20 research outputs found

    石墨烯/氧化石墨烯及其复合材料在污水处理中的应用研究进展

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    石墨烯(GN)材料作为一种新型的碳质吸附材料,具有耐高温、比表面积高以及良好的化学稳定性等特点,在污水处理方面具有很好的应用前景。综述了GN、形成GN的中间材料氧化石墨烯(GO)以及它们的复合材料在污水处理方面的研究进展。着重介绍了GN和GO的制备方法,分析讨论了GN和GO表面官能团与污水中重金属离子、染料和有机分子等污染物的相互作用机理及影响因素,并指出了GN和GO在环境修复方面的研究现状、存在的问题及发展方向,为未来GN和GO在污染物处理方面的应用提供了一些思路

    绣球花状掺锶碳羟基磷灰石对Pb~(2+)的吸附

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    以NH_4H_2PO_4、Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O、Sr(NO_3)_2和尿素[CO(NH_2)_2]为原材料,通过水热法合成了一种单分散、由纳米片自组装而成的绣球花状三维(3-D)掺锶碳羟基磷灰石(Sr-CHAp),并用于吸附酸性水溶液中的铅离子(Pb~(2+)).研究了溶液p H、吸附时间、初始浓度对Sr-CHAp材料吸附Pb~(2+)的影响及在其在不同p H条件下的吸附机理.采用XRD、SEM、FI-IR和BET等技术对材料及吸附产物进行表征.结果表明,该吸附剂材料表面具有介孔结构,平均孔隙宽度是11.10 nm,具有较大的比表面积(43.54 m~2·g~(-1)),在pH3时对Pb~(2+)具有较高的饱和吸附量(985.1 mg·g~(-1));其等温线吸附数据符合Langmuir模型,动力学吸附数据符合伪二级动力学模型;在酸性溶液中其对Pb~(2+)的吸附主要表现为溶解/沉淀机理,溶液p H值的大小影响吸附后的产物,强酸性条件下有利于PbHPO_4的生成,而p H值为3—6时主要生成Pb_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2

    Guaranteed cost control of networked control systems under limited communication capacity and variable sampling

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    The problem of guaranteed cost control for the networked control systems (NCSs) with time-varying delays, time-varying sampling intervals and signals quantization was investigated, wherein the physical plant was continuous-time one, and the control input was discrete-time one. By using an input delay approach and a sector bound method, the network induced delays, quantization parameter and sampling intervals were presented in one framework in the case of the state and the control input by quantized in a logarithmic form. A novel Lyapunov function with discontinuity, which took full advantages of the NCS characteristic information, was exploited. In addition, it was shown that Lyapunov function decreased at the jump instants. Furthermore, the Leibniz-Newton formula and free-weighting matrix methods were used to obtain the guaranteed cost controller design conditions which were dependent on the NCS characteristic information. A numerical example was used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods

    Contribution of NSFC in promoting the interdisciplinary subject of Xiamen University:a Summary of engineering and material subject

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    国家自然科学基金(以下简称科学基金)作为我国支持基础研究的主渠道之一,面向全国,重点资助具有良好研究条件、研究实力的高等院校和科研机构中的研究人员[1]。科学基金自成立以来秉承"支持基础研究、坚持自由探索、发挥导向作用"的战略定位,实施源头创新战略、科技人才战略、创新环

    Synthesis and Characlerization of Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Substitute by Alkoxyl Groups

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    [中文文摘]利用脱氯化氢的方法合成了聚(2-甲氧基-5-己氧基)对苯乙炔(PMOHOPV)、聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔(PMOCOPV)、聚(2,5-二丁氧基)对苯乙炔(PDBOPV)、聚(2,5-二己氧基)对苯乙炔(PDHOPV)、聚(2,5-二辛氧基)对苯乙炔(PDCOPV)等5种聚合物发光材料.通过核磁和红外表征了它们的结构.通过热失重曲线考察了它们的热稳定性.并从温度、催化剂、反应时间、烷氧基取代等方面考察了对聚合物溶解性、分子量、发光性能等的影响.发现可以通过催化剂的用量来改变聚合物分子量,聚合物的分子量与聚合物的溶解性成正比.[英文文摘]Five kinds of PPV derivatives(poly(2-methoxy-5-hexyloxy1,4-phenylene vinylene)(PMOHOPV),poly(2-methoxy-5-octyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)(PMOCOPV),poly(2,5-dibutyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)(PDHOPV),poly(2,5-dihexyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)(PDHOPV),poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene)(PDCOPV))are prepared by dehydrochlorination process with p-methoxyphenol and p-diphenol as raw materials.In comparison with PPV,the five kinds of PPV derivatives can resolve in organic solvent.The influences of synthesis route and reaction conditions are investigated in detail. The structure of five kinds of PPV derivatives are characterized with FTIR and 1HNMR. The thermal stability and thermo performance are obtained from TGcurves. The molecular weight is measured by GPC. The influence of the amount of catalyst , reaction time , temperature , the length of side group on the solubilityof polymer , molecular weight , performance of UV absorption、photoluminescence and electroluminescence is researched. It is found that the molecular weight of polymer can be changed by the amount of catalyst , at the same time , the solubility of polymer increases with the molecular weight of polymer.国家科技部863计划(2001A313070

    Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Temperature Field for Laser Welded Stainless Steel Lap Joint

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    温度场是影响激光焊接焊缝成形质量的关键因素. 针对非熔透型激光搭接焊接头焊缝成"钉头"状的特点,通过分析焊接时材料吸收激光能量的分布情况,提出了高斯面热源加线性递增式柱热源的复合体热源模型. 模型考虑板间接触热阻的影响,并将计算结果和试验结果进行了对比,发现模拟出的焊缝形状和试验吻合较好;此外基于本模型对焊缝各处的热循环与焊缝组织形貌及显微硬度的关系进行了分析. 结果表明,焊缝组织形貌及显微硬度除与加热和冷却速率有关外,峰值温度对其也有重要影响;在热循环基本一致的情况下焊缝的性能相似. 该模型较准确地模拟了薄板激光深熔焊接熔池温度场,对研究激光深熔焊接温度场问题和激光工艺参数的优化选择具有参考价

    高导电性热电池正极材料ninicl2复合物的原位合成与放电性能研究

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    作为高电位化合物,NiCl_2是高功率热电池的理想正极材料,但是其比表面积小、导电性差,影响了其热电池的应用。采用升华和原位合成技术,制备具有大比表面积和高导电性的热电池正极材料Ni-NiCl_2复合粉体: 首先将市售含结晶水的NiCl_2·6H_2O经过低温干燥处理,脱水后形成黄色粉体,然后在Ar气氛下,经850~900℃进行升华处理,将收集的升华粉体置于Ar+H_2还原气氛中,300~500℃温度下还原热处理1 h,得到Ni-NiCl_2复合粉体。论文讨论并分析了粉体的热力学、晶体结构、原位合成过程和初步的电化学性能。结果表明: 升华过程中,NiCl_2晶体沿着垂直于c轴的方向生长为直径200~300 μm的层状结构;与纯NiCl_2作为正极材料的LiSi︱LiCl-LiBr-LiF︱NiCl_2热电池组的放电曲线相比,Ni-NiCl_2复合粉体(5wt%单质Ni)为正极材料的热电池放电曲线更加平稳,激活时间更短

    In-situ Synthesis and Discharge Performance of Ni-NiCl2 Composite as Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

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    作为高电位化合物,NiCl_2是高功率热电池的理想正极材料,但是其比表面积小、导电性差,影响了其热电池的应用。采用升华和原位合成技术,制备具有大比表面积和高导电性的热电池正极材料Ni-NiCl_2复合粉体: 首先将市售含结晶水的NiCl_2·6H_2O经过低温干燥处理,脱水后形成黄色粉体,然后在Ar气氛下,经850~900℃进行升华处理,将收集的升华粉体置于Ar+H_2还原气氛中,300~500℃温度下还原热处理1 h,得到Ni-NiCl_2复合粉体。论文讨论并分析了粉体的热力学、晶体结构、原位合成过程和初步的电化学性能。结果表明: 升华过程中,NiCl_2晶体沿着垂直于c轴的方向生长为直径200~300 μm的层状结构;与纯NiCl_2作为正极材料的LiSi︱LiCl-LiBr-LiF︱NiCl_2热电池组的放电曲线相比,Ni-NiCl_2复合粉体(5wt%单质Ni)为正极材料的热电池放电曲线更加平稳,激活时间更短
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