CT检出结肠结节状病灶的影响因素

目的:利用仿真模型研究结肠结节状病灶的特征、CT扫描参数、阅片视窗及仿真成像(CTC)对CT检出病灶的影响。材料与方法:利用仿真材料制造30个结节放置到仿真人的结肠内壁上,结节分别为0.5cm隆起形、0.3cm隆起形、0.2cm隆起形、0.2cm扁平形、0.2cm高密度扁平形,每种结节6个。分别应用方案8.0mm/2.5mm/17.5(层厚/准直/螺距)和方案5.0mm/1.0mm/7.0扫描并CTC成像。对横断面扫描图像分别应用3种视窗阅片。检测不同情况下结节的显示情况。结果:窗宽1000HU,窗中心-500HU时,8.0mm/2.5mmm/17.5横断面图像及CTC显示0.5cm、0.3cm所有结节,结节边缘清楚,影像测量值与实物大小相符,而0.2cm结节,横断面图像仅隐约显示1个高密度扁平形结节,CTC图像隐约显示1个高密度扁平形和3个隆起形结节。5.0/1.0/7.0扫描横断面图像及CTC图像除0.2cm低密度扁平形结节未见显示外,其余4种结节均全部显示。窗中心-1000HU时,上述结节边缘模糊,影像测量值略偏大。窗中心0HU时,0.3和0.2cm结节未见显示,0.5cm结节显示暗淡、变小。结论:结肠结节特征、CT扫描参数、阅片视窗及仿真成像均影响CT对结节的检出,CTC对检出小结节的敏感性优于原始横断面扫描图像

比较CT和X线检查对肠梗阻的诊断价值

目的:比较CT和X线平片对肠梗阻的检查技术及诊断价值。方法:比较CT、X线CR平片对肠梗阻患者的检查操作难度、检查消耗时间、图像质量、患者舒适度及图像显示病变的敏感性及准确性,同时比较患者及开单医生对X线CR平片、CT这两种检查的接受度。结果:在CT、X线CR平片对肠梗阻患者的检查操作难度、检查消耗时间、图像质量、患者舒适度及图像显示病变的敏感性及准确性方面,CT显著优于X线CR平片;但患者及开单医生对X线CR平片检查的接受度又显著高于CT。结论:CT是一种对肠梗阻很有价值的检查诊断工具

腰椎相关结构的退变规律

目的研究腰椎退变患者腰椎骨质、椎间盘、韧带、椎小关节退变及腰椎退变性失稳与年龄、性别的相关性,探讨腰椎退变规律。资料与方法对1180例腰椎退变患者的腰椎CT进行分析,观察不同年龄段、不同性别间椎体骨质、椎间盘、椎小关节、韧带退变以及退变性腰椎失稳的发生率。结果腰椎退变患者腰椎间盘的退变率最高,其次是腰椎骨质、椎小关节、韧带、腰椎失稳。以36岁为年龄分界,36岁以下为腰椎低退变率年龄,以上是腰椎高退变率年龄,不同结构伴随年龄增长的退变率并不是同步递增的,腰椎骨质、椎小关节、韧带退变率及腰椎失稳发生率最高在65岁以上年龄段,而腰椎间盘退变率最高在36~45岁年龄段。男性腰椎间盘、骨质的退变率明显高于女性;椎小关节、韧带的退变率在男、女性间无显著差异;而女性腰椎失稳率明显高于男性。结论总体上伴随年龄增长的腰椎退变,其不同结构的退变规律不一,在不同年龄段及性别间都存在明显差异,全面分析腰椎退变的影像表现有利于对腰椎退变性疾病的理解和治疗

Application of Gas-Contrasted and Window Technic in Diagnosing Gastro-Colon Lesion with CT

目的探讨空气造影低剂量CT扫描及低窗位图像诊断肠道病变的应用价值。方法126例疑有胃或结肠病患者随机分为2组,一组(69例)采用传统的水造影或无造影常规剂量CT扫描及常规窗位诊断,另一组(57例)采用空气造影低剂量CT扫描及低窗位图像诊断,以内窥镜检查为诊断标准,由资深医生采用单盲法评价诊断,比较2组图像的诊断自信度及正确率。结果医生对空气造影低剂量CT扫描及低窗位图像的诊断自信度和正确率明显优于传统的水造影或无造影常规剂量CT扫描常规窗位图像。结论充气造影低剂量CT及窗位技术诊断胃结肠病变明显优越于传统检查方法,值得提倡。 【英文摘要】 Objective To study the Value of low dose CT scanning with gas-contrasted and low window level in diagnosing gastro-colon lesions.Methods 126 cases suspected with gastro-colon lesions were randomly devided into two groups,group A(69 cases) were scanned with conventional water-contrast or non-contrast and conventional expose dose,and with conventional window level,group B(57 cases) were scanned with gas-contrasted and low expose dose,and using low window level.The images were evaluated by 2 experienced radiol..

Malignant transformation arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary presenting as ovarian torsion: a case report and literature review

Objective: Ovarian torsion is an acute gynecological condition. Torsion is more likely to occur with benign rather than malignant tumors. Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO) is frequent in women of reproductive age; however, the incidence of malignant transformation is approximately 2%. We report a case of malignant transformation of MCTO presenting as ovarian tumor torsion. Case report: A 51-year-old premenopausal woman was diagnosed with mature cystic teratoma in the left ovary 7 years ago. The patient visited our hospital because she had been experiencing of pain in left lower abdomen for the past two days. She was diagnosed with ovarian tumor torsion and underwent emergency surgery. The left ovarian tumor was twisted, and left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma arising from the MCTO. We carefully followed the patients without performing staging laparotomy. On postoperative day 112, multiple lymph node metastases in the pelvic and para-aortic areas were found by positron-emission tomography and computed tomography. After referral to a university hospital, total hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy, partial omentectomy, and pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy were performed. Metastases of squamous cell carcinoma were confirmed in the pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes. Six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin were given following radical surgery to prevent the recurrence of malignant transformation of MCTO. No recurrence of the disease has been observed during 2 years of follow-up. Conclusio: When physicians diagnose large ovarian tumor torsion cases, preoperative examinations should be performed, with the possibility of malignancy in mind

SUMO ホンヤク ゴ シュウショク ニ ヨル テンシャ インシ Sox2 ノ DNA ケツゴウ ソガイ

Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) は、ほ乳類発生の胚盤胞期に内部細胞塊で発現し、その未分化能・多分化能の維持に重要である。また胃を含めた消化管の発生分化に関わっている。Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) は、被修飾タンパク質のリジン残基側鎖にイソペプチド結合する翻訳後修飾因子である。SUMOによるタンパク質修飾は酵母からヒトを含む高等生物まで保存されており、細胞核機能、転写制御への関わりが示唆されてきた。本論文では、Sox2の機能制御機構とSUMO修飾との関連を明らかにすることを目的とした

放射性同位素污染水的净化及对净化机制的探讨

当放射性物质污染水的比放射性在1×10~(-4)居里/升时,芝麻杆灰、玉米杆灰、红薯藤灰等及土类作净化剂时的二级净化率都在95.2—99.8%之间。用光谱定性方法分析芝麻杆灰和麦杆灰的水浸液得知,其中含有Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Si~(3+),Al~(3+)及CO_3~(2-),SO_4~(2-),PO_4~(3-),Cl~-等离子。试验表明,CO_3~(2-),Cl~-等离子的存在有助于提高对放射性~(90)锶的净化效率,Ca~(2+)、PO_4~(3-)等离子的存在则使芝麻杆灰对~(90)锶

地表过程研究进展与趋势/Studies of Earth Surface Processes: Progress and Prospect[J]

地表过程复杂多样、涉及广泛.针对当前地表过程研究现状,从地球系统科学和全球变化的视角讨论了与地表过程相关的一些概念及研究内涵.在分析单要素地表过程和多要素地表过程的基础上,从研究内容的综合性、多国合作的国际性、针对区域突出问题的区域性、以过程变化为核心的动态性及研究方法的多样性等方面论述了地表过程研究的特点,总结性地给出了国内外研究的总体趋势.在上述分析基础上,进一步从国际科学发展趋势、国家需要和信息、技术等方面分析了中国地表过程研究所面临的机遇；从多学科交叉、自然与人文过程的定量与有机耦合等方面讨论了地表过程研究所面临的挑战