态对汞形态转化的影响,并探讨温度对其转化的作用.结果表明:在不同气氛中,反应温度升高有利于汞的氧化,但n2--SO2的烟气体系则相反;O2、SO2和HCl单独存在于烟气中时,对汞的氧化起到不同程度的促进作用,其中HCl的效果最好;烟气中含有O2和HCl将使汞的氧化率明显提高;当SO2与HCl同时存在于烟气中时,SO2会通过与HCl反应抑制汞的氧化过程.飞灰为氧化反应提供反应介质和催化剂,促进烟气中汞的形态转化.The effects of gas components such as O2,SO2 and HCl,the existence of fly ash,and temperature on mercury speciation were investigated.It is shown that high temperature is positive to mercury oxidation in most of the simulated flue gas system except for the N2-SO2 system.The existence of O2,SO2 and HCl in the system separately improves the oxidation process,and among them HCl performs the best.When both SO2 and HCl are in the system,the oxidation efficiency of HCl decreases due to the reaction between SO2 and HCl.Fly ash provides,reaction media and catalysts for the mercury oxidation reaction,and consequently,the existence of fly ash in the simulated flue gas can increase mercury speciation.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.20707018);福建省科技重点资助项目(No.2008I0024);中央高校基础业务费资助项目(No.2010121078);厦门市科技计划资助项目(No.3502Z20103014

Experimental Study on Modified Activated Carbons for Elemental Mercury Adsorption

在小型固定床实验台上对中孔分子筛(SbA-15)、煤基活性炭(bPl)、不同含水量活性炭、苯酚和苯甲酸改性活性炭进行气态汞的吸附实验。结果表明:相对于中孔而言,微孔更有利于气态汞的吸附。负载羧基样品对气态汞的吸附能力与原始活性炭相比有很大提高。当羧基负载量为28.89Mg羧基/g活性炭时,样品对气态汞的吸附性能达到最佳;经酚羟基改性样品,其对气态汞的吸附能力显著降低,当达到吸附饱和时,原始活性炭的吸附量为306.55μg/g,而酚羟基改性样品最大吸附容量为133.1μg/g,且负载量与气态汞吸附量呈负相关,由此推测酚羟基对气态汞的吸附没有促进作用,而羧基有利于气态汞的吸附。活性炭表面存在适量水分有利于气态汞的吸附,当样品表面含水率为14.49%时,样品的吸附性能达到最佳。A laboratory-scale packed-bed reactor system was used to evaluate the capability of mesoporous molecular sieve(SBA-15),coal-based activated carbon(BPL),activated carbons containing different content of moisture,phenol-modified and carboxyl-modified activated carbons for mercury adsorption.The results show that compared to the mesopore structure,micropore structure on the surface of activated carbons is in favor of capturing mercury from carrier gas.The mercury adsorption capacity of carboxyl-modified activated carbons increases significantly compared to that of original carbons.And the best result obtained at the modification ratio of 28.89 mg carboxyl groups /g activated carbon.While the capacity of phenol-modified activated carbons for mercury adsorption decreases remarkably.When reaches saturation,the mercury adsorption capacity of original activated carbons is 306.55 μg/g,while the highest capacity of phenol-loaded activated carbons is 133.1 μg/g,and there is a positive relation between the amounts of phenol or carboxyl and mercury adsorption.It suggests that the phenol groups may have no effect on mercury adsorption,while the carboxyl groups are beneficial to the mercury adsorption.The presence of moisture on the surface of activated carbons can enhance their mercury adsorption capacities,and when the moisture content is 14.49%,the adsorption capacity reaches the best result.国家自然科学基金项目(20707018);福建省科技重点项目(2008I0024);福建省青年人才项目(2006F3118)---

Preparation of Immobilized Nucleoside Phosphorylase and Research on Its Property

目的优化核苷磷酸化酶的固定化工艺,并对固定化酶的性质进行研究。方法通过正交试验优化核苷磷酸化酶(包括嘌呤和嘧啶核苷磷酸化酶)固定化条件,并进一步对固定化核苷磷酸化酶的最适P H、温度及其稳定性进行研究。结果固定化酶条件为P H=8.0,温度为25℃,蛋白载量为20 Mg/g载体,固定化时间为6 H;固定化核苷磷酸化酶的最适P H=7.5,最适温度为40℃,固酶连续使用20批次酶活力无明显损失。结论固定化核苷磷酸化酶稳定可靠,适合应用于工业化生产。Objective To optimize the immobilization process of the nucleoside phosphorylase and research on its property.Methods The immobilization process of the nucleoside phosphorylase(including purine and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase)was optimized by orthogonal test,and took further study of the finest p H,temperature and stability of immobilized nucleoside phosphorylase.Results The finest condition of immobilized enzyme was p H = 8.0,25 ℃,20 mg/g protein loads and immobilize for 6 h; the finest condition for the immobilized nucleoside phosphorylase to catalyze was p H = 7.5 and 40 ℃.There was no significant loss of activity of the enzyme after use for catalyzing 20 batches consecutively.Conclusion The immobilized nucleoside phosphorylase is stable and reliable,which is suitable to application in industrial productio

Community structure of marine ultraphytoplankton in Xiamen waters using photosynthetic pigments

应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)方法对厦门海域9个站位水样进行分析,对色素数据进行换算,结果表明在厦门海域超微型浮游植物优势类群是绿藻,而总浮游植物优势类群是硅藻;超微型浮游植物对总浮游植物生物量贡献为总生物量1.5%～11%,超微型粒级细胞在一些类群中(绿藻、金藻)中占有很大比重。在超微型浮游类群组成中没有甲藻纲,而蓝藻丰度也非常低。超微型浮游植物组成结构厦门港富营养化水域呈单优势类群结构,在九龙江河口区域受冲淡水与陆源成分影响,结构较为复杂。Photosynthetic pigments were measured by RP-HPLC in seawaters samples of Xiamen in winter(December, 2002), and the diagnostic pigment data were converted into chlorophyll a biomass to assess the community structure both in total and ultra-size phytoplankton. The result showed that chlorophyte was dominant group in ultra-phytoplankton community, while diatoms was prevaided in total phytoplankton community. The biomass of ultra-phytoplankton only occupied about 1.5% to 11% biomass of all phytoplankton(indicated by Chlorophyll a), however, the ultra-size phytoplankton contributed a large proportion of biomass in chlorophyte and prymnesiaphyceae. Both dinophyceae and cyanobacteria were not detected in ultraphytoplankton community. Community structure of ultraphytoplankton was simple in eutrophic aquicultral waters, while complicated in Jiulong River estuary.国家自然科学基金(40276039,40076031

亚硫酸氢钠在马铃薯切片过程中防褐变作用机理的研究

多酚氧化酶(PPO)是蔬果酶促褐变的关键酶,抑制该酶活性是防止蔬果褐变的有效措施.在实验中发现NaHSO3对马铃薯PPO具有显著的抑制作用及在马铃薯切片护色中具有防褐变功能.实验结果表明:马铃薯PPO催化L-多巴形成的褐变物质在475 nm波长处有特征性的吸收峰,并且该吸收峰随着NaHSO3浓度的增加明显降低.NaHSO3的抑制作用表现为不可逆效应,既可以延长酶促反应的迟滞时间,也降低了稳态的酶活力.当NaHSO3浓度增至0.12 mmol/L时,酶促反应的迟滞时间从0延长至56 s,稳态的酶活力下降了35.5%.在马铃薯切片保鲜实验中,对照组在第3天褐变指数达到2,第6天已经完全褐变,而50 mmol/L NaHSO3处理的实验组在第6天褐变指数仅为0.6,有效遏制了马铃薯切片的酶促褐变,实验显示,NaHSO3通过抑制马铃薯PPO活力实现防褐变的效应