Study on Tissue Culture and Mechanisms of Adventitious Branches Induction and Inorganic Carbon Acquisition in Gracilaria lichenoides

大型海藻组织培养（seaweedtissueculture，STC）技术可以解决大型海藻栽培中的诸多问题，主要包括高品质藻种的保存、大规模育苗生产以及基因工程研究等。然而，STC还面临着很多困难，例如：愈伤组织（callus）诱导与再分化困难、且形成率低；对于很多藻种，切块培养后会快速极性再生不定芽（adventitiousbranches，ABs）而非callus；同时，这一过程会因藻种的不同而对外源植物激素的敏感性有所不同。研究表明，转录因子、MicroRNA（miRNA）和内源植物激素等因素在细胞脱分化与再分化、植物极性建成以及抗逆机制等生物过程中扮演着重要角色。而正是由于STC缺乏这方...SeaweedTissue culture (STC) could solve the problems associated with Gracilaria cultivation, including the consistent supply of high-quality seed stock, strain improvement, and genetic engering. However, STC lags behind that of higher plants because of the paucity of genomic information. The main morphological response to wounding of seaweed explants in vitro is the direct production of adventitio...学位：工学博士院系专业：化学化工学院_生物化工学号：2062013015380

両眼立体視における接近運動の知覚特性に関する研究

電気通信大学200

浄水処理におけるナノろ過特性に関する研究

八戸工業大

金融摩擦、金融中介与金融危机:研究前沿

本文综述了金融危机理论的最新进展。主张“错在市场“的金融危机理论认为,为降低金融摩擦金融中介出现,金融中介又因而天生具备脆弱性,遇到大的负向外生冲击,金融危机发生。主张“错在政府“的金融危机理论认为,是政府错误的货币政策,使得金融中介信用扩张过度,从而引发金融危机。不同的金融危机模型因此给出了不同的政策建议。总的来看,目前的金融危机理论模型还非常初级。结合中国的国情,本文提出了进一步研究的方向

New Production in the East China Sea and Northern South China Sea

分别于2009年7～9月和2009年12月～2010年1月，应用15N稳定同位素示踪法，开展了中国东海和南海北部新生产力时空分布格局及其粒级结构的研究，同时从物理过程和营养盐输送等方面探讨了不同海域新生产力的季节变化及其调控因素，取得主要结果如下： 1.表层新生产力的空间变化特征 东海表层新生产力变化范围为0.053～4.060mgC•m-3•h-1，夏季平均值为1.093±1.192mgC•m-3•h-1，冬季平均值为0.330±0.303mgC•m-3•h-1。夏、冬季表层新生产力分布呈现不同变化趋势，夏季呈现近岸...Isotope 15N protocol was used to measure new production (NP) with size-fractionation in the East China Sea and northern South China Sea in the two cruises in July-September, 2009 and December, 2009-January, 2010, respectively. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of NP and their controlling factors were investigated. The main results were as follows: 1. Surface NP (NPs) ranged 0.053-4.060 m...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：2262008115154

Research Design of Lithium-ion Battery Charger IC

随着便携式电子产品的高速发展以及可充电电池市场的不断增大，研究如何充分适应电池特性，最大可能延长电池寿命，并且符合电子设备充电单元小型化的发展趋势，具有较高效率、安全快速的充电器芯片，具有十分重要的意义。 本文从锂电池化学特性与工作原理入手，通过对可充电电池特性认识以及常用充电方法的研究，分析了充电过程及充电方法对锂电池性能的影响，并在此基础上完成了一款锂离子电池线性充电器芯片的设计。该锂电池充电器芯片采用了恒流恒压（CC/CV）线性充电方式，能够提供高达1A的可编程充电电流，为充分保护电池，将充电过程细分为三个阶段：涓流预充电、恒流充电和恒压充电。先检测待充电电池电压，对过放电电池在充电初...As the development of portable apparatus and secondary built-in battery has been proliferating rapidly in recent years, it is significant and necessary to give a research on design of safe reliable, fast and high efficient charger which is suitable to battery characteristic, able to extend the battery life and in accord with miniaturization of charging unit. In this thesis, the chemic structure, ...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院电子工程系_电路与系统学号：20043000

Research on Alleviating Double Pressure of RMB Exchange Rate and Reforming Exchange Rate Regime

分别从内外两个角度分析了目前的经济形势,得出了人民币面临着双重压力———既有升值的外在压力又有贬值的内在要求这一结论。根据这一结论,提出了缓解双重压力的措施,即保持人民币汇率稳定的对外缓解升值压力,对内扩大内需;接着,提出了人民币汇率制度改革的方向:短期,继续维持人民币汇率基本稳定;中期,改钉住汇率制度为汇率目标区制度;长期,退出汇率目标区制度,实行浮动汇率制。By analyzing the current economic situation from domestic and international aspects respectively,the paper draws the conclusion that RMB exchange rate has exterior pressure of revaluation and interior requirement of devaluation.It presents the measures of alleviating double pressure of RMB exchange rate keeping RMB exchange rate steady while alleviating exterior pressure of revaluation and expand domestic demand to impel the exchange rate to the balanced level.RMB exchange rate reform,in short-term,should continue to maintain the basic stability of RMB exchange rate,in medium-term,change pegging exchange rate system to exchange rate target-zone system and in long-term,change exchange rate target-zone system to floating exchange rate system

The Spatio-temporal Variation of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Its Responses to Mesoscale Physical Processes in the South China Sea

于2007年7月至2011年6月通过7个现场航次，以HPLC光合色素-CHEMTAX分析技术为主要研究方法，对南海典型海区浮游植物群落结构和生物量进行了现场观测。充分结合物理、化学数据，以浮游植物生物量与群落结构的时空变动及其调控因子为着眼点，从“南海浮游植物群落结构、生物量和生产力受主要物理、化学因子调控，显示出明显的时空变化和演替，从而引起南海浮游植物的生物泵效率也存在着时空差异，同时，浮游植物对中尺度过程的响应增加了这种差异的复杂性”这一科学假设出发，针对南海浮游植物群落结构与有机碳输出这一科学问题的四个方面进行研究：1.南海北部海区浮游植物群落结构和生物量的时空变化及其主要调控因子；2.南海北部海区浮游植物功能群的分布特征；3.南海浮游植物群落结构和生物量对中尺度过程(涡旋和珠江冲淡水)的响应及其机制；4.南海主要浮游植物功能群与颗粒有机碳输出通量的耦合关系。通过上述研究内容，以期解决南海浮游植物如何在时空尺度上变动及其调控因子和南海浮游植物功能群的生物泵效率及其影响因子的关键科学问题，并为南海海洋生物地球化学研究提供可供参考的科学依据和相关资料。主要研究结果如下： 方法学上，在以HPLC-CHEMTAX为研究方法，在定性定量分析浮游植物群落结构上提出了适用于南海CHEMTAX运算的原则及注意事项：1.样品单元划分以光强或深度为划分标准，以色素比值的垂直分布为依据；2.色素初始比值的选取采用以Dv-Chla优化的Mackeyetal.(1996)在南大洋的比值矩阵，选取13种色素划分为9个类群；3.采用迭代运算的基本方法，根据运算结果一般选取第4~5次的结果；4.采用色素和生物量回归的方法来对结果进行检验和判断。同时，通过将CHEMTAX与Uitzetal.(2006)的模型算法相比较，提出了色素比值是影响分析结果差异的主要因素。 南海北部海区浮游植物群落结构和生物量的时空变化，TChla生物量存在着明显的时空变化。南海北部浮游植物TChla生物量在秋、冬季高于春、夏季，且自近岸向海盆逐渐降低。浮游植物群落结构的季节演替表现为从春、夏季原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus)和聚球藻(Synechococcus)向秋、冬季硅藻生物量较高转化的模式。在春季，定鞭金藻8型成为过渡类群，而秋季青绿藻则有较高的生物量。空间变化上，近岸硅藻——陆架定鞭金藻——陆坡和海盆区聚球藻和原绿球藻是主要的变化趋势。通过PCA和CCA分析可以看出，优势类群从硅藻和青绿藻——定鞭金藻——聚球藻和原绿球藻演替。温度和N、P营养盐浓度等是影响NSCS浮游植物群落结构的主要因子。 浮游植物生物量和群落结构对中尺度涡的响应，3个反气旋式涡旋(暖涡)之间在生物量和群落组成上无明显差别，但暖涡边缘生物量明显高于中心区和参考站位，浮游植物分布呈现3种不同类型。生物量在边缘:中心:参考约为7:5:2。暖涡边缘产生的亚中尺度涌升使营养盐跃层抬升，更有利于浮游植物生长，尤其是硅藻和甲藻生物量明显提高。暖涡边缘在营养盐跃层以上由于涡动作用，侧向传输至暖涡中心的寡营养盐水，引起暖涡中心聚球藻和原绿球藻与暖涡边缘保持一致的分布。部分未被消耗的营养盐支持了定鞭金藻8型和青绿藻等类群的少量生长。通过将其与西太传入的暖涡相比较，进一步证明了边缘亚中尺度涌升的作用及侧向传递，可见起源不同并不会在暖涡浮游植物生物量和群落结构方面起到最关键的作用。 对于南海西部气旋式涡旋(冷涡)来说，真光层积分TChla生物量在冷涡中心和边缘都显著的增高，表层生物量在冷涡中心显著升高了~1.5倍，但在叶绿素最大层却无显著差别。在冷涡中心，不同类群浮游植物的垂直分布体现了3种特征。冷涡表层聚球藻生物量明显升高，叶绿素最大层的硅藻和青绿藻也明显升高，而定鞭金藻8型和原绿球藻则明显降低。这主要是由于营养盐利用和真光层变浅所致。湄公河冲淡水在冷涡外围，并未对生物量和群落结构造成影响。 夏季珠江冲淡水和近岸上升流影响下的浮游植物群落结构，珠江冲淡水影响区域浮游植物TChla生物量明显增加，新生的冲淡水中表层TChla生物量较高，而老化的冲淡水中次表层TChla生物量较高。营养盐吸收的上行效应引起了冲淡水核心区浮游植物从硅藻向聚球藻转变，从而为微型浮游动物提供了丰富的食物，因而达到较高的丰度和物种组成多样性。而浮游动物的增加又增加了其对浮游植物的摄食压力，通过下行效应降低了冲淡水区的TChla生物量。 近岸上升流区是研究海区TChla生物量最高的区域，硅藻是上升流区的绝对优势类群，占总生物量的80%~85%。通过对不同水团浮游植物生物量和群落结构的分析可以看到，近岸上升流区TChla生物量最高，冲淡水影响区次之。在冲淡水——上升流——南海水中存在着硅藻和聚球藻——硅藻——原绿球藻和定鞭金藻的群落结构差别。上升流影响区域ΔDIN:ΔDIP为16.7，与Redfieldratio一致。而在冲淡水中ΔDIN:ΔDIP为61.3±8.7。不同的浮游植物类群存在着N，P营养盐吸收上的差别，而N，P营养盐的外源补充和在水体中自身的再生和循环又会导致浮游植物群落结构的转变，因此二者之间存在着相互作用的动态关系。 浮游植物群落结构与颗粒有机碳输出通量的耦合，南海北部海区浮游植物TChla与积分初级生产力(Voss,etal.)呈现显著正相关关系，其中夏季和冬季相关性尤为明显。Nano-粒级生物量百分比在30%~50%的情况下，一般具有较高的IPP。定鞭金藻8型和青绿藻都与IPP表现出显著的正相关性。南海北部海区POC输出通量与IPP的比例多数都在10%或以下，夏季和秋季个别点可达到20%~50%。而对于积分新生产力(INP)和POC输出通量之间的关系，南海秋季比值较高，而在夏、冬季这一比值基本在40%~50%之间。冬季真光层底部主要是以定鞭金藻8型为优势类群，其与生物泵效率的负相关性说明其沉降效率较低，因而可能存在即使f-ratio较高，但转化效率较低，从而降低POC输出通量的情况。 通过分粒级原位泵在300m和500m发现了存在聚球藻的特征色素玉米黄素(Zeaxanthin)和原绿球藻特有的二乙烯基叶绿素a(Dv-Chla)，由此得到了Nano-和Pico-粒级浮游植物会通过聚集、打包作用等，形成较大颗粒从而提高沉降速率的直接证据。1~10μm的深层样品中发现岩藻黄素比例增加，而相对应的Micro-级浮游植物的比例也有所增加(30%~50%)，这一现象的原因可能是由于破碎作用所致。同时证明了冬季在下降流作用的陆架泵具有侧向传送的现象。The technology of high performance liquid chromatography combined with CHEMTAX software to define the phytoplankton community structure was applied in 7 cruises study carrying out during July, 2007~June, 2011 in the South China Sea (SCS). The hypothesis was that as the distribution and community composition of phytoplankton in the SCS was spatio-temporal variable, the primary production and the proceses of the biological pump was also variable, especially, under the influence of high frequency meso-scale physical processes (eg. Eddy, river plume and coastal upwelling). So the scientific question had been processing from 4 portions in the present study, that was, 1. The distribution of phytoplankton in the SCS; 2. The spatio-temporal variation of major Phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) in the SCS; 3. The response of phytoplankton community to the meso-scale physical process in the SCS; 4. The coupling correlation between the PFTs and the particles organic carbon (POC) fluxes in the SCS. Through the research contents above, the regularity, controlling factors, and the potential mechanism was aimed to be acquired. The main results below: Methodology, giving the procotol of CHEMTAX running and optimizing for the SCS HPLC-CHEMTAX study. As 1. Samples grouping followed the depth, might be best in optical attenuation means; 2. 13 kinds of pigments were applied to the adjusting ratios in Mackey et al. (1996) to acquire the 9 groups of phytoplankton composition; 3. Successive running was necessary and picked up the results when the ratios convergence after the 4th ~5th running; 4. Linear regression between the “ture” and “estimated” values was used to test the consistency of the results. CHEMTAX’s results were also compared to the model resuts of Uitz et al. (2006). The spatio-temporal variation of phytoplankton community in the NSCS, The TChl a biomass was significantly higher in fall or winter than in spring or summer, in which the higher biomass seasons dominated by Diatoms comparing to Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in warmer seasons. Haptophytes_8 in spring and Prasinophytes in fall were two intermediate populations. Diatoms- Haptophytes_8- Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus succession was remarkable from coast to offshore basin. The temperature, N and P nutrients were the major factors influenced the distribution patterns and biomass. The response of phytoplankton to the meso-scale eddies, there were no significant difference in phytoplankton biomass and composition among the three anti-cyclonic eddies (ACEs). Taking each ACE individually, the biomass at edge: center: reference was ~7:5:2. The submesoscale upwelling at the eddies’ edge made where the profit for Diatoms and Dinoflagellate. The upper layer was almost occupied by Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus no matter in/out the ACEs. Analogy to the former studies and a Rossby-wave eddy through the Luzon Strait to the NSCS shelf in winter suggested the origin was not the primary effective factors for the variation of phytoplankton community composition. The deep chlorophyll a maximum layer (DCML) showed a dome structure, and the TChl a concentration at the cyclonic eddy (CE2) center was almost equivalent to the biomass outside. But there were 1.3-fold and 2.2-fold higher TChl a biomass at water column average inventory of euphotic zone and at surface, respectively. Three distribution patterns of different phytoplankton communities were sorted by their vertical feudal distinction. The enhancement of Synechococcus at the surface, Diatoms and Prasinophytes at the DCML were the key contribution to the increasing of water column biomass. Although the hydrological and nutrient signals of CE2 was not so obviously at the surface, the TChl a and all the different phytoplankton population had remarkable responses to CE2. That might be the results of the combination effect of water mixing and nutrients depleted by phytoplankton. The combination effects of Pearl River plume and coastal upwelling to the phytoplankton community in summer 2008, the enhancement in TChl a biomass was obviously at the surface and subsurface for vigorous and old-aged plume, respectively. Community succession was from Chlorophytes at the estuary to the Diatoms at the plume and to the Synechococcus at the old-aged plume. Bottom-up and top-down took effects simultaneously. The Diatoms dominated 80~85% biomass in the upwelling, comparing to ~50% in the plume, which might be the results of nutrients utilizing difference. The status of ΔDIN: ΔDIP was about 16.7 in the upwelling and 61.3±8.7 in the plume implied that phytoplankton in the plume might consume the non-DIP nutrient. The coupling correlation between PFTs and POC Flux, positive correlation was constructed between TChl a and integrated primary production (Voss, et al.), especially with higer IPP under the 30%~50% Nano-fractional phytoplankton biomass. POC Flux/IPP was below 10% at most of the status, but increased to 20%~50% somehow in summer or fall. The POC Flux/INP was higher in fall than the 40%~50% in summer or winter. The predominance of Haptophytes_8 in winter might play the leading role in high f-ratio but low POC Fluxes, as its low settling effciency. The evidence of Pico- and Nano- phytoplankton’s sinking to the 300 m and 500 m was obtained using the size-fractional in situ pumps. It was the results of the repackaged effect or aggregated. However, 30%~50% Micro-size phytoplankton in the 1~10 μm samples in the deep water indicated that the broking down of the larger particles existing and also the lateral transmission from the continiental shelf under the dynamic downwelling in winter.学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院_海洋生物学学号：2242007015356

产业结构调整的国际比对

产业结构调整是经济增长和发展的重要因素。在20世纪60年代,以库兹涅茨为代表的经济学家就对此作出了深刻的分析。然而,对于现今在区域发展中所面临的产业结构调整的问题,我们却没有很好地从这个方面寻找发展的规律。本文旨在通过统计分析各个国家的产业结构与经济增长之间的关系,来揭示对于我们发展有益的规律