Research on the Movement of Natural Persons and the Implication of China's Labor Exports

中国的劳动力资源既丰富又廉价，具有较强的比较优势，因此中国应该成为一个劳务输出大国。然而事实并非如此，目前全球约有1.4亿人在国外工作，而中国境外就业人口总量还不足国际市场份额的1％，不仅落后于发达国家，而且落后于菲律宾、巴基斯坦、印度等发展中国家。目前，经济全球化不断发展，自然人也开始像货物和资本一样在全球范围内流动，且其规模不断扩大，成为增加服务贸易的新动向。在这样的国际环境中，中国劳务输出为什么没有成为一个支柱产业呢？其外部原因为：国际上对于自然人流动所造成的影响仍存在很大争议，导致很多国家采取各种措施限制自然人自由流动，影响了自然人流动的自由化进程；其内部原因为：中国本身对劳务输出没有...China’s labor is very rich and cheap, which is our strong comparative advantage. So China should become a large country exporting labor. However, compared with 140 million people working overseas all over the world, the amount of Chinese workers overseas only accounts for 1% of the total, which is not only smaller than developed countries, but also some developing countries such as Philippines, Pa...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院国际贸易系_国际贸易学学号：20031301

俄罗斯激进式经济改革道路选择的依据

俄罗斯经济转型时之所以选择了激进的改革道路,是一系列因素的综合结果。激进式经济改革的特点和俄罗斯当时的状况是改革道路选择的主要依据

中国出口退税政策的出路——非中性出口退税政策——以2004年新出口退税政策进行实证分析

出口退税政策的非中性原则的经济杠杆作用 ;对 2 0 0 4年新的出口退税政策的分析 ;以非中性原则为依据制定出口退税政策更有利于中国的发展

中美服务业结构演变比较及其经验启示

二战以后,美国服务业的发展和结构演变显示:(1)服务业在经济结构中的比重越来越大,超过八成;(2)以消费性和分配性服务业为主的传统服务业长期占据着重要的位置;(3)生产性服务业的快速增长主要体现为增加值比重的提升,但对就业的贡献较小,导致服务业对新增劳动力的就业吸纳能力有限。尽管由于所处经济发展阶段的差异,中美两国的服务业发展水平有一定差距,但在服务业内部结构方面,两国却存在一定程度的相似性。本文认为,美国服务业过去六十多年来发展历程的经验启示主要有:(1)随着我国居民收入水平的提高,服务业增加值和就业比重将继续稳步提升,这是不可逆转的趋势,是经济发展的必然结果;(2)生产性服务业将是中国服务业内部结构演进的重点方向,但发展生产性服务业不应一味求快,需要防范快速增长带来的就业风险;(3)即使在发达经济体,传统的批发零售业、住宿餐饮业依旧可以在服务业中占据着重要位置,其关键在于要如何利用现代科技来改造传统服务业、提升传统服务业的生产效率。北京工商大学首都流通业研究基地开放课题“京津冀‘互联网+’物流产业一体化发展研究”(No.JD-KFKT-201608)福建省社科规划一般项目“新时代财政支出对居民消费增长作用的再研究”(No.FJ2019B020

Identification of Polygonatum from Wuyishan and Its Surrounding Areas by ISSR Molecular Markers and Their HPLC Fingerprints

采用ISSR分子标记鉴定方法及HPLC色谱方法对武夷山及周边地区5份黄精植物样本进行DNA分子标记鉴定及指纹图谱分析,并通过聚类分析软件分别探讨其遗传相关聚类图谱。ISSR分子标记法能较好地对5份黄精植物样本进行区分,HPLC指纹图谱分析同样表明5份黄精样本化学成分存在一定的差别。DNA分子标记及HPLC指纹图谱分析的遗传相关聚类分析结果相似,表明武夷山及周边地区的野生黄精种质资源存在明显的差别。The purpose of this project was to identify and analyze the genetic relationships of 5 kinds of Polygonatum in Wuyishan and its surrounding areas. Using ISSR marker and HPLC molecular identification method for chromatographic methods analysis of DNA markers for identification and fingerprinting of 5 Polygonatum samples, the genetic correlation map of Polygonatum was studied by cluster analysis software. ISSR molecular marker method could be used to distinguish Polygonatum of Wuyishan and its surrounding areas. HPLC fingerprint analysis also showed that there were some differences in the composition of Wuyishan and its surrounding distribution. The results of genetic correlation cluster analysis were similar by ISSR and HPLC. There were obvious differences in the germplasm resources of Wuyishan and its surrounding areas from the DNA molecular markers and HPLC fingerprinting analysis results.福建省科技厅自然科学基金重点项目（2013Y0018）;福建省科技厅自然科学基金青年项目（2015J01065

Detection of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Vibrio alginolyticus disease of Larimichthys croceatissues and its significance

本文应用免疫组织化学方法,对健康大黄鱼和患溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MACrOPHAgE MIgrATIOn InHIbITOry fACTOr,MIf)蛋白进行了检测,以研究溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼组织中MIf的表达情况及其对预后的影响。结果表明,MIf在健康大黄鱼头肾、脾、肠各组织中均无表达;MIf在溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼各组织中高表达,表达强度从弱到强依次是肠、脾、头肾,MIf表达阳性率分别为:56%、64%、92%。推测MIf在大黄鱼溶藻弧菌病发病中发挥重要作用。To investigate the expression and prognostic value of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)in Vibrio alginolyticus disease of Larimichthys croceatissues.MIF expression was detected by immunohistoehemistry in spleen,intense and head kidney specimens of pathologically identified and healthy L.croceatissues.All negative controls showed no reactivity,MIF staining was intense in V.alginolyticus disease of L.croceatissues.The spleen,intense and head kidney specimens showed high reactivity in an upward trend.The MIF staining rate of the spleen,intense and head kidney were 56%,64%and 92%.The high MIF expression in the disease tissues indicate that MIF plays an important role in the homeostatic process of V.alginolyticus challenged with L.crocea.福建省自然科学基金(2013J01140); 国家自然科学基金(40976096

刺苋的化学成分研究

目的研究刺苋Amaranthus spinosus的化学成分。方法采用大孔树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、ODS柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,利用波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到了16个化合物,分别鉴定为香草醛(1)、丁香醛(2)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(3)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(4)、对羟基苯甲醛(5)、2-羟基苯并噻唑(6)、丁香脂素(7)、hydroxydihydrobovolide(8)、黑麦草内酯(9)、蚱蜢酮(10)、棕榈酸甘油酯(11)、反式阿魏酸酰对羟基苯乙胺(12)、菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯苷(14)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(15)、芦丁(16)。结论化合物1～12、14、15均为首次从该植物中分离得到

Ontogeny of immune organs during early development stage of Pseudosciaena crocea

应用显微与超微技术研究了大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)初孵仔鱼至60日龄幼鱼免疫器官——头肾、胸腺与脾脏的发育.结果表明,免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺.3日龄仔鱼出现头肾原基,原始造血干细胞最早被发现于头肾,很快分化成不同类型的细胞.4日龄仔鱼出现脾脏原基和胸腺原基.脾脏靠近内脏,含大量窦状隙,有丰富的毛细血管、血细胞与血小板.胸腺是最迟出现的淋巴器官,但发育较快.胸腺位于鳃腔背上角,主要由胸腺细胞(淋巴细胞)和上皮细胞组成,分为外区和内区,二者虽没有明显界限,但容易区分.免疫器官出现小淋巴细胞顺序是胸腺、头肾和脾脏;淋巴组织的发育相对滞后.在大黄鱼仔鱼早期发育阶段,非特异性免疫系统起着重要作用.A histological and ultrastructural study was made for the development of the head kidney,thymus and spleen in the P.crocea,prepared from hatching to the 60 day after hatching(DAH).Head kidney was the first present on the 3rd DAH.Primordial haemopoietic stem cells were first observed in the head kidney and rapidly differentiate into different cellular types.Progenitor spleen was present on the 4th DAH,located close to the gut,soon becoming rich in blood capillaries,red blood cells and thrombocytes.The thymus presented obviously on the 4th DAH,located on either side of the upper corner of the opercular cavity,closely under the membrance of the opercuhr cavity.The thymus was the last lymphoid organ appearing but showed a quickly development.This organ seemed to be originated from haemopoietic stem cells migrating from the head region of the kidney.The thymus consisted of outer thymocytic and inner epithelioid zones.There was no obvious demarcation between them,but both zones were visible.Small lymphocytes appeared or Lymphoid organs become lymphoid in the sequence thymus,head kidney and spleen.A small number of lymphocytes appeared only in the later stages.Non-specific systems may play an important role in the immunocompetence mechanisms of the P.crocea during early development stage.国家863计划(2002AA603021,2004AA001180,2004AA623010)资助项

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘不同生境下的梭梭和柽柳生理生态特性

以在新疆准噶尔盆地南缘自然荒漠区、自然人工交错带、人工种植区等3种不同生境类型下的梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bge)和柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima Ldb)为研究对象,测定植物叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)3种保护酶活性,研究不同生境下梭梭和柽柳的生理生态特性,为准噶尔盆地南缘植被的恢复与重建提供理论依据。结果表明,自然荒漠区和人工种植区的柽柳和梭梭丙二醛含量较多,保护酶活性较高。而自然人工交错带上的植株相对于上述2种样地,丙二醛含量和保护酶活性都较低。结合野外调查和数据分析表明梭梭比柽柳具有更强的耐旱性

Detecting macrophage migration inhibitory factor in tissues of Larimichthys crocea with Cryptocaryon irritans disease

由刺激隐核虫(CryPTOCAryOn IrrITAnS)感染引发的“白点病“为大黄鱼(lArIMICHTHyS CrOCEA)养殖业带来重大损失,但仍未找到安全、有效的治疗方法。本研究应用免疫组织化学方法,对健康大黄鱼和患刺激隐核虫病大黄鱼肠、脾、头肾与肝组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MACrOPHAgE MIgrATIOn InHIbITOry fACTOr,MIf)蛋白进行检测,研究刺激隐核虫病大黄鱼组织中MIf的表达情况及其对预后的影响。结果表明,MIf在健康大黄鱼肠、脾、头肾、肝各组织中均无表达;MIf在刺激隐核虫病大黄鱼各组织中高表达,表达强度从弱到强依次是肠、肝、脾、头肾,MIf表达阳性率分别为54%、80%、86%、90%。推测MIf在大黄鱼刺激隐核虫病发病过程中发挥作用。Cryptocaryon irritans is a holotrichous marine ciliate protozoan that causes "white spot disease", which is one of the most devastating parasites of Larimichthys crocea in Fujian Province.No safe drug strategy has been identified to prevent and cure "white spot disease".To investigate the expression and prognostic value of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) in C.irritans diseased L.crocea tissues, MIF expression was detected by immunohistochemistry of intestine, spleen, head kidney, and liver specimens of pathologically identified and healthy L.crocea tissues.None of the negative controls reacted, but MIF staining was intense in all L.crocea tissues infected with C.irritans disease.The MIF staining rates for the intestines, liver, spleen, and head kidney were 54%, 80%, 86% and 90%, respectively.The high MIF expression levels in diseased tissues indicate that MIF plays an important role in homeostasis of C.irritans infected with L.crocea.福建省自然科学基金项目(2013J01140); 2014年福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室科技项目(ZK2014004); 2015年集美大学福建省大学生创新项目(201510390074); 福建省研究生教育教学改革研究项目(闽教高[2015]11号;集大研[2015]19号); 厦门南方海洋研究中心科技项目; 海洋经济发展区域示范项目(14PYY050SF03;14PYY050SF03