《联合国海洋法公约》第121条第3款的解释与南海仲裁案

针对是否要依据一定标准限制岛屿主张专属经济区或大陆架这一问题,在联合国第三次海洋法会议的谈判过程中始终存在不同意见。《联合国海洋法公约》仅在第121条第3款做出模糊性规定,该款不仅未明确定义岩礁,而且回避了对岩礁与岛屿进行精确划分。《公约》第121条第3款的解释是众多国际法学者关心的问题,然而国际法学者的解释并不一致。南海仲裁案仲裁庭在实体问题裁决中对《公约》第121条第3款进行解释,并据此判定包括太平岛在内的南沙群岛所有岛礁在法律上均为无法产生专属经济区或者大陆架的\"岩礁\"。仲裁庭对《公约》第121条第3款进行的解释以及对南海岛礁法律地位的判定,均存在明显缺陷。国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国南海岛礁所涉重大现实问题及其对策研究”(编号:16ZDA07

The Construction of China's Identity of "Arctic Stakeholder"

身份的重要性在于群体成员的"我者群体"身份越强烈,越容易促使其加强"我者群体"与"他者群体"之间的区别,并导致对"他者群体"的歧视乃至排斥。目前中国在参与北极事务过程中被一些国家赋予的"非北极国家"等身份,是"北极国家"对参与北极事务的国家群体进行分类的结果,导致"非北极国家"的参与遭受质疑。中国政府于2015年冰岛"北极圈论坛"大会上首次向国际社会强调自己作为"北极利益攸关者"的身份。以"利益攸关者"展现自己并参与北极事务,有助于打破"我者—他者"二元身份逻辑,突破既有的"北极国家—非北极国家"二元对立划分方式。加强在"利益攸关者"这一集体身份下的认同,还有助于推动各方增信释疑、促进合作。身份建构是内在建构与外在承认的统一体。中国符合"北极利益攸关者"的构成标准。中国正在推动"北极利益攸关者"身份的内在建构,并积极争取获得更多外在承认。中国还需要努力成为"负责任的北极利益攸关者"。We maintain or enhance our self-esteem by maximizing differences between our group and other groups on dimensions that positively reflect traits of our group. It appears that the more we identify with our group, the more likely we are to discriminate against out-groups. China＇s ＂non-Arctic states＂ identity leads to the discrimination by Arctic States. Chinese representatives has emphasized that China is a major stake- holder in the Arctic at Arctic Circle Assembly, 2015. It will be more beneficial to strengthen cooperation if we view all participants as ＂Arctic Stakeholders＂. The construction of identity consists of internal construc- tion and external recognition. China conforms to standards of ＂Arctic Stakeholders＂, and China is trying to gain more external recognition. Furthermore, China also needs to play the role of a responsible Arctic Stake- holder.国家社科基金重点项目“国际法视角下的中国北极航线战略研究”(13AZD084)的阶段性研究成果

Shigeharu Matsumoto : Incessant Quest for "Japan in the World"

早大学位記番号:新9187博士(学術)早稲田大

Tracking nitrogen pollutants in Xiamen coastal river via multiple techniques and strategy of water quality management

全球变化背景下海岸带地区面临多种环境压力,快速城镇化和人类活动导致河流与海湾营养盐污染和富营养化问题加重,污染溯源是水体达标方案编制与实施的重要; 环节.兼顾科学性与操作性,本文基于综合溯源思路,以厦门湾河流为例,于水质较差的枯水期开展水系沿程梯度调查,进行氮的生物地球化学过程解析,结合硝酸; 盐氮氧双位素及土地利用统计分析,探明氮污染关键源区和氨氮超标成因.结果表明,研究区63%的站位水中氨氮占无机氮的50%以上,沿下游方向氨氮污染加; 重,且与城镇与农村宅基地、渔塘的面积占比均呈正相关.土壤氮、粪肥及污水和化肥贡献了硝酸盐89%~; 91%的来源.最后,提出了污染减排(控源)、生态修复(增容)、以海定陆(统筹)的水体达标策略,为我国水污染防治与管理提供方法示范.Global change has imposed multiple environment stresses on coastal; waters. Rapid urbanization and increasing human perturbation resulted in; severe nutrient loadings followed by eutrophication in coastal waters.; Therefore source identification and tracking become critical for water; quality management. Based on its feasibility,here we conducted a case; study for Xiamen coastal river,in order to track possible nitrogen; pollution sources. Water quality was measured in the whole river during; dry season,in order to explore the biogeochemical processes of nitrogen.; With dual isotopic techniques (delta15N and delta18 O) and statistical; information of land uses,we identified the key source of nitrogen; pollutants,and clarified the causes leading to ammonium levels of; exceeding standards. Current results show that ammonium was the dominant; form (>50%) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen at 63% sampling sites.; Ammonium concentration increased along river downward and significantly; correlated with the areal proportion of built /residence lands and; aquaculture ponds in associate catchment. Soil organic nitrogen,manure; and sewage,and synthetic fertilizer contribute 89% ~ 91% of nitrate; sources. Therefore,we proposed that nitrogen emission; abatement,ecological restoration and integrated sea-land management; should be considered together for improving water quality management.; This study provides an important reference for national water pollution; control and management.国家重点研发计划; 国家自然科学基

魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)热休克蛋白90(HSP90)基因的克隆及转录表达分析

热休克蛋白90(HSP90)作为一种研究的常规免疫基因,在许多物种都有过报道。本研究从构建的魁蚶转录组文库中筛选得到的HSP90基因部分序列为基础,通过RACE技术获得其c DNA全长序列(命名为Sb HSP90),以期明确魁蚶HSP90基因的结构特征、组织分布及其对病原菌刺激的免疫变化规律。序列和结构分析表明,该c DNA全长2707bp,编码一个由728个氨基酸组成的多肽,该多肽含有HSP90家族共有的5个签名序列,C端高度保守的MEEVD短肽序列和ATPase结构域;预测蛋白的分子量(Mw)为83.72k Da,理论等电点(p I)为4.85;预测该蛋白无信号肽,具有4个糖基化位点。同源性及系统分析表明,Sb HSP90基因与软体动物的HSP90相似性达到83%以上,其中与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)相似度最高达86%,与甲壳动物HSP90的相似度都在81%左右,与脊椎动物HSP90-α和HSP90-β的同源性都很接近。实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)结果表明:Sb HSP90 m RNA在魁蚶血细胞、斧足、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌和肝胰腺和中均有表达,斧足中的表达量相对较高,而在肝胰腺中的表达量则相对较低;注射鳗弧菌后,相对于对照组,Sb HSP90基因在所检测的每个组织中m RNA水平上的表达量都显著上调(P<0.01),而且具有显著的时间依赖性和瞬时表达趋势。国家自然科学基金项目,31602142号;;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目,2017GH07号;;浙江省重中之重学科开放基金,KF2015007

Application of Ionic Liquids in Extraction and Separation

室温离子液体是由正负离子组成的室温为液体的熔融盐,因其具有极低的蒸汽压、可设计性和特殊的选择溶解能力等独特的性质,使得其在萃取分离有机物及金属离子、液相微萃取和汽油柴油中脱硫及碱性氮化物等领域都有着广泛应用。综述了离子液体在萃取分离上的应用进展。Ionic substances with melting points close to room temperature were referred as room-temperature ionic liquids,which showed lots of unique properties,e.g.environmentally benign,nonvolatile,designable and were good solvents for a wide range of both organic and inorganic materials.Ionic liquids are widely used in extraction and separation processes,e.g.extraction and separation of metal ions and organic compounds,headspace liquid-phase micro extraction,removal of basic nitrogen compound from distilled diesel and desulphurization of gasoline.In this paper,the recent application of ionic liquids in extraction and separation were reviewed.教育部科学技术研究基金重点资助项目(207108

Effects of transfection with acidic fibroblast growth factor by electroporation on skeletal muscle satellite cells

背景:课题组早期研究表明体外一定剂量酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖有促进作用。目的:进一步验证电穿孔转染酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因对骨骼肌卫星细胞生长、增殖及分化的影响。方法:原代培养、纯化骨骼肌卫星细胞,将带有酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因的质粒P SECTAg-gfP-A fgf通过电转染的方法转染大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞,荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况并计算转染率,以流式细胞仪分析转染后细胞周期,绘制细胞生长曲线,观察转染后肌管形成情况,WESTErn blOTIng检测酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因的表达。结果与结论:1免疫细胞化学检测:骨骼肌肌动蛋白呈阳性表达。2转染效率:P SECTAg-A fgf质粒电转染12 H后即可看见散在发绿色荧光的卫星细胞,72-96 H达高峰,阳性表达率约90%。3细胞周期检测:电转染后S期所占的百分比明显多于未转染对照组(P<0.05)。4细胞生长曲线检测:电转染细胞接种后第3天进入对数生长期,第5天后开始减少。5分化能力观察:电转染组肌管较未转染对照组明显减少,老化细胞较少。6WESTErn-blOT:酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因在转染骨骼肌卫星细胞中表达。结果表明,通过电穿孔法可以将酸性成纤维细胞生长因子基因转染进骨骼肌卫星细胞并获得高效持久的表达,并有促进骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖及抑制分化为肌管的作用。BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that a certain dose of acidic fibroblast growth factor can promote skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transfection with acidic fibroblast growth factor by electroporation on growth, proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells.METHODS: Skeletal muscle satellite cells were cultured and purified, and then transfected with plasmid p Sectag-GFP-a FGF by electroporation.The expression of green fluorescent protein was observed under fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was calculated.After transfection, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to draw the growth curve of skeletal muscle satellite cells.Western blot assay was employed to measure protein level of acidic fibroblast growth factor.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Immunocytochemistry detection: The skeletal muscle satellite cells were positive for a-sarcomeric actin.(2) Transfection efficiency: At 12 hours after transfection with p Sectag-a FGF, several cells showed green fluorescence, and the green fluorescent expression reached the peak at 72-96 hours after transfection with a positive rate of about 90%.(3) Cell cycle: After electrotransfection, the proportion of cells at S phase in the electroporation group was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).(4) Cell growth curve: At 3 days after electrotransfection, the cells entered logarithmic growth phase but the proliferation slowed down at 5 days.(5) Differentiation capacity: There were fewer myotubes and aging cells in the electroporation group than the control group.(6) Western blot assay: Acidic fibroblast growth factor protein was highly expressed in the cells transfected with target gene detected by western blot assay.These findings indicate that by using electroporation method, acidic fibroblast growth factor can be transferred into skeletal muscle satellite cells and have a high-efficiency and long-term expression, which can promote the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells and inhibit formation of myotubes