基于SODA资料的南海表层风能输入的空间分布与长期趋势研究

海面风不仅是驱动上层海洋运动的主要动力,其能量也是维持海洋表层流动的主要机械能来源。为了分析南海表层流风能输入的变化,用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)(1901—2010)资料估算了风向南海表层流(表层地转流+表层非地转流)的能量输入。结果表明,风向南海表层流、表层地转流和表层非地转流输入的能量总体均呈减少趋势, 110年间分别减小了约56%、65%和49%。导致风能输入减小的最主要因素是风应力的减弱(减小了35%)。由于南海受季风系统的控制,风向表层流及其各成分输入的能量呈现出显著的季节性变化。冬季风能输入最强,高值区位于南海西部及北部区域,呈一个显著的\"回力镖\"状结构。这些结果对深入认识南海环流具有理论意义。国家自然科学基金项目(41676021、41541040、91228202);;近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放课题(MELRS1608)~

Uncertainty Analysis of Gas/Particle Partitioning of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

于2010年8月10~14日用双层石英膜和双层聚氨酯泡沫(Puf)的方法采集并分析了厦门大学海洋楼顶大气中气态和颗粒态多环芳烃(PAHS),并采用标准误差传递方法对气/粒分配系数(kP)的不确定度进行了分析.测量结果显示,低分子量PAHS如萘、苊、二氢苊和芴在Puf吸附体系中的穿透能力最强,穿透率接近50%;如考虑第一层石英滤膜对气态萘、苊和二氢苊的吸附影响,则校正后的kP值比校正前相应的kP值低1个数量级以上.采用标准误差传递方法得到PAHS气/粒分配系数kP的不确定度,介于28.14%~50.37%之间,且表现为易挥发和难挥发性PAHS的kP值皆具有较高的不确定度,而半挥发性PAHS的kP值的不确定度则较小.kP值的不确定度来源分析显示,气态PAHS浓度的不确定度的影响最大(方差贡献均值=77.9%),其次为颗粒态PAHS浓度的不确定度(方差贡献均值=22.0%),大气颗粒物浓度的不确定度影响最小(方差贡献均值=0.1%).因此,选择合适的采样系统以获取更加准确的气态PAHS的浓度,是提高PAHS气/粒分配系数准确度的关键.During the period from August 10,2010 through August 14,2010,particle and gas phase PAHs were collected and analyzed using double filters plus PUFs(Poly Urethane Foam) sampling system,and the uncertainties of gas/particle partitioning coefficients of PAHs were investigated using the propagation of errors formulas.The results showed that low-molecular weight PAHs such as naphthalene,acenaphthylene,acenaphthene and fluorene possessed the strong breakthrough capacity with the breakthrough rates close to 50% in double PUF cartridges.The corrected Kp values based on the sorption of PAHs to the primary filter were more than an order of magnitude higher than those without sorption correction for naphthalene,acenaphthylene and acenaphthene.The uncertainties for all the 19 PAHs ranged from 28.14% to 50.37% based on the standard error propagation formulas,with higher values for volatile and involatile PAHs and lower values for semi-volatile PAHs.The results also showed that the uncertainties of Kp were mainly contributed from the measurements of particle(average variance contribution was 77.9%) and gas(average variance contribution was 22.0%) phase PAHs while the contributions of total suspended particle were ignorable.Thus,getting more accurate data for gaseous PAHs using an appropriate sampling system is the key to increase the accuracy of gas/particle partitioning coefficients of PAHs.国家自然科学基金项目(40971257);环保公益性行业科研专项项目(201009004);国家海洋局近海海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(200911

Characteristics of PCBs in a Capacitor Storage Site and an Industrial Brownfield

研究了四川资阳机车厂废弃电力电容器封存点与旧工业场地土壤与降尘中28种多氯联苯(PCbS)的污染水平与组成特征.电容器封存山洞未封闭洞口处土壤中PCbS含量最高,28种PCbS的总含量(ΣPCbS)达227 502 ng.g-1,铸铁车间窗台降尘中也有高残留的PCbS,ΣPCbS在10μg.g-1以上,封存点和铸铁车间样品中PCbS单体含量之间均存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.01).高污染样品中PCbS的同族体分布均以四氯代PCbS为最高,其次为三氯代PCbS和五氯代PCbS.与封存点土壤相比,铸铁车间样品中高氯代PCbS的贡献更大.12种类二英PCbS的毒性当量(TEQ)介于75.43~24 027 Pg.g-1之间,远大于电子垃圾拆解区土壤,但普遍都以PCb126的毒性当量贡献占绝对优势.The levels and congener patterns of 28 PCBs compounds were investigated in soil and dust fallout collected in a capacitor storage site and an industrial brownfield,respectively in Sichuan Ziyang Locomotive Factory.The highest concentration of the total PCBs(PCBs=227 502 ng·g-1) was found in soil collected from the front gate(unsealed) of the capacitor storage tunnel.Very high levels of PCBs,exceed 10 μg·g-1,were also found in the dust collected from the window sill of an iron foundry.There were significant positive correlations(P<0.01) among PCB congener concentration in the storage site and the iron foundry samples.The major contribution to the total content of PCBs in the high contaminated samples was tetrachlorinated biphenyls,followed by tri-and penta-chlorinated biphenyls.Hexa-and higher chlorinated biphenyls contributed more to PCBs in the iron foundry than those in the storage site.The total toxicity equivalents(TEQ) of 12 dioxin-like congeners varied in the range of 75.43-24 027 pg·g-1 and were much higher than those in soils of e-waste recycling sites.However,PCB126 contribute the most to the TEQ in most cases.国家自然科学基金项目(40603020);福建省自然科学基金计划项目(2009J05106

X射线双星系统的探测

搜寻X射线双星并建立大规模样本是解决众多科学问题(如\"银河系中有多少黑洞X射线双星?黑洞和中子星之间有无质量间隙?球状星团中有无黑洞?\"等)的基础.爱因斯坦探针卫星拥有更灵敏的探测能力,将在运行的几年之中,预计可以发现一批新的中子星和黑洞X射线双星,研究其空间和动力学质量分布成为解决上述问题的关键.国家重点研发计划(编号:2016YFA040080X);;国家自然科学基金(编号:1133305);;中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(编号:XDA15052100,XDB23040000)资助项

Selective methylation of toluene using CO2 and H2 to para-xylene

二甲苯（PX）是石化工业的基本有机化工原料之一，主要用于生产三大合成材料—合成树脂、合成纤维和合成橡胶。随着我国下游产业的快速发展，PX的需求量迅猛增长，进口依存度大于50%。袁友珠教授课题组提出使用CO2和H2替代甲醇作为甲苯烷基化试剂，利用CO2和H2在相对较低温度下生成的甲氧基中间体（无需经甲醇）直接与甲苯烷基化。化学化工学院2018级博士生左佳昌为论文第一作者，博士生陈伟坤、硕士生刘佳以及醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室（厦门大学）段新平博士和叶林敏博士等参与了论文的部分研究。该研究结果已分别申请了中国发明专利（申请号201911149539.2, 2019）和国际专利（申请号PCT/CN2020/077412, 2020）。【Abstract】Toluene methylation with methanol to produce xylene has been widely investigated. A simultaneous side reaction of methanol-to-olefin over zeolites is hard to avoid, resulting in an unsatisfactory methylation efficiency. Here, CO2 and H2 replace methanol in toluene methylation over a class of ZnZrOx–ZSM-5 (ZZO-Z5) dual-functional catalysts. Results demonstrate that the reactive methylation species (H3CO*; * represents a surface species) are generated more easily by CO2 hydrogenation than by methanol dehydrogenation. Catalytic performance tests on a fixed-bed reactor show that 92.4% xylene selectivity in CO-free products and 70.8% para-xylene selectivity in xylene are obtained on each optimized catalyst. Isotope effects of H2/D2 and CO2/13CO2 indicate that xylene product is substantially generated from toluene methylation rather than disproportionation. A mechanism involving generation of reactive methylation species on ZZO by CO2 hydrogenation and migration of the methylation species to Z5 pore for the toluene methylation to form xylene is proposed.This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21972113), and the Program for Innovative Research Team in Chinese Universities (IRT_14R31).该工作得到了国家重点研发计划（2017YFA0206801）、国家自然科学基金（21972113、91545115）和教育部创新团队（IRT_14R31）的资助

Comparison of efficacy between mPCNL with holmium laser and EMS standard tract PCNL in the treatment of complex renal calculi under ultrasound guidance

目的比较b超引导下微通道经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术(MPCnl)与标准通道经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声碎石术(标准通道PCnl)治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效。方法对78例复杂性肾结石患者分别行MPCnl(35例)和标准通道PCnl(43例)治疗,术后对2组患者的手术时间、一期结石清除率和手术并发症等指标进行比较分析。结果 2组患者分别成功建立16f和24f经皮肾通道并一期行碎石术。MPCnl组手术时间明显长于标准通道PCnl组;一期结石清除率MPCnl组低于标准通道PCnl组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均38.5℃1例。2组并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 b超引导下MPCnl与标准通道PCnl治疗复杂性肾结石安全有效、并发症发生率低,标准通道PCnl联合应用EMS第4代气压弹道联合超声碎石清石系统碎石清石效率高,较MPCnl钬激光碎石明显有优势,值得推广。Objective To compare the outcomes of the surgical treatment of complex renal calculi with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mPCNL) and EMS percutaneous nephrolithotomy(standard tract PCNL) under ultrasound guidance.Methods A total of 78 patients with complex renal calculi were allocated to either mPCNL treatment group(mPCNL group,n=35) or EMS(swiss,the fourth generation) standard tract PCNL treatment group(standard tract PCNL group,n=43).The operative time,primary stone-free rate and operative complications in the two groups were compared.Results 16F and 24F percutaneous renal accesses were successfully established in mPCNL group and standard tract PCNL group respectively,and then the first lithotrity-lithiasis cleaning procedure was performed.The operation time in mPCNL group was longer than that in the standard tract PCNL group 〔(102±31) min vs(67±22) min,P38.5 ℃ occurred in one case of mPCNL group.There was no significant difference in operative complications in two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Both the treatments of complex renal calculi with mPCNL and EMS(the fourth generation) standard tract PCNL under ultrasound guidance are similarly safe,but the standard tract PCNL has the superiority of higher primary stone-free rate and shorter operation time over the holmium Laser mPCNL.Therefore the standard tract PCNL merits propagation for treating complex renal calculi

膨胀型防火涂料研究进展

火灾是当今世界上常发性灾害中发生频率较高的 一种灾害, 随着经济和城市建设的发展, 火灾的危害性 更显著。 在世界各国的火灾事故中, 建筑物火灾居于 首位; 为减少人们在火灾中的危险, 建筑业中最简便且 最有效的一项安全措施就是采用功能型涂料—防火 涂料; 防火涂料除具备普通涂料装饰、防腐作用外, 还 具有使被保护基材着火难, 遇火后蔓延慢, 产烟率低等 功能, 从而为扑救初始火灾和人员的撤离赢得时间

Imposex of Thais clavigera and Cantharus cecillei in the coastal waters of Xiamen

海产腹足类性畸变以其对有机锡的敏感性、特异性和不可逆性而成为海洋有机锡污染的理想指示种。调查研究了厦门海域岩相海岸带疣荔枝螺(THAIS ClAVIgErA)和甲虫螺(CAnTHAruS CECIllEI)的性畸变情况,通过生物学指标IOI(性畸变率)、rPSI(相对阴茎发展指数)、VdSI(输精管发展指数)及SrI(性比指数)综合评价其性畸变发展程度,间接指示厦门周边海域的有机锡污染程度。研究结果发现,在采集疣荔枝螺的17个站点中有5个站点种群性畸变率为100%,其中宝珠屿种群性畸变程度最为严重,VdSI达4,采集甲虫螺的4个站点的种群性畸变率均为100%。性畸变程度较严重的种群普遍集中于厦门西港,并且表现出由港内到港外逐渐减轻的趋势,而白城、会展中心和大嶝岛等位于开阔的厦门东海域的种群性畸变程度最轻,与往年厦门西海域有机锡污染监测数据相比一致,体现出性畸变程度与有机锡污染程度及海港码头远近之间的相互关系。The degree of imposex,i.e.the imposition of male characteristics onto females,in neogastropods can be used as a sensitive and accurate biomarker to evaluate organotin contamination in coastal marine environment.Now,the imposex status in females of Thais clavigera and Cantharus cecillei in 17 sites was investigated to evaluate the organotin contamination along Xiamen Bay during 2006 and 2007.The four indices including incidence of imposex(IOI),relative penis size index(RPSI),vas deferens sequences index(VDSI) and sex ratio index(SRI) were used comprehensively to assess the imposex status in order to ascertain the extent of organotin bioavailability in Xiamen Bay.Based on this research,T.clavigera in 5 sites and C.cecillei in all survey sites exhibited the IOI of 100%.At Bao ZhuYu Islet,the imposex level was the most serious with maximum VDSI value of 4.In general,the imposex level decreased from the inner to the outer of Xiamen Western Harbour,and the populations in the open Xiamen Eastern Waters including Bai Cheng,Convention and Exhibiton Center and Dadeng Island showed a lower imposex level.These results were accordant with the concentrations of organotins in 2005.The imposex degree also increased with increasing organotin contamination and decreasing distance from shipping facilities.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40476048);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目;厦门大学新世纪优秀人才计划基金资助项

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家