超薄金属透明导电膜及其应用研究进展

透明导电薄膜被广泛地应用于显示、太阳能电池、发光二极管等光电子器件。近年来,随着信息技术和新材料的不断革新,柔性电子器件在显示、能源及可穿戴等领域得以迅速发展,这对透明导电薄膜的柔性化提出了新的挑战。相比于其他类型柔性透明导电薄膜,超薄金属导电薄膜具有柔性好、导电性好、光电性能均匀、稳定性好、成本低和可大规模制备等优点,有望成为替代ITO的理想材料。超薄金属薄膜的生长和其光电特性息息相关。与常规电介质衬底相比,金属普遍具有较大的表面能,因而金属薄膜在衬底表面通常按照岛状模式生长,阈值厚度高。对薄膜厚度低于阈值厚度的金属薄膜而言,在电学特性方面,纳米团簇形貌使电子在薄膜晶界和表面被过多散射,电子迁移率受到抑制,从而导致电阻率较高。而在光学特性方面,离散的纳米团簇也会引起局域表面等离子体共振,使超薄金属薄膜的透过率曲线在特定波长处明显下降。尽管进一步增加薄膜厚度可以降低电阻率,但厚度的增加会使透过率下降。因此,金属薄膜的超薄、低阈值厚度连续生长是同时获得良好的光学和电学特性的关键。已有的降低超薄金属薄膜阈值厚度的方法包括添加氧化物缓冲层和金属种子层、表面处理、掺杂及低温沉积等。其中添加氧化物的方法因可选择材料种类丰富、制备工艺简单可控等优点,成为制备超薄金属薄膜最普遍的方法;引入金属种子层和掺杂的方法可有效提高金属薄膜的润湿性,然而,其他金属的引入会带来薄膜光学损耗的问题;表面处理的方法对薄膜光学性能的影响较小,其利用聚合物分子层的官能团与金属原子间的键合作用抑制金属原子的扩散;对温度精确控制的要求较高和设备昂贵使低温沉积法的推广面临挑战。本文概述了超薄金属透明导电薄膜的最新研究进展,归纳总结了超薄金属薄膜的生长模式、电学特性和光学特性,重点介绍了降低超薄金属薄膜阈值厚度、实现薄膜连续化生长的多种方法及原理,分析了超薄金属薄膜在太阳能电池、OLEDs、长程表面等离子体激元波导以及Low-E涂层领域的应用情况。最后讨论了超薄金属透明导电膜未来的发展方向

新重丰中子同位素~（175）Er的合成和γ衰变

用１４ＭｅＶ中子轰击天然镜靶，通过１７６Ｙｂ（ｎ，２ｐ）１７５Ｅｒ反应，首次合成了新同位素１７５Ｅｒ．利用γ（Ｘ）谱学方法，对１７５Ｅｒ的活性进行了观测，发现了能量为７６．５，１２０．９，１２３．７，１２８．５，２２７．３，２３４．０，２８１．４，１１６７．５ｋｅＶ半衰期为１．２±０．３ｍｉｎ的八条新γ射线，并指定为１７５Ｅｒ的β－衰变．建立了１７５Ｅｒ的部分衰变纲图

重丰中子新同位素——~(238)Th

利用兰州重离子加速器（ＨＩＲＦＬ）提供的６０ＭｅＶ／ｕ的１８Ｏ离子束照射天然铀靶，通过多核子转移反应生成２３８Ｔｈ．用快速放射化学分离技术从铀及其反应产物的混合物中分离出Ｔｈ同位素．使用两台高纯锗（ＨＰＧｅ）探测器测量了样品的γ射线活性，观测到了２３８Ｔｈ的β－衰变子体２３８Ｐａ的γ射线的生长、衰变行为，测定２３８Ｔｈ的半衰期为９．４±２．０ｍｉｎ．A new nuclide 238 Th has been produced via multinucleon transfer reaction by 60 MeV/u 18 O ion irradiation of natural uranium. The produced thorium was radiochemically separated from the mixture of uranium and its reaction products. The activity of thorium was measured by using a HPGe detector and a planar HPGe detector. 238 Th has been identified for the first time by measuring the growth and decay of the γ rays from its daughter nucleus 238 Pa. The half life ...国家自然科学基金,中国科学院资

新重丰中子同位素~（239）Pa

用５０ＭｅＶ／ｕ１８Ｏ离子同天然铀靶反应产生了新重丰中子同位素２３９Ｐａ．用放射化学法从反应产物中分离Ｐａ活性，通过观测２３９Ｐａ及子体２３９Ｕ衰变所得到的结果显示：首次合成和鉴别了新重丰中子核素２３９Ｐａ，并测定出２３９Ｐａ的半衰期为１０６±３０ｍｉｎ．A new heavy neutron-rich isotope (239)Pa has been observed for the. first time in the interaction of 50MeV/u (18)O with (nat)U targets. Protactinium products were separated radiochemically from the complex mixture of the reaction products. The results observed from the decay of (239)Pa and its daughter (239)U show that a new heavy neutron-rich isotope (239)Pa was produced and identified. The measured half-life is 106±30 min.国家自然科学基金,中国科学院八·五重大项

新疆油田准噶尔盆地复杂地质条件深井、超深井钻井技术

该课题针对准噶尔盆地的地质条件，形成了“地层孔隙压力检测预测综合应用”等十多项实用技术及相关软件，包括提高预探井地层孔隙压力、破裂压力和坍塌压力的预测、检测精度；提高地应力分布规律及对井壁稳定影响的机理及对策；钻头合理选型及钻进配套工艺；深井陡构造高效防斜技术；深井复杂情况及事故的预测及处理技术；高温、高压、高密度钻井液性能稳定性技术；提高低压易漏长封固段固井、高温高压气井固井技术；高扭距涡轮节、长寿命轴承组可靠性分析。该项目提高了新疆油田准噶尔盆地复杂地质条件深井、超深井钻井技术水平，促进了准噶尔盆地腹部和南缘山前构造带的勘探步伐，提高了综合经济效益

新缺中子同位素~(235)Am的分离和鉴别

新缺中子同位素２３５Ａｍ的分离和鉴别杨维凡郭俊盛牟万统甘再国方克明石立军刘洪业郭天瑞沈水法袁双贵张学谦秦芝马瑞昌钟纪泉（中国科学院近代物理研究所）王书鸿孔登明乔际民（中国科学院高能物理研究所）关键词缺中子同位素反冲传输装置化学分离半衰期１９５２年美...国家自然科学基金,中国科学院的双重资

超铀区缺中子新同位素~（235）Am的合成与鉴别

用３５ＭｅＶ质子轰击同位素靶２３８Ｐｕ，通过２３８Ｐｕ（Ｐ，４ｎ）２３５Ａｍ反应，合成了新的缺中子同位素２３５Ａｍ．利用Ｈｅ－ｊｅｔ及毛细管传输技术收集反应产物，然后用放射化学法除去产物中的裂变碎片并分离出Ａｍ活性．根据观测到的２３５Ｐｕ的衰变Ｙ及ＮＰ的特征Ｘ射线的生长－衰变行为和Ｘ－Ｙ符合测量，肯定了２３５Ａｍ的首次合成，测得２３５Ａｍ的半衰期为１５±５ｍｉｎ．A new neutron-deficient isotope 235Am was synthesized in the reaction of 238Pu (p, 4n) 235Am by using 35MeV proton bombarding 235pu target. The Products were transported by the He-jet system. The Am was seperated from the reaction products using radiochemistry method. The y-ray of 23pu and X-ray of Np following EC decay of 235Am were observed. Based on the growth-decay cruve of X-ray of Np and the X-y coincidence measurements, the synthesis of 235Am was confirmed for the first time. The measured halflife of.国家自然科学基金，中国科学院资

新同位素235Am的产生与鉴别

一种缺中子新同位素２３５Ａｍ通过２３８Ｐｕ（ｐ，４ｎ）２３５Ａｍ反应而产生．产物借助Ｈｅ－ｊｅｔ系统的传输，快化学分离以及γ、Ｘ射线和γ－Ｘ（γ）符合测量等得到鉴别，测得其半衰期为１５±５ｍｉｎ

新丰中子同位素:~(186)Hf

在兰州重离子加速器（ＦＤＵＬ）上，用６０ＭｅＶ／μ１８Ｏ离子轰击厚天然钨靶，通过多核子转移反应产生１８６Ｈｆ。使用放射化学分离技术从钨和反应产物混和物中分离出铪，并由ＨＰＧｅ探测器测量铪样品的活性．观测到了１８６Ｈｆ的子体１８６Ｔａ的７３７，５ｋｅＶＹ射线的增长、衰变行为，结果表明，本实验首次合成并鉴别了新丰中子同位素１８６Ｈｆ，测得它的半衰期为（２．６±１．２）ｍｉｎ。The radioactive nuclide 186Hf has been produced via multinucleon transfer reaction by 60 MeV / u 18 O ion irradiation of the natural tungsten. The radiochemical separation was performed to isolate the hafnium from tungsten and the complex mixture of the reaction products. The activity of the hafnium was measured using a HPGe detector The new neutron-rich isotope 186Hf has been identified for the first time by measuring the growth and decay of the 737.5keV - ray from its daughter 186Ta. The half-life of186H...国家自然科学基金,中国科学院资

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel