Study on the Effectiveness of Newly Erupted Permanent Tooth Plaque Removal : Part-II On toothbrush cleaning method of mandibular first permanent molar

Toothbrushing to physically remove plaque is one of the most commonly recommended and reliable means to achieve good oral hygiene. However, good brushing skills are needed particularly for the newly erupted first permanent molars because the anatomical structures and eruption processes of the first permanent molars are very complicated. In the study, thirty children aged 5-9 years participated, and OHI (oral hygiene index) for each child was assessed before and after by using two types of powered toothbrushes (arcuate and vibratory motions) and a regular manual toothbrush in removing supragingival plaque from the first permanent molars. Results were as follows: 1) In all surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars, the effects of the powered toothbrushes in removing supragingival plaque were found to be better than the manual toothbrush. 2) On right side of first permanent molars, a significant difference was found among arcuate powered toothbrush, vibratory powered toothbrush and the manual toothbrush. On the contrary, on the left side of first permanent molars, a significant difference was only found between the arcuate and the manual toothbrush. 3) In all different eruption stages of the first permanent molar, the effects of powered toothbrushes in removing supragingival plaque were found to be better than the manual toothbrush

Application of nuclear magnetic resonance in the study of marine fish

核磁共振(nuClEAr MAgnETIC rESOnAnCE,nMr)以其精确性、选择性和无创性成为最有用和最普遍的谱学分析方法之一。从复杂的生物分子到各种材料,从活的有机体到纳米分子,nMr谱提供了许多宝贵的信息。鱼肉和鱼卵富含动物蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸和磷脂质等物质,易被人体消化吸收,对人类体力和智力的发展具有重大作用,因此对经济鱼类和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010121008); 国家自然科学基金(21203155和11174239

八大山人の贋作(竹中暉雄教授退任記念号)

Bada Shanren was a famous painter and poet in China in the seventeenth century. This article about the fake art of Bada Shanren, was originally written by the late Mr. KANAOKA Yuzou who was the famous collector of the art of Bada Shanren. And this manuscript was looked over, revised and edited by HAYASHI Kousaku

The Effect of Multi-irreversibilities on Thermoeconomic Performance of a Heat Transformer

【中文文摘】基于一类不可逆三热源热变换器的循环模型,提出以每单位成本的泵热率作为热经济学目标函数,优化热变换器的各种性能参数.分析内不可逆性、热漏和经济参数对热变换器性能的影响,利用数值解计算热经济学目标函数的最大值及所对应的各种性能参数. 【英文文摘】The heating load per unit cost is taken as the thermoeconomic objective function with the cycle model of a class of irreversible three-heat-source heat transformers as the basis. The objective function is used to optimize the performance of the cycle. The effect of internal irreversibility, heat leak and economic parameter on the performance of the cycle is analyzed. The maximum thermoeconomic function and the corresponding performance parameters are obtained by using numerical calculation. The results obtained here provide some valuable guidance for the optimal design and operation of practical systems.国家自然科学基金资助项目(59976033

Efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe for Treating Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Its Effect on Free Fatty Acid and TNF-α

目的观察皂术茵陈方治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)患者的临床疗效,并探讨其对游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)及TNF-α的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将120例NASH患者分为治疗组及对照组,每组60例。治疗组予中药皂术茵陈方,每日1剂;对照组予水飞蓟宾葡甲胺片200 mg口服,每日3次,两组均治疗24周。分别于治疗前后通过检测血清ALT、AST活性及TC、TG水平;行腹部CT计算肝脾CT比值;应用肝组织病理检查评价非酒精性脂肪性肝病活动度积分(NAFLD activity score,NAS)及纤维化程度以评价临床疗效;并检测血清FFA及TNF-α含量。结果与本组治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清ALT、AST、TC、TG、FFA、TNF-α水平、肝组织NAS积分及症状体征积分均明显降低,肝纤维化程度明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),且治疗组降低更明显(P<0.05)。治疗24周后,治疗组肝纤维化分期总有效率及临床总有效率分别为80.00%(48/60)、85.00%(51/60),明显高于对照组[60.00%(36/60)、73.33%(44/60)],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论皂术茵陈方可改善NASH患者的临床疗效,其作用可能与抑制血清FFA及TNF-α水平有关。Objective To observe the efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe(ZZYCR) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) patients, and to explore its effect on serum free fatty acid(FFA) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α).Methods Totally 120 patients with NASH were randomly assigned to the treatment group(60 cases,treated with ZZYCR, one dose per day) and the control group(60 cases, treated with Silibin Meglumine Tablets, 20 mg each time, thrice per day). The therapeutic course for all was 24 weeks. Serum levels of ALT and AST activities, TC and TG levels were detected before and after treatment. Peritoneal CT was performed in all patients, and CT ratios of liver and spleen calculated. NAFLD activity score(NAS) and degree of hepatic fibrosis were assessed using pathological examinations of liver tissue, and efficacy also evaluated. Serum contents of FFA and TNF-αwere also detected. Results Compared with before treatment in the same group, activities of ALT and AST, serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, and TNF-α, NAS, scores of symptoms and signs all obviously decreased, degree of hepatic fibrosis was obviously improved in the two groups(P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). These changes were more obviously seen in the treatment group(P < 0. 05). After 24-week treatment, the total effective rate and total clinical efficacy were 80. 00%(48/60 cases) and 85. 00%(51/60 cases) in the treatment group, obviously higher than those in the control group [60. 00%(36/60 cases) and 73. 33%(44/60 cases) respectively], with significant difference(P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). Conclusion ZZYCR could improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients, and its mechanism might be associated with inhibiting serum levels of FFA and TNF-α.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81503529,81274155);; 福建省自然科学基金面上资助项目(No.2014J01374);; 福建省卫生厅中医药项目(No.wzpw201308);; 厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20134020

Study on the Effectiveness of Plaque Removal on Newly Erupted Permanent Teeth : Part-I The distribution of dental plaque accumulation on mandibular first permanent molar

The immature teeth, especially the first permanent molars show a high caries rate with plaque accumulation. Plaque accumulates easily on newly erupted first permanent molars because of its anatiomical structures, complicated eruption processes and shortage of self-cleaning action. In this study, according to the eruption status of the mandibular first permanent molar, 42 children with the newly erupted molars were divided into 3 stages. Plaque distribution was investigated by using a special camera which was designed by the author et al. According to the photos, plaque distribution on the molars was evaluated and analyzed statistically by computer. Results were as follows: 1. On the different eruption stages: Plaque accumulation was highest in the early eruption stage and decreased as the molars erupted. Significant difference was found between eruption stage 1 and stage 2. 2. On the occlusal surfaces (mesio-part, central-part and distal part): Plaque accumulation decreased on the each part of the occlusal surfaces as the molars erupted. 3. Plaque accumulation on buccal surfaces of the molars was found to decrease as the molars erupted. Significant difference was found among each of the eruption stages. 4. As the molars attained occlusal position, plaque accumulation had a tendency to decline. 5. There was no relationship between the subjects with TBI experience and without it, however, plaque accumulation decreased as the molars erupted

Optimal analysis of the performance of an irreversible quantum heat engine with spin systems

It is considered that the cycle of a quantum heat engine using many non-interacting spin-1/2 systems as the working substance is composed of two adiabatic and two isomagnetic field processes and is referred to as a spin quantum Brayton engine cycle. Based on the quantum master equation and semi-group approach, expressions for the efficiency and power output of the cycle are derived. By using numerical solutions, the power output of the heat engine subject to finite cycle duration is optimized. The maximum power output and the corresponding parameters are calculated numerically. The optimal region of the efficiency and the optimal ranges of temperatures of the working substance and times spent on the two isomagnetic field processes are determined, so that the general optimum performance characteristics of the cycle are revealed. Moreover, the optimal performance of the cycle in the high-temperature limit is also analysed in detail. The results obtained here are further generalized, so that they may be directly used to describe the performance of a quantum Brayton heat engine using spin-J systems as the working substance

Reply to comment on 'Optimal design of a multi-couple thermoelectric generator'

The model used in the paper by Chen et al (2000 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 15 184-8) is general and useful and has been used by several authors to optimize the performance of thermoelectric generators. The content of the comment by Chen and Liao (2004 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 19 558) is incorrect

Optimum performance analysis of a two-stage irreversible magnetization Brayton refrigeration system

A two-stage magnetization Brayton refrigeration cycle model using a paramagnetic material as the working substance is established, in which the regeneration and the irreversibility in the adiabatic processes are taken into account. On the basis of the thermodynamic properties of a paramagnetic material, the expressions of some important parameters such as the coefficient of performance, refrigeration load and work input are derived and used to analyse the performance characteristics of the refrigeration cycle. The influence of the inter-magnetization process, irreversibility in the adiabatic processes and regeneration on the performance of the cycle is discussed in detail. The advantage of adding the inter-magnetization process is expounded and the magnetic field ratio related to the inter-magnetization process is optimized. Moreover, the optimal values of the temperatures of the working substance at different state points and the optimally operating region of the cycle are determined. The results obtained here are compared with those derived from some relevant magnetic Brayton refrigeration cycles, and consequently, some significant conclusions are obtained