運用多元智慧理論的國語文創意教學實踐

[[abstract]]教育的目的在發展及提昇學生的智慧，身為中學國文教師進行教學時，除了以基本的講述、問答、誦讀法增進學生的認知外，還期望從多元智慧及遊戲說的觀點出發，讓國語文的學習擺脫嚴肅的範疇，在創意教學的活潑氛圍中，增進學生對語文的興趣和能力。本文以多元智慧與國語文創意教學的結合為主軸，進行行動研究，筆者就教學經驗中與國語文活動密切聯繫且效果良好的「音樂智慧」、「語文智慧」、「空間智慧」、「肢體動覺智慧」四大部分，說明多元智慧與中學國語文創意教學活動結合後所激起的火花與感動。首章說明研究背景、動機、方法、目的、範圍及限制。第二章說明與音樂智慧結合的國語文創意教學實踐，分享「詩詞曲吟唱」、「古詞今曲大會唱」、「韻腳蘿蔔蹲」、「課文歌唱」、「配樂朗誦」、「流行歌曲修辭大補帖」等活動。第三章說明與語文智慧結合的國語文創意教學實踐，分享「傳統美讀」、「詩華創作」、「一行詩」、「剪貼詩」、「與馬致遠共舞?散曲〈天淨沙〉仿作」、「溫柔在頌──古韻新唱」、「姓名大頭貼」等活動。第四章說明與空間智慧結合的國語文創意教學實踐，分享「以詩詞曲文作畫」、「圖說詩詞曲文」、「圖說成語」、「詩詞曲文名句卡片製作」、「繪本製作」、「畫說紅樓夢」、「家族照片－續修台灣通史」、「多媒體教學」等活動。第五章說明與肢體動覺智慧結合的國語文創意教學實踐，分享「一桿稱仔戲劇表演」、「大家來辦桌」、「活用圖書館」、「大地遊戲－圖書館闖關遊戲」、「東海燈會」等活動。最末章說明研究結果、建議及檢討。學生是審美的主體，國文教師於教學中投入視覺空間智能的色彩、線條和想像，音樂智能的節奏、旋律和音色組合，肢體運動智能的戲劇和肢體語言，將使學生在傾聽、說話、閱讀、寫作等活動上更具統整性、多樣性和創造性。

Study On the Depositions of Landslides With Different Slope Gradient and Soil Water Content

土石流溪谷邊坡崩塌地所產生之土石為土石流之主要材料來源，當邊坡崩積土與雨水混合後，因為重力作用將順著地表斜坡移動，可形成大規模的土石流，常為致災的肇因。為了解崩塌土體如何轉變成土石流之流態，本試驗使用二種不同底床材質、三種不同土砂組成之土體與五種不同含水量，在不同底床坡度條件下，以渠槽試驗觀測崩塌土體產生之運動與堆積現象。而試驗結果顯示： 1.在相同含水量之條件下，當坡度增加，耗能增加。而在不同含水量情況下，土體受視凝聚性影響，未飽和土基質穩固於坡度33%以上耗能才快速增加；而乾土於坡度21%以上、而飽和土於坡度34%耗能才快速增加。 2.未飽和土體崩塌後顆粒間碰撞、摩擦，因此耗能大於飽和土體。 3.土體崩塌之堆積長度(L)和傾斜係數(L/H)隨底床坡度增加而增加而形狀係數和堆積傾斜角卻隨底床坡度增加而減少。 4.土體剪力強度影響試驗參數，剪力強度大則堆積長度及傾斜係數小而形狀係數、堆積傾斜角大；剪力強度小則相反。 5.土體崩塌之堆積長度及傾斜係數隨含水量增加而減少，而形狀係數及堆積傾斜角隨含水量增加而增加。 6.粗糙度影響試驗參數，粗糙度大之底床，土體崩塌之堆積長度及傾斜係數小而形狀係數、堆積傾斜角大;粗糙度小之底床則相反。 7.三種土體在不含水的情形下，堆積形狀隨著底床坡度的增加從扇形變化到橢圓形，顯示能量損耗之影響。The mixtures of sand, gravel, silt and water move down by gravity along the slope and become extensive accumulation in the downstream. In order to understand how the colluvial mass transfer into debris flow. The movement behaviors of landslide were observed by laboratory test. We used different condition as five kinds of water content, three kinds of grain size and two kinds of channel bed materials. The results were shown as follows: 1. For the same water content, as the slope increases, the resistance increase. For the different water content, as the influence of apparent cohesiveness on soil, unsaturated soil is avalanched by 33%, the dry soil is avalanched by 21% and the saturated soil is avalanched by 34%. 2. Because the collision and friction of the particle are violent, the resistance of unsaturated soil is bigger than saturated soil. 3. When the slope increases, collapse length and L/H is increase. When the slope increases, the A/L2 and deposition angle is decrease. 4. The large shear strength makes the collapse length and L/H increased, the A/L2 and deposition angle decreased. 5. When water content increases, the landslide length, area and L/H value is decrease. When water content increases, the A/L2 and deposition angle is increase. 6. The rougher of bed makes the collapse length and L/H decreased, the A/L2 and deposition angle increased. 7. When the slope increases, the heap type turns into oval-shaped. Show the influence of resistance.摘要 I ABSTRACT II 目錄 III 圖目錄 V 表目錄 VII 照片目錄 VIII 符號說明 IX 第一章 前言 1 第二章 文獻回顧 2 2.1邊坡破壞的原因 2 2.2崩塌型態之分類 4 第三章 理論分析 7 3.1下滑力分析 7 3.2能量不滅定律 8 第四章 試驗材料與方法 9 4.1試驗材料 9 4.2試驗設備 11 4.3試驗方法與步驟 13 第五章 結果與討論 17 5.1坡度與耗能之關係 18 5.2含水量與耗能之關係 21 5.3底床坡度對崩塌土體運動的影響 24 5.4土壤種類對崩塌土體運動的影響 29 5.5含水量對崩塌土體運動的影響 35 5.6底床材料對土體崩塌運動的影響 41 5.7 邊坡崩塌形式分類 45 5.7.1砂土之崩塌型式 45 5.7.2砂質壤土之崩塌型式 46 5.7.3壤質砂土之崩塌型式 47 第六章 結論 48 參考文獻 49 附錄一 砂土之壓克力板渠床試驗結果 50 附錄二 砂質壤土之壓克力板渠床試驗結果 52 附錄三 壤質砂土之壓克力板渠床試驗結果 54 附錄四 砂土之鋼板渠床試驗結果 56 附錄五 砂質壤土之鋼板渠床試驗結果 58 附錄六 壤質砂土之鋼板渠床試驗結果 6

[[alternative]]The relation among high level management’s social network, information access, and degree of innovation in operation strategy in hospitals

[[abstract]]醫療產業是一個專業分工、知識高密度的服務業，醫院高階管理者為提高組織的創新能力及競爭力，需不斷獲得重要資訊及知識，而社會網絡是獲得資訊的重要媒介。過去文獻主要探討社會網絡結構和知識傳遞的關係，然而較少探討如何透過社會網絡獲得資訊及獲得資訊對經營策略採行的創新程度。本研究嘗試以社會網絡之弱連帶及結構縫隙理論，探討全國醫院高階管理者社會網絡、資訊可近性與經營策略創新的程度。本研究針對全國醫院評鑑合格醫院533家，醫學中心共17家，區域乙類教學醫院共64家，區域非教學醫院共6家，地區乙類教學醫院共44家，地區非教學醫院共402家，回收96家(18.01%)。以問卷調查方式進行蒐集資料，以迴歸分析實證研究假設，最後得到之結果如下：一、 醫院高階管理者個人網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫療服務項目資訊可近性有相關。1a：醫院高階管理者個人網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫療服務項目資訊可近性有顯著負相關。1b：醫院高階管理者個人網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫療服務作業流程資訊可近性沒有顯著正相關。1c：醫院高階管理者個人網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫院管理資訊可近性沒有顯著正相關。1d：醫院高階管理者個人網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫療行銷資訊可近性有顯著正相關。二、醫院高階管理者資訊可近性與經營策略創新的程度產生顯著正相關。2a：醫院高階管理者醫療服務項目資訊可近性與醫療服務項目經營策略創新的程度有顯著正相關。2b：醫院高階管理者醫療服務作業流程資訊可近性與醫療服務作業流程經營策略創新的程度有顯著正相關。2c：醫院高階管理者醫院管理資訊可近性與醫院管理經營策略創新的程度有顯著正相關。2d：醫院高階管理者醫療行銷資訊可近性與醫療行銷經營策略創新的程度有顯著正相關。三、醫院高階管理者資訊可近性為個人網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與經營策略創新的程度的中介變項無法獲得驗證。3a：醫院高階管理者醫療服務項目資訊可近性為網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫療服務項目經營策略創新的程度沒有顯著正相關。3b：醫院高階管理者醫療服務作業流程資訊可近性為網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫療服務作業流程經營策略創新的程度沒有顯著正相關。3c：醫院高階管理者醫院管理資訊可近性為網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫院管理經營策略創新的程度沒有顯著正相關。3d：醫院高階管理者醫療行銷資訊可近性網絡效率、網絡性別異質性、網絡關係異質性與醫療行銷經營策略創新的程度沒有顯著正相關。本研究結果在學術上具有實證的貢獻，在實務上有助於醫院高階管理者對於運用社會網絡關係獲得重要的資訊及資源進而採行創新的經營策略的啟發。[[abstract]]This study’s purpose was to examine the high-level management’s social network, information access and degree of innovation in operation strategy in hospitals. The data of the study was reguested from 533 accredited qualified hospitals through questionnaires in Taiwan. Responding subjects came from 96 hospitals (18.01%). According to multiple regression analysis, the major findings were as follows:1. There were significantly correlations between network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and information access in hospitals.1a. There were significantly negative correlations between network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and service item information access in hospitals.1b. There were unable significantly correlations between network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and service process information access in hospitals.1c. There were unable significantly positive correlations between network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and managerial information access in hospitals.1d. There were significantly positive correlations between network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and marketing information access in hospitals.2. There were significantly positive correlations between information access and degree of innovation in operation strategy in hospitals. 2a. There were significantly positive correlations between service item information access and degree of innovation service item in operation strategy in hospitals.2b. There were significantly positive correlations between service process information access and degree of innovation service process in operation strategy in hospitals.2c. There were significantly positive correlations between managerial information access and degree of innovation managerial in operation strategy in hospitals.2d. There were significantly positive correlations between marketing information access and degree of innovation marketing in operation strategy in hospitals.3. This study was unable to prove the mediating effects of information access among network efficiency network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and degree of innovation in operation strategy in hospitals.3a. There were unable to prove the mediating effects of ervice item informations access among network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and degree of innovation service item in operation strategy in hospitals.3b. There were unable to prove the mediating effects of service process information access among network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and degree of innovation service process in operation strategy in hospitals.3c. There were unable to prove the mediating effects of managerial information access among network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and degree of innovation managerial in operation strategy in hospitals.3d. There were unable to prove the mediating effects of marketing information access among network efficiency, network sex heterogeneity, network relation heterogeneity and degree of innovation marketing in operation strategy in hospitals.The present study provides important implications for professional practice to improve high-level management social network efficiency, information access and competitive ability

Surveillance and Integrated Diseases and Pests Management of Ornamental Plants

本計畫調查景觀作物主要病蟲害種類及其週年消長，全年監測有無列名檢疫有害生物之發生情形，並測試主要病蟲害之防治藥劑效果並研發主要的非農藥防治技術。建立重要景觀作物有害生物相，建立防治病蟲害之環境管理規範及非疫生產點技術之研發。 This project focus on the study of management of insect pests and diseases of Ornamental plantsall year around. Some quarantine pests listed were surveyed and monitored. Development of the recommended measures and schedules and nonchemical control of pests and diseases were urgent requirement. The standard operation processes for pests and diseases control will be built up

The management strategy based on the effects of climate change on crop pests

目前大家已能接受全球氣候變遷對生態系統會產生重要影響，這結果多數是藉由經度與緯度變化的角度切入研究。雖然如此，但過去百年以來，台灣仍缺乏農業長期變化與空間分布因子的相關研究。有鑑於此，本研究目標包括蒐集往昔科學研究報告所示之農作物有害生物資料，從中分析農業生態系統之中作物有害生物 (病原、害蟲、雜草)與作物、栽培措施及氣候因子的相互關係，建立一個可以預測氣候暖化對有害生物分布影響的管理策略。 It is now widely accepted that global climate change is affecting many ecosystems around the globe and that its impact is increasing rapidly. Many studies predict that impacts will consist largely of shifts in latitudinal and altitudinal distributions. However, the related studies on long-term changes and spatial distribution characteristics of agro-climatic conditions in the past 100 years in Taiwan are still unknown. Accordingly, the present project has following goals: i) to glean available information from the historically scientific papers associated with mainly crop pests of Taiwan; ii) to analyse the relationships among the pests (e.g. pathogens, insect pests, and weeds), crops, cultivated techniques, and climatic factors in agro-ecosystem, and then, to establish a management strategy to predict the effects of climate warming on species distribution of crop pests