自动机床操作工技能培训心理模拟教学研究

本研究采用心理模拟教学方法对手表自动机床操作工进行了技能培训实验,结果表明:(1)心智技能是制约培训效率的关键要素,应当列为技工培训的重点;(2)本研究创拟的M—AMS模式是技工诊断人机系统加工活动的一种优化智力活动模式;(3)M8601型心理—教学模拟器是培训手表零件加工、精密仪器加工行业操作工技术能力的有效教学仪器;(4)心理模拟教学方法是培训自动化一半自动化系统操作工复杂技能,从而加速整体技术能力形成的有效方法之一

Preparation and electrochemical performance of 3D net structure silicon film anode in lithium-ion batteries

采用磁控溅射方法,以泡沫镍为导电基底,制备锂离子电池三维网状结构硅薄膜负极材料,并研究其电化学性能.结果显示,当硅薄膜的厚度为200 nM时,三维网状结构硅薄膜负极材料表现出良好的循环性能和倍率性能,以800 MA/g的电流充放电时,首次放电容量高达4060MAH/g,循环300周后容量保持在1704 MAH/g;充放电电流为4200 MA/g(1 C)时,首次放电容量为2940 MAH/g,循环300周后容量为1472 MAH/g;当充放电电流增大到21 A/g(5 C)时,放电容量仍高达1294 MAH/g.增加硅薄膜的厚度到600 nM,虽然其循环性能有所下降,但仍然保持优良的倍率性能.与平板硅薄膜材料相比,三维网状结构硅薄膜材料有效地缓解了硅在充放电过程中的体积变化,从而具有优异的电化学性能.The 3D net structure silicon film anodes were prepared by magnetron sputtering method on a foam nickel substrate.Excellent electrochemical performances of these 3D net structure silicon film anodes are demonstrated.When the thickness of silicon film is 200nm, the discharge capacity is 4060 mAh/g in the first cycle, and it retains 1704 mAh/g after 300 cycles at a charge/discharge current of800 mA/g.Even the current is increased to 4200 mA/g(1 C), the discharge capacity is still as high as 2940 mAh/g in the first cycle, and retains 1472 mAh/g after 300 cycles.When the thickness of silicon film is increased from 200 to 600 nm, the cycle performances of this 3D net structure silicon film anode decline in a certain degree, while it still maintains a better cycleability and rate capability than the panel silicon film with the same thickness.The improved electrochemical performances are attributed to that the 3D net structure can obviously restrain the volume change of silicon material during the insertion/extraction processes of lithium ion.国家自然科学基金委员会创新研究群体科学基金(21021002); 国家高技术研究发展计划(2011AA11A254); 中央高校基本科研业务费(2012121035)资

锂氧电池双功能还原石墨烯-LaFeO复合纳米催化剂的制备及性能

制备具有氧还原（ORR）与氧释放（OER）双功能催化活性的特殊孔道结构电催化剂是锂氧电池研究的挑战之一。本文以氧化石墨烯、硝酸铁、硝酸镧、柠檬酸为原料,结合溶胶凝胶和水热合成方法,制备出还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）与铁酸镧（LaFeO）复合的双功能催化剂（RGO-LaFeO）。X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和Raman光谱分析结果确认该复合催化剂由纯相钙钛矿结构LaFeO和还原氧化石墨烯组成,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察到LaFeO纳米颗粒均匀地负载在RGO片层表面。锂氧电池测试结果指出,相对于LaFeO纳米粒子（NP-LaFeO）,RGO-LaFeO催化剂具有更好的ORR和OER催化活性,归因于RGO特殊的三维导电多孔结构与LaFeO纳米粒子的协同催化作用。以RGO-LaFeO作为阴极催化剂的锂氧电池在限1000 m Ah?g比容量、100 m A?g电流密度条件下,可实现36周稳定的充放电循环,展示出良好的应用前景。国家自然科学基金(21621091)；国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0100202)资助项目~~

Reduced Graphene Oxide-LaFeO3 Composite Nanomaterials as Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

制备具有氧还原(ORR)与氧释放(OER)双功能催化活性的特殊孔道结构电催化剂是锂氧电池研究的挑战之一。本文以氧化石墨烯、硝酸铁、硝酸镧、柠檬酸; 为原料,结合溶胶凝胶和水热合成方法,制备出还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)与铁酸镧(LaFeO_3)复合的双功能催化剂(RGO-LaFeO_3)。X射线; 衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和Raman光谱分析结果确认该复合催化剂由纯相钙钛矿结构LaFe03和还原氧化石墨烯组成,扫描电子; 显微镜(SEM)观察到LaFe03纳米颗粒均匀地负载在RGO片层表面。锂氧电池测试结果指出,相对于LaFe03纳米粒子(NP-LaFeO_3),; RGO-LaFeO_3催化剂具有更好的ORR和OER催化活性,归因于RGO特殊的三维导电多孔结构与LaFeO_3纳米粒子的协同催化作用。以RGO; -LaFeO_3作为阴极催化剂的锂氧电池在限1000 mAh·g~(-1)比容量、100; mA·g~(-1)电流密度条件下,可实现36周稳定的充放电循环,展示出良好的应用前景。Development of electrocatalysts is one of the challenges in the development of the lithium-oxygen battery, especially the synthesis of catalysts with special pore structures and excellent bifunctional catalytic performance for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this article, a reduced graphene oxide-LaFeO3 (RGO-LaFeO3) nanocomposite electrocatalyst was synthesized by combining sol-gel and hydrothermal methods and using graphene oxide, lanthanum nitrate, ferric nitrate, and citric acid as raw materials. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results confirmed that the RGO-LaFeO3 was composed of pure phase LaFeO3 with a perovskite structure and RGO and that the LaFeO3 nanoparticles were loaded uniformly on the RGO layer surface. In comparison with a LaFeO3 nanoparticle (NP-LaFeO3) catalyst, RGO-LaFeO3 exhibited superior activity for both the ORR and the OER when it served as the cathode of a lithium-oxygen battery. The higher catalytic activity of the RGO-LaFeO3 is attributed to the synergistic effect of the special three-dimensional electronic conductive structure of RGO and the intrinsic catalytic property of LaFeO3. It was shown that the lithium-oxygen battery with the RGO-LaFeO3 cathode can be cycled stably up to 36 reversible cycles under conditions of a limit discharge depth of 1000 mAh.g(-1) and a 100 mAg(-1) current density for charge-discharge. The study illustrates that the RGO-LaFeO3 bifunctional electrocatalyst is a promising candidate for the cathode in lithium-oxygen batteries.National Natural Science Foundation of China [21621091]; National Key; Research and Development Program of China [2016YFB0100202

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Novel Expanded Graphite Oxide/Sulfur Composite Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

以棒状石墨为原料,采用改良的HuMMErS法与热处理制备得到膨胀氧化石墨(E-gO),利用在酸性水溶液中归中化学反应的方法合成纳米尺寸的硫颗粒,使其嵌入到膨胀氧化石墨的内部,制备了膨胀氧化石墨-硫复合材料。采用红外光谱,X-射线光电子能谱表征了膨胀氧化石墨表面官能团的存在和种类;X-射线衍射分析结果表明生成的硫属于斜方晶结构;扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜分析证明了材料中硫的均匀分布。恒电流充放电结果表明该复合正极材料的首次放电容量为1 020 MAH.g-1,100周循环之后其容量还保持在650 MAH.g-1左右;材料的倍率性能和库伦效率优异,这可能得益于小尺寸的硫在材料中均匀分布,以及表面官能团对硫的固定化作用。The expanded graphite oxides were prepared by modified Hummers method.The expanded graphite oxide/sulfur(E-GO/S) composites have been successfully prepared by a new chemical reaction method based on comproportionation in the acidic aqueous solution.FT-IR,XPS were characterized the existence of functional groups on the surface of expanded graphite oxide.XRD results showed that the as-prepared sulfur belongs to orthorhombic system.SEM and TEM results indicated the uniform distribution of the sulfur in the composite.The electrochemical test showed that the expanded graphite oxide/sulfur(E-GO/S) composites can deliver the highest discharge capacity of 1 020 mAh.g-1 at the first cycle,after 100 cycles of charge-discharge,the discharge capacity of the composites keep the capacity of ca.650 mAh.g-1,and have the excellent rate performance and coulombic efficiency that may be attributed to the homogeneous distribution of sulfur in the composites and the chemical approach to fix sulfur and the lithium polysulfides via the chemical bonds with the functional groups on the surface of expanded graphite oxide.国家“973”计划(No.2009CB220102); 国家基础科学人才培养计划(No.J1210014)资助项

一种不规则小行星附近周期轨道全局搜索策略

研究不规则小行星附近的自然周期轨道，有助于更好地认识小行星附近的动力学特性。周期轨道的搜索过程需要频繁地进行轨道递推，其中绝大多数的计算时间消耗在不规则小行星附近的引力加速度计算中。为提高加速度计算效率，提出一种不规则小行星引力加速度快速估计方法；在此基础上，通过参数空间内随机化粗略搜索获得周期轨道的初值猜想；利用遗传算法在初值猜想附近区间进行精细搜索，找到周期轨道的初值。通过对不规则小行星433 Eros附近周期轨道的搜索，对其附近不同形状的周期轨道进行了分类，分析周期轨道在小行星附近的分布规律

新型生物膜耦合人工湿地处理尾矿水试验研究

人工湿地作为一种新的矿山废水生态处理工程技术。在实际应用中取得了快速发展。利用新型天然生物质植物中空纤维填料生物膜反应器和人工湿地相耦合的工艺对某尾矿废水处理进行了小试研究。试验结果表明:COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为87.57%、90.13%、35.25%和55.15%

Knowledge Representation of Process Gas Chromatograph Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Based on Framework

通过气体成分在线分析,过程气相色谱仪对提高企业自动化水平和生产管理精细化程度起重大作用。作为一种复杂的在线分析仪表,较高的样品和信号处理需求、恶劣的使用环境使过程气相色谱仪的可靠性偏低,复杂的仪器结构、有限的故障信息和不确定对应的故障特性,为以人工智能为核心的故障智能诊断技术提供用武之地。基于故障诊断的基本思想,设计了适用于故障诊断的通用框架表示形式;针对过程气相色谱仪的结构特性和工作流程构建故障诊断属性集;结合石化工业中常见的过程气相色谱仪检测器熄火和取样元件堵塞故障,对故障诊断知识的框架结构进行形象地表示。为过程气相色谱仪的故障智能诊断研究提供可行的基础