Environmental Behavior and Risk Assessment of Orga

本论文通过对河口流域农业区有机农药污染物的研究，系统探讨了多介质环境中有机农药的环境化学行为，并对其污染风险与影响进行了初步的评价。选定的研究区域包括五小川流域（九龙江的小支流之一）、九龙江口，研究对象为有机磷农药与有机氯农药，分别在2000年7、9、11月对五小川流域进行常规采样，2000年12月对之进行降雨跟踪采样。2000年12月对九龙江口进行一个航次的调查。主要内容如下： 一．较为系统地优化了多介质体系中有机磷和有机氯农药的分析方法，建立了简便、可行的水体、土壤、沉积物以及植物样品中17种有机磷和18种有机氯农药的测定方法，其检测限明显优于同类的文献报道，回收率和标准偏差符合US...This dissertation focused on the organic pesticides’ environmental behavior and its effects in the estuarine agricultural watershed. We chose the Wuchuan watershed (WCW, one little branch of Jiulong River watershed, did sampling in July, Sep., Nov.,2000 and runoff sampling in Dec.,2000) and Jiulong River Estuary(JLRE, one cruise in Dec.,2000) as our study areas. And the organic pesticides focused ...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：B19983400

Preliminary study on persistent organic pollutants (POPs)——PCBs in multi-phase matrices in Minjiang River Estuary

对闽江口水、间隙水与沉积物中的 2 1种多氯联苯的进行调查研究 ,结果表明 ,闽江口水中多氯联苯的含量范围是0 2 0— 2 4 7μg L ,间隙水中的含量为 3 19— 10 86 μg L ,沉积物 (干重 ) :15 13— 5 7 93μg kg ;与其他河口、海域相比 ,闽江口的多氯联苯污染水平相对较为严重 ;间隙水的污染物浓度普遍要比其上覆水的浓度要高 ,而沉积物中的浓度比间隙水、表层水要高 .水体中的多氯联苯主要部分为含 3— 6氯多氯联苯 ,多氯联苯的主要组分间的正相关性表明其具有相似、稳定的来源特征并且在环境中行为相关 ;对该河口的污染水平进行了初步的评价 ,其水质多氯联苯超过USEPA的标准 ,沉积物方面也部分超过参考评价标准The contents of 21 PCBs in water, porewater and surface sediments from Minjiang River Estuary were analyzed by GC ECD, and confirmed by GC MSD. The range of PCBs was 0 204—2 47?μg/L at water, 3 19—10 85?μg/L at porewater, and 15 13—57 93?μg/kg at sediments. Compared with the results of other estuaries and gulfs, it showed that the pollution of PCBs was some seriouis. The concentration difference in surface water, middle water, bottom water, porewater and sediments, due to the higher affinity of these hydrophobic compound for sedimentary phase than to water and a potential flux of pollutants from sediments to overlying water. The three to six chlorine PCBs were predominate in all water, poerwater and sediment samples. At the same time, it was found that the positive relationsip among the PCBs congeners (PCB52, PCB28 and PCB101) , which indicated that the pollulants came from a same and stable source, and the behaviors of the pollutants were related.海洋环境科学教育部重点实验室开放基金;; 教育部 1998年重点基金联合资

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DISSOLVED AND COLLOIDAL ORGANIC CARBON IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER ESTUARY

This paper reports data on the dissolved and colloidal organic carbon in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary. DOC concentration was 142 to 239 μmol/L in the freshwater taken in March 1997 from the four Zhujiang River tributaries flowing into the Lingdingyang estuary. High concentration was observed in the Humen tributary located near Guangzhou. The rapidly increased DOC concentration at low salinities (～5) may be attributed to the exchange between macroparticulate and dissolved organic matter during the earl...ThisworkwassupportedbyEuropeanCommissionundercontractCI1 -CT94 -0 1 3

台湾海峡悬浮颗粒中的甲藻指示物──甾醇(4α,23,24-trimethyl-5α-cholest-22-en-3β-ol)

检出台湾海峡两个季节的表层水悬浮颗粒样品中的甾醇4α，23，24-TrIMETHyl-5α-CHOlEST-22-En-3α-Ol，该组分被认为可用来指示甲藻.分析结果表明：表层海水悬浮颗粒中该组分含量出现两次最大值，其规律与甲藻的昼夜垂直移动规律相一致；该组分在台湾海峡夏季含量比冬季要高，但仍明显低于同期的厦门附近海域的含量，这种季节变化及海域差别与所报道的甲藻的情况基本一致.国家教委、福建省科委重点科研和国家教委海洋生态环境开放研究实验室资

Determination of Estrogenic Compounds in Water of Jiulong River Using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler

极性有机物一体化采样器(POCIS)作为富集水体中有机物的新型采样技术,可以反映目标物在被测水体中的时间权重浓度,因此在环境监测中是对主动采样方式的重要补充.本研究采用POCIS进行了4种固醇类雌激素化合物(雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇及雌炔醇)的富集动力学,以及温度和目标物浓度对POCIS富集雌激素影响的实验室模拟研究.结果表明,POCIS对目标化合物的富集放置时间7 d内呈现显著的线性关系(r2≥0.988 1,P12%),随着温度的升高,目标化合物在POCIS上的采样速率减小.而目标物浓度对POCIS富集没有显著的影响(rSd 12%).As for different concentrations of target compounds,the sampling rate was not affected by the concentrations( RSD < 5%).After laboratory experiments,an environmental field study was performed in Jiulong River.The results showed that there was a relatively good correlation between the measured and calculated values( r2= 0.720 9,P < 0.001).It demonstrated that POCIS can be used in aquatic field systems.近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室访问学者基金项目; 海洋公益性行业科研专项(201105013

Environmental Behavior and Risk Assessment of Organic Phosphorus Pesticides at Water from Jiulong River Estuary

利用SPE GC FPD测定了九龙江口水体中 1 7种有机磷农药的浓度 ,总有机磷农药 (1 7种 )的含量范围是1 3 4 8～ 3 5 4 6ng/L ,平均 2 2 7 2ng/L .对其各组分的含量与行为特征进行分析表明 ,5种有机磷农药 (甲胺磷、敌敌畏、马拉硫磷、氧乐果、乐果 )在各站位均占主要部分 ,其行为受复杂的来源输入及河口的水动力影响 .对九龙江口水体中的有机磷农药的含量与其他地区进行比较 ,评价了该河口水体中有机磷农药的污染水平及风险概率Organic phosphorus pesticides (OPPs) were determined by SPE-GC-FPD. The contents of the total seventeen OPPs ranged from 134.8ng/L to 354.6ng/L (the mean was 227.2ng/L) at water in Jiulong River Estuary (JLRE). The distribution and behavior characteristics of OPPs indicated that five main OPPs (Methamidophos, Dichlorvos, Malathion, Omethoate, Dimethoate) were predominant of the total OPPs, which were affected by the complicated hydrological kinetics. When compared with other areas, the OPPs concentration level in JLRE was some moderate. But the risk evaluation of OPPs in JLRE indicated that some kinds of OPPs (Methamidophos, Dichlorvos, Omethoate) had threat to the ecological environment and human health.海洋环境科学教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(MEL0 10 4);; 中国博士后科学基金项目 ( 2 0 0 2 466

闽江口水、间隙水和沉积物中有机氯农药的含量

[摘要]：利用GC2ECD 和GC2MSD 对1999 年11 月闽江口水、间隙水和沉积物中的有机氯农药进行了研究. 结果显 示,闽江口水中有机氯农药的含量范围是01532～1182μg/ L ,间隙水中有机氯农药的含量为4154～1317μg/ L ,沉 积物(干重,以下讨论到的沉积物,无特别说明都是干重表示) :28179～52107μg/ kg ;与其他河口如珠江口、九龙江 口相比,闽江口的污染水平居中. 间隙水的污染物浓度普遍高于其上覆水的浓度,而沉积物中的浓度大于间隙水、 表层水,是由于有机污染物在水体中倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒,并且通过再悬浮从底层向上迁移. 对水体中有机 氯农药各组分的含量及特征进行了分析,发现有机氯农药的主成分为:β2HCH ,DDE ,Heptachlor (七氯) ,Endosulfan Ⅱ(硫丹) ,Methoxychlor (甲氧滴涕) . DDE、β2HCH、Endosulfan Ⅱ分别占DDTs、HCHs 和硫丹的主要部分;有机氯 农药各组分间有正相关性,表明其河口有机氯农药陆源的土壤输入与相似的环境行为;对该河口的污染水平进行 了初步的评价,HCHs 符合国家海水水质一级标准,DDTs 则超过该标准.[Abstract]:The concentrations of 18 organochlorine pesticedes in water , pore water and surface sediment from Minjiang River Estuary were analyzed by GC2ECD , and confirmed by GC2MSD. The range of organochlorine pesticides was 01532～1182μg/ L at water , 4154～1317μg/ L at pore water , and 28179～52107μg/ kg at sediment . Compared with the results of other estuaries and gulfs (Pearl River Estuary , Jiulong River Estuary and so on) , it showed that the pollu2 tion of organochlorines in Minjiang was some moderate. The concentration difference in surface water , middle water , bottom water , pore water and sediment , due to the higher affinity of these hydrophobic compound for sedimentary phase than to water and a potential flux of pollutants from sediment to overlying water. The predominance ofβ2HCH ,DDE , Heptachlor , Endosulfan Ⅱand Methoxychlor in all water , pore water and sediment were clearly observed. On average , DDE、β2HCH、Endosulfan Ⅱoccupied the most part of total DDTs , HCHs and Endosulfans respectively , indicated the fate of these parent compounds or congeners. At the same time , it was found that thepositive relationship among the in2 dividual organochlorine components (HCHs , DDTs and Endosulfans) , which indicated that the similar of the source and behavior for organochlorine pesticides.海洋环境科学教育部重点实验室开放基金与教育 部重点基金联合资

The trends and characteristics of organochlorines pollution in surface sediments of Xiamen Western Bay

利用GC ECD对厦门西港 1 998年 7月取得的 8个站位表层沉积物中的 1 8种有机氯农药 (HCHs,DDTs)等和 1 2种多氯联苯 (PCBs)进行分析 .其中有机氯农药的浓度范围ND(未检测出 )— 0 58ng/g(其中HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为ND—0 1 4ng/g与ND— 0 0 6ng/g) ,多氯联苯的浓度为ND— 0 32ng/g ,与 1 986、1 993年的厦门西港的分析结果相比较 ,污染程度明显降低 ;说明近年来的厦门的有机污染得到逐步控制 ,也与有机物随时间推移逐渐详解有关 ,分析表明多氯联苯和有机氯农药在厦门西港有着相似的分布特征 .The contents of 18 organochlorine pesticedes and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in suface sediments from Xiamen Western Bay were analyzed by GC\|ECD. The range of organochlorine pesticides was ND—0 58?ng/g,and the PCBs were ND—0 32?ng/g.Compared with the results of Xiamen Harbor in 1986 and 1993, it showed that the pollution of organochlorines decreased gradually along the time, in Xiamen Harbor became and the contamination was more slightly than that of other Harbors or Estuaries. At the same time, it was found that the geological distributions of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, also the HCHs and DDTs were similar to each other, which indicated that the polltion was cansed by a same source

Evaluation and Fate of the Organic Chlorine Pesticides at the Waters in Jiulong River Estuary

1999 0 6,对九龙江口 1 5个站位的表层水 ,1 3个站位的间隙水进行了 1 8种有机氯农药的测定结果表明 ,有机氯农药总含量在表层水中的浓度范围为 51 3～ 2 4 79ng L ;在间隙水中的浓度范围是 2 66～ 33355ng L .对不同有机氯的含量在各站位的分布特征进行了探讨 ,发现Methoxychlor(甲氧滴涕 ) ,EndosulfanSulfate(硫酸硫丹 ) ,Endrinaldehyde(乙醛异狄氏剂 )以及EndosulfanII(硫丹 ) ,Dieldrin(狄氏剂 ) ,Deta HCH和Beta HCH 7种有机氯农药在 1 8种有机氯农药中都占主要部分 ;九龙江口的六六六的含量顺序 :β >δ α >γ ;对于滴滴涕 ,表层水中的含量 :DDE DDD >DDT ;间隙水中的含量 :DDE DDT >DDD ,二者DDE的含量都在总DDTs的 50 %以上 ,说明环境中的DDTs主要降解为DDE ;九龙江口有机氯农药随着盐度梯度 ,在河口中呈去除趋势 ;且间隙水中有机氯农药比表层水中的浓度高 ,说明其倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒上 ,其浓度差使得有机污染物可能通过再悬浮等过程从底层向上层迁移 .九龙江口的有机氯农药污染与其他港湾相比 ,污染水平相当 ,部分站位水质有机氯农药 (HCHs和DDTs)超过国家一类水质的标准 .Organochlorine Pesticides at the water(surface water and porewater) in Jiulong River Estuary were determined. The range of organochlorine pesticides at surface water was 51.3～2479ng/L, and the concentration in porewater was 266～33355ng/L. The results showed that the organochlorine pesticides were removed in the estuary and the sediments were the reservior of the organochlorine pesticides. Compared with the results of other harbor and estuaries , it showed that the contamination for organic chlorine pollutants in Jiulong River Estuary was similar to those of others. At the same time,the risk of organochlorine pesticides in the estuary was evaluated.1998年教育部重点项目、基金委资助留学人员短期回国工作讲学专项基金!项目联合资助 (4 9910 76 0 74

Study on organochlorine pesticide and PCBs at surface water in Xiamen Harbour

利用GC -ECD对厦门西港 1998年 7月取得的 9个站位表层水体中的 18种有机氯农药 (HCHs ,DDTs等 )和 12种多氯联苯 (PCBs)进行分析。其中有机氯农药的浓度范围 6 .6 0～ 32 .6ng/L(其中HCHs:3.5 1～ 2 7.8ng/L ,均值 8.5 7ng/L ;DDTs:0 .95～ 2 .2 5ng/L ,均值 1.45ng/L) ,多氯联苯的浓度为 0 .0 8～ 1.6 9ng/L ,同国内外其他港口海区相比较 ,其污染程度相对较低。同时 ,对有机氯污染的分析表明 ,发现近年来仍有有机氯的污染输入 ,其农药的使用主要集中在六六六和滴滴涕上 ;多氯联苯和有机氯农药在厦门西港有着相似的分布及来源特征。organochlorine pesticides and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) at the sruface water in Xiamen Harbour were determined. The range of organochlorine pesticides was 6.60～32.60 ng/L, and the PCBs concentrations were 0.08～1.69 ng/L. Compared with the results of other harbor and estuaries, it showed that the contamination for organic chlorine pollutants was more slight than those of others. At the same time, it was found that organochlorine pesticides and PCBs have the similar geological destribution and resources.福建省自然科学基金!项目 (D9810 0 0 3