国家自然科学基金2001-2016年基于纳米技术相关研究的资助项目分析

目的为我国从事纳米技术,特别是纳米医学相关研究人员提供参考。方法对国家自然科学基金委员会在2001～2016年资助纳米技术相关项目的基本情况进行了总结。结果与结论纳米技术是研究结构尺寸在1～100 nm内材料的性质和应用的一种技术,在材料与制备,微电子和计算机技术,医学与健康,航天和航空,生物技术等多个方面具有广泛的应用前景,是跨学科的重要科技前沿,但目前在国内获得临床许可或上市的纳米医学相关产品十分匮乏,这与目前国内数量庞大的纳米领域论文发表与科研经费不成正比

Identifying potential anti-COVID-19 pharmacological components of traditional Chinese medicine Lianhuaqingwen capsule based on human exposure and ACE2 biochromatography screening

药学院吴彩胜副教授联合海军军医大学柴逸峰教授团队在连花清瘟胶囊防治新冠肺炎的药理活性成分和机制研究方面取得新进展，这项研究基于HRMS和智能非靶向数据挖掘技术，全面分析了对多次给药后人血浆和尿液中的连花清瘟胶囊成分，合成了全新的ACE2生物色谱固定相，筛选出连花清瘟胶囊提取物和人尿液样品潜在的ACE2靶向成分。这项研究是连花清瘟胶囊的人体暴露信息的首次报道，为其在抗COVID-19的药理活性成分和作用机制研究提供了化学和药理学理论依据。本研究证明基于人体暴露的研究策略可用于高效的发掘中草药中的药效活性物质。【Abstract】Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) capsule, a herb medicine product, has been clinically proved to be effective in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia treatment. However, human exposure to LHQW components and their pharmacological effects remain largely unknown. Hence, this study aimed to determine human exposure to LHQW components and their anti-COVID-19 pharmacological activities. Analysis of LHQW component profiles in human plasma and urine after repeated therapeutic dosing was conducted using a combination of HRMS and an untargeted data-mining approach, leading to detection of 132 LHQW prototype and metabolite components, which were absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract and formed via biotransformation in human, respectively. Together with data from screening by comprehensive 2D angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) biochromatography, 8 components in LHQW that were exposed to human and had potential ACE2 targeting ability were identified for further pharmacodynamic evaluation. Results show that rhein, forsythoside A, forsythoside I, neochlorogenic acid and its isomers exhibited high inhibitory effect on ACE2. For the first time, this study provides chemical and biochemical evidence for exploring molecular mechanisms of therapeutic effects of LHQW capsule for the treatment of COVID-19 patients based on the components exposed to human. It also demonstrates the utility of the human exposure-based approach to identify pharmaceutically active components in Chinese herb medicines.The authors would like to thank Prof. Chuan Li in Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) to provide biological samples and technical guidance. This research was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China, China, (Grant Nos. 81773688, U1903119, 81973291, and 81973275); Zhejiang University Special Scientific Research Fund for COVID-19 Prevention and Control, China; “Phospherus” Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, China, (Grant Nos. 19QA1411500); National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for "Significant New Drugs Development", China, (Grant No. 2020ZX09201005)

抗菌肽基因BnPCD842895克隆表达及活性检测

为寻找新型植物抗菌肽,通过生物信息学的手段在全基因组范围内进行油菜抗菌肽基因的预测和分析,初步筛选出与已知抗菌肽具有类似序列结构特征的候选基因BnPCD842895。BnPCD842895基因长度为189bp,编码48个氨基酸,通过overlap PCR方法,将合成的抗菌肽基因克隆到pET30a-EDDIE-GFP表达载体上。将大肠杆菌中表达得到的包涵体融合蛋白在体外复性,并通过融合蛋白EDDIE的自我剪切,从而获得不增加任何多余氨基酸的抗菌肽产物。抑菌活性检测结果表明BnPCD842895对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌都具有较强的抑菌活性

Participatory monitoring and evaluation for stakeholder engagement, assessment of project impacts, and for institutional and community learning and change

为寻找新型植物抗菌肽,通过生物信息学的手段在全基因组范围内进行油菜抗菌肽基因的预测和分析,初步筛选出与已知抗菌肽具有类似序列结构特征的候选基因BnPCD842895。BnPCD842895基因长度为189bp,编码48个氨基酸,通过overlap PCR方法,将合成的抗菌肽基因克隆到pET30a-EDDIE-GFP表达载体上。将大肠杆菌中表达得到的包涵体融合蛋白在体外复性,并通过融合蛋白EDDIE的自我剪切,从而获得不增加任何多余氨基酸的抗菌肽产物。抑菌活性检测结果表明BnPCD842895对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌都具有较强的抑菌活性

激光雷达在森林生态系统监测模拟中的应用现状与展望

激光雷达是一种新兴的主动遥感技术,能够在多重时空尺度上获取森林生态系统高分辨率的三维地形、植被结构参数.其对森林生态系统变化的精确、高效监测和模拟在认识这些变化如何影响陆地生态系统碳循环、全球气候变化,并促进生物多样性保护方面将发挥重要作用.本文拟对激光雷达技术的概念和发展应用简史作一介绍,通过分析其在数字地形产品生成、森林生态参数提取反演应用中的主流算法和优势,继而阐明其推广应用所面临的挑战,最后指出未来激光雷达技术在生态学应用中可能的研究热点.本文认为,构建集太空、天空、地面多源传感器于一体的数字生态系统是未来生态系统观测网络发展的必然趋势,而激光雷达技术能够在数字生态系统建设过程中搭建可靠的数据支撑体系,最终有助于决策部门调控、优化人与环境关系,实现二者和谐共存