Study on Statistical Discipline System Based on the National Standard Subject Categories

统计学科体系及其分类是统计学的基本理论问题之一。本文围绕中国两次颁布的国家标准《学科分类与代码(gb/T13745)》,探讨其中有关统计学科分类的变化、进展、问题和症结,并结合“大统计“思想在中国践行的历程,提出若干新的理论思考。文章认为:数理统计学与经济统计学之间并非简单的“理论“与“应用“关系;目前的统计学科分类体系还值得斟酌和改进;大统计学已经超越了“人文与社会科学“的范畴,具有独特的跨学科门类性质;同时,大统计学只是一个松散的学科群,其分支大都具有“学科归属的二重性“。充分正视这些学科特点,可为正确处理我国高等院校的统计专业设置等问题提供重要依据。Statistical discipline system and its classification is an elementary problem in statistics.This paper centers on China's two national standards "Classification and code of disciplines(GB/T 13745)",discusses the change,progress,problems and crux of classification of some related statistical discipline.Meanwhile,according to the practical process of the idea of general statistics in China,we propose a number of new theoretical thinking.We conclude that the relationship between mathematical statistics and economic statistics is not just like "theory" and "practice";also,there is room for deliberation and improvement of classification of statistical discipline;general statistics is a distinct interdisciplinary category which has transcended the confines of humanities and social sciences;additionally,general statistics is a loose group of subjects whose subfield has the character of belonging to two kinds of disciplines.Facing up to these characters can provide essential guidance on tackling problems like statistical specialties setting in Chinese institutions of higher learning

企业社会责任报告浅析——基于中法企业的对比

随着和谐社会及可持续发展观念的提出,企业社会责任已逐渐成为我国企业的主要经营目标之一,以国家电网、中石油等为首的企业领先发布了独立的社会责任报告为我国社会责任报告的规范和发展作出了贡献。但是综合比较我们可以发现,在社会责任报告方面我们还有许多不足。法国是世界上最完善的制定了企业社会责任报告法律及规范的国家,以法国电力公司(EDF)为例对比研究我国社会责任报告存在的不足之处,可以为我国进一步完善社会责任报告体系,为企业更好地履行社会责任提供借鉴

复合陷光织构膜对光面晶体硅电池光电特性的影响

针对晶体硅表面织构化抵消部分减反射增益的问题,在光面晶体硅电池表面复合三棱锥陷光织构膜来降低其反射损失,同时保留其光生伏特效应较高的优点。分析陷光膜的陷光机理,并通过光线追迹优化陷光膜表面三棱锥结构的几何参数。运用光学仿真与实验对比分析全波长内光面晶体硅电池、绒面晶体硅电池和复合陷光织构膜的光面晶体硅电池光学特性差异,采用加权计算方法定量评价3种晶体硅电池在全波长内的反射损失。实验分析表明,陷光膜可显著降低光面晶体硅电池反射损失,最终复合电池实测加权反射率为6.57%,比光面晶体硅电池和绒面晶体硅电池的加权反射率分别降低8.57%和1.65%;复合电池的光电转换效率达20.34%,比光面晶体硅电池和绒面晶体硅电池分别提高2.33%和1.18%。国家自然科学基金资助项目(51676085

Effects of Shenling Baizhu Powder on expression of apoptosis related proteins of tumor chemotherapy model mice with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells

目的:研究参苓白术散(SLBZP)对H22肝癌移植瘤小鼠化疗后肿瘤凋亡相关因子Caspase -3、; Caspase-9、X染色体连锁凋亡抑制因子(XIAP)、血小板源生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)、血管生成素-1(Ang-1)、血管生成素-2; (Ang-2)表达的影响。方法:SPF级昆明小鼠64只,将肝癌H22细胞悬液(2*10~7/mL)接种于小鼠右前腋皮下,1周全部形成移植瘤后,行; 环磷酰胺(CTX,0.20g/kg,0.2mL/10g)腹腔注射,建立肿瘤化疗模型。随机分组为8组:模型组,CTX(0.02g/kg)组,SLB; ZP高、中、低(6.00、3.00、1.50g/kg)剂量组,SLBZP高、中、低剂量+CTX(0.02g/kg)组,给药14d后,运用蛋白印迹; 法(Western blot)测定小鼠瘤组织中Caspase-3、; Caspase-9、XIAP蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)测定小鼠血清PDGF-BB、Ang-1、Ang-2表达。结果:SLBZP联合治疗; 各组抑瘤作用明显,CT X组,SLBZP高剂量组,SLBZP高、中剂量+C T X组抑瘤率分别为52.39%、; 45.84%、58.41%、52.77%。与模型组比较,各治疗组血清PDGF-BB、Ang-1、Ang-2及瘤组织中XIAP表达呈现出被下调的趋; 势,瘤组织中Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达呈现出被上调的趋势,且以SLBZP高剂量加CTX组变化幅度最为显著(P<0.01,P<0.; 05)。结论:SLBZP联合化疗可以更有效调节H22肝癌移植瘤小鼠肿瘤凋亡相关因子的表达,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡可能是其改善化疗的机制之一。Objective: To investigate the effects of Shenling Baizhu Powder (SLBZP); on expression of apoptosis related proteins such as Caspase-3,; Caspase-9, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), PDGF-BB, Ang-1, Ang-2; of tumor chemotherapy model mice with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma; cells. Methods: Sixty-four Kunming mice were subcutaneously injected; with suspension of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2*10~7/mL) into; the right anterior armpit. After 1 week, all transplanted tumors were; formed and the mice were received intraperitoneal injection with cytoxan; (CTX) with the dosage of 0.2g/kg to establish the tumor chemotherapy; model. Then mice were randomly divided into eight groups. CTX group was; treated with CTX (0.02g/kg), the model group was treated with; physiologic saline, three SLBZP groups were treated with SLBZP (6.00,; 3.00, 1.50g/kg), and other three groups were treated with SLBZP (6.00,; 3.00, 1.50g/kg) plus CTX (0.02g/kg). After all groups were treated for; 14 days, Western blot was used to detect the expression of Caspase-3,; Caspase-9 and XIAP proteins in tumor tissue, and protein expression of; PDGF-BB, Ang-1, Ang-2 in blood was measured by enzyme-linked; immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The combined treatment group had; obvious effect on tumor inhibition. Tumor inhibitory ratios in CTX; alone, SLBZP (H), SLBZP (H) plus CTX, and SLBZP (M) plus CTX groups were; 52.39%, 45.84%, 58.41% and 52.77% respectively. Compared to the model; group, the protein expressions of PDGF-BB, Ang-1, Ang-2, and XIAP in; tumor tissue were obviously lower than those in all treated groups. And; the expressions of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in tumor tissue showed a; trend of up-regulation. And the effect in SLBZP (H) plus CTX group was; the most significant (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: SLBZP can more; effectively adjust the expression of apoptosis related proteins of tumor; in mice with H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and promoting tumor; apoptosis may be one of the possible mechanisms of SLBZP to improve; chemotherapy in treating hepatic cancer.国家自然科学青年基金项目; 福建省自然科学基金项目; 福建省大学生创新创业训练项

Phytoplankton biomarkers in surface seawater from the northern South China Sea in summer 2009 and their potential as indicators of biomass/community structure

生物标志物已被广泛应用于重建浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化。该方法假设之一是生标的含量可以反映表层海水的浮游植物生物量,但这个假设还缺乏现场观测的充分验证。对2009年冬季南海北部表层海水颗粒物中主要生标做了分析,利用其含量及比值研究浮游植物的生物量及群落结构的分布。生标含量表明硅藻、甲藻、颗石藻的高值区位于珠江口南部及广东沿岸,在陆坡区也有高值。生标比值显示硅藻在3个类群中的相对比例最高。其中,甲藻/硅藻比值高值区位于陆坡区,这与大洋水(黑潮)的入侵,带来大量暖水性甲藻有很大关系;颗石藻/硅藻比值总体趋势与生物量的分布相反,在近岸少数站位有高值,向外海逐渐增加,主要是因为颗石藻更适于寡营养盐的环境。生标结果所指示的生物量及群落结构的空间分布与前人的调查结果类似,为利用生标重建此区域的浮游植物生产力和群落结构变化提供了依据。Biomarkers have been widely used to reconstruct phytoplankton productivity based on the assumption that biomarker contents could reflect phytoplankton productivity in the surface seawater.However,this hypothesis has not been validated with modern survey.In this study,the contents and ratios of three phytoplankton biomarkers in the surface seawater of the northern South China Sea in winter 2009 were analyzed,to indicate spatial distributions of phytoplankton biomass and community structure.The results show high values for diatoms,dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids near the Pearl River Estuary and Guangdong coastal areas.The community structure indicates diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton species in winter.High values of dinoflagellate/diatom ratio occur near the slope area owing to intrusion of the Kuroshio,which favors the growth of dinoflagellates.The coccolithophorid/diatom ratio displays an increasing trend from the Pearl River Estuary to offshore region due to the advantage of coccolithophorids in oligotrophic environment,which is opposite to the productivity pattern of all biomarkers.These results are consistent with previous studies using phytoplankton cell and pigments,which provides support for the use of biomarker to reconstruct phytoplankton productivity and community structure in the SCS.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB815934、2009CB421201);国家自然科学基金项目(40776029

Tat碱性结构域-Bcl-Xs融合蛋白与细胞短暂共培养可诱导细胞程序性死亡

艾滋病毒的 Tat蛋白碱性结构域的 1 3个氨基酸的多肽能自主穿越细胞膜并将与之融合表达的其他蛋白带入细胞 .为探讨融合表达的蛋白是否可保持原有的主要生物学功能 ,将 Bcl- Xs蛋白与 Tat碱性结构域在大肠杆菌中融合表达 ,重组蛋白 Tat- Bcl- Xs与 CHO、CNE、Hela和 772 1细胞共温育一段时间后 ,细胞均可见明显生长抑制 ,同时细胞变圆、变小、细胞核收缩 ,并有染色体凝聚、边缘化 ,或细胞核分裂为小核的现象 ,同时出现梯状 DNA,为较典型的细胞程序性死亡 ( PCD)表现 .同时发现放线菌素 D、雷公藤内脂醇与 Tat- Bcl- Xs在诱导细胞 PCD时存在交互作用 .提示Tat- Bcl- Xs蛋白可自主进入细胞内 ,并保持了 Bcl- Xs蛋白的 PCD诱导作用 ,初步证实了利用 Tat碱性结构域进行药物设计的可行性 ,同时也提示 Tat- Bcl- Xs蛋白可能可作为多种药物联合治疗中的一员而在抗肿瘤治疗中发挥作

Function of a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein Tlp1 in Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571

【目的】考察茎瘤固氮根瘤菌中趋化基因簇上游的受体蛋白Tlp1编码基因的突变表型,初步探究其功能机理。【方法】利用同源重组和三亲本接合转移的方法构建突变株,在TY培养基中测定生长情况,半固体平板法观察趋化圈,刚果红固体培养基观察胞外多糖和次生代谢产物的分泌,乙炔还原法测定菌株的固氮酶活性。【结果】与野生型菌株相比,tlp1突变株的生长速率没有影响。在以甘油为碳源的L3半固体平板上突变株的趋化圈变小,其回补菌株能部分回补趋化能力。突变株的胞外多糖分泌与野生型没有区别,但其次生代谢产物黑色素出现的时间比野生型稍早。在固氮酶活性测定中,发现突变株酶活性明显比野生型降低,回补菌株能够部分回补。【结论】茎..

Addition of alkynes and osmium carbynes towards functionalized dπ-pπ conjugated systems

碳-碳三键和碳-金属三键是两类高度不饱和的化学键。该工作发现了这两类三键之间的全新反应模式。利用该反应能把金属和有机π共轭体系有效结合，得到一类金属d轨道参与π共轭的全新大π共轭体系。化学化工学院夏海平教授课题组碳龙化学研究取得新进展，利用金属卡拜与炔烃的新反应，成功地合成了一类金属d轨道参与π共轭的全新共轭体系并在有机太阳能电池领域得到应用。该工作是在夏海平教授和南方科技大学何凤副教授共同指导下完成的。化学化工学院2016级iChEM博士生陈仕焰和南科大博士生刘龙珠为论文的共同第一作者。该工作充分体现了多学科协同创新研究优势：相关化合物合成、表征由陈仕焰、高翔、彭丽霞、张颖等完成；光电测试由刘龙珠完成；理论计算由陈仕焰、华煜晖完成。化学化工学院杨柳林副教授、谭元植教授等对研究工作给予了大力支持。【Abstract】The metal-carbon triple bonds and carbon-carbon triple bonds are both highly unsaturated bonds. As a result, their reactions tend to afford cycloaddition intermediates or products. Herein, we report a reaction of M≡C and C≡C bonds that affords acyclic addition products. These newly discovered reactions are highly efficient, regio- and stereospecific, with good functional group tolerance, and are robust under air at room temperature. The isotope labeling NMR experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the reaction mechanism. Employing these reactions, functionalized dπ-pπ conjugated systems can be easily constructed and modified. The resulting dπ-pπ conjugated systems were found to be good electron transport layer materials in organic solar cells, with power conversion efficiency up to 16.28% based on the PM6: Y6 non-fullerene system. This work provides a facile, efficient methodology for the preparation of dπ-pπ conjugated systems for use in functional materials.This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1705254, 21931002, and 21975115), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis (No. 2020B121201002), Shenzhen Nobel Prize Scientists Laboratory Project (no.C17783101), and the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902). We thank the SUSTech Core Research Facilities for the Holiba-UVISEL measurements. 研究工作得到了国家自然科学基金(U1705254、21931002、21975115)，广东省催化化学重点实验室(No. 2020B121201002)，国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0204902)，及深圳诺贝尔奖科学家实验室(C17783101)等项目资助

Room-temperature quantum interference in single perovskite quantum dot junctions

钙钛矿材料由于其高量子产率、载流子迁移率和独特的光致发光特性而在光电材料领域存在诸多潜在的重要应用。研究钙钛矿材料在纳米尺度下电荷输运的独特尺寸效应对钙钛矿光电器件的设计和开发具有重要的指导意义。洪文晶教授课题组基于机械可控裂结技术自主研发了具有皮米级位移调控灵敏度和飞安级电学测量精度的精密科学仪器，对南开大学李跃龙副教授团队合成的钙钛矿量子点进行了深入表征，研究工作成功将量子干涉的研究体系拓展至在光电领域具有重要应用的钙钛矿材料领域，为未来制备基于量子干涉效应的新型钙钛矿器件提供了一种全新的思路。 这一跨学科国际合作研究工作是在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、英国Lancaster 大学物理系Colin J. Lambert教授以及南开大学电子信息与光电工程学院李跃龙副教授的共同指导下完成的。化工系硕士研究生郑海宁、Lancaster University大学Songjun Hou博士、南开大学硕士研究生辛晨光为论文第一作者。博士后林禄春，博士研究生谭志冰、郑珏婷，硕士研究生蒋枫、张珑漪，本科生何文翔、李庆民等参与了论文的研究工作。刘俊扬特任副研究员、师佳副教授和萨本栋微纳米研究院杨扬副教授也参与了部分指导工作。The studies of quantum interference effects through bulk perovskite materials at the Ångstrom scale still remain as a major challenge. Herein, we provide the observation of roomtemperature quantum interference effects in metal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) using the mechanically controllable break junction technique. Single-QD conductance measurements reveal that there are multiple conductance peaks for the CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbBr2.15Cl0.85 QDs, whose displacement distributions match the lattice constant of QDs, suggesting that the gold electrodes slide through different lattice sites of the QD via Auhalogen coupling. We also observe a distinct conductance ‘jump’ at the end of the sliding process, which is further evidence that quantum interference effects dominate charge transport in these single-QD junctions. This conductance ‘jump’ is also confirmed by our theoretical calculations utilizing density functional theory combined with quantum transport theory. Our measurements and theory create a pathway to exploit quantum interference effects in quantum-controlled perovskite materials.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902, 2014DFE60170, 2018YFB1500105), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21673195, 21503179, 21490573, 61674084, 61874167), the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science & Technology (Nankai University) of China, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (63181321, 63191414, 96173224), and the 111 Project (B16027), the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (17JCYBJC41400), FET Open project 767187—QuIET, the EU project BAC-TO-FUEL and the UK EPSRC projects EP/N017188/1, EP/M014452/1. 该工作得到国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902）、国家自然科学基金（21673195、21503179、21490573）、厦门大学“人工智能分析引擎”双一流重大专项等项目的资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

第十八届美国理论与应用力学大会总结

1会议概况2018年6月5—9日,第18届美国理论与应用力学大会(18th U.S. National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, USNCTAM2018)在美国芝加哥召开.本次大会由美国力学国家委员会和中国力学学会联合主办,旨在探讨和交流近四年世界范围内在理论和应用力学领域的基础研究、创新技术的最新进展,吸引了来自世界各地的近千名专家学