Separation and purification of catalpol from Radix Rehmanniae

An ultrasonic extraction technology of preparing catalpol from Radix Rehmanniae was optimized by a uniform experimental design.The optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction were thus established: 68% (vol) ethanol aqueous solution as extraction solvent,the volume(ml) to mass(g) ratio of extraction solvent to feed of 5∶1,the ultrasonic treatment time of 36 min.The crude catalpol obtained from the optimized ultrasonic extraction technology was further purified by selective adsorption with macroporous resin.The adsorption capacities and desorption yields of ten kinds of macroporous resins for catalpol were investigated.The results showed that H103 resin possessed the best performance.The properties of dynamic adsorption and desorption of H103 resin for catalpol were subsequently investigated on adsorption column.The optimum conditions for adsorption and desorption were determined.The concentration of catalpol in the loaded sample solution was 6.15 mg·ml-1,the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1,the volumetric percentage of ethanol in the eluting solvent was 75%,the elution flow rate was 0.5 ml·min-1 and the elution volume was 3.33 BV(bed volume).Under the above conditions,the purity of catalpol product eluted from the column packed with H103 resin reached 62.39% while that of the crude catalpol was only 10.01%

Effect of Flue-gas Cleaning Devices on Mercury Emission From Coal-fired Boiler

为研究燃煤锅炉烟气净化设施对汞排放特性的影响,采用Ontario-Hydro方法,对设有催化脱硝、静电除尘、海水脱硫的300MW燃煤锅炉排放烟气中汞的含量与形态进行分析,同时测定锅炉的煤、底渣、飞灰等固体样品以及脱硫塔前后、曝气之后海水样品中的汞含量。实验结果为:烟气中的气态汞占总汞的79.1%以上,脱硝催化剂对汞的价态具有强烈的转化作用,烟气中83.4%的气态Hg0被氧化成气态Hg2+;静电除尘对颗粒态汞的去除率几乎达到100%;在脱硫塔中,海水对烟气中汞的洗脱率高达73.6%,曝气后排放前的海水中含汞量是新鲜海水的5.5倍。研究表明锅炉烟气净化设施对汞的排放特性有着重要的影响。In order to study the effect of flue-gas cleaning devices on mercury emission from coal-fired boiler, Ontario-Hydro method had been applied to determine the mercury concentration and speciation in the flue-gas emitted from a 300MW coal-fired boiler, which was equipped with various pollution control devices, including selective catalyst reduction (SCR) De-NOx system, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and flue-gas seawater De-SO2 system (FGD). Mercury concentration in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash of the boiler, seawater at the inlet and outlet of SO2 absorption reactor and the drainage of aeration sink, were also analyzed. The results indicate that the percentage of gaseous mercury in total mercury discharged is more than 79.1%. De-NOx catalyst strongly affects the mercury speciation transformation, showing a conversion rate of 83.4% for Hg0 to Hg2+. The removal efficiency of particulate mercury by ESP is close to 100%. With seawater FGD, the removal efficiency of mercury is as high as 73.6%. The mercury concentration in the seawater of drainage from aeration sink is 5.5 times higher than that in fresh seawater. The study shows that the flue-gas cleaning devices in coal-fired power plant play an important role on mercury emission characterization

让城市总体规划更有用

今天这场学术对话的主题是\"让城市总体规划更有用\"。城市总体规划是一个城市全局性、综合性规划,在统筹城乡发展、优化空间开发格局、合理配置空间资源、保障公共利益等方面发挥着战略引领和刚性控制作用,是城市重要的公共政策和指导城市建设的法定依据。无论从城乡规划法律的制度设计还是从城市总体规划的属性来看

INTERACTION BETWEEN TRANSITION METAL (TM) IONS AND LIGAND IONS IN TM: ZnSe CLUSTERS

【中文摘要】 把Cluster分为内部原子和边界原子,考虑电荷转移效应对Cluster环境势的影响,利用离散变分自洽电荷密度方法分析非冻结原子轨道的占有数,具体计算了过渡金属离子在ZnSe中的电子结构,Cluster的净电荷和电荷转移。得到了过渡金属离子与配位原子相互作用特性的一些新的规律性认识。 【英文摘要】 A new approach for studying the electronic properties of the Ⅱ-Ⅵ compounds is presented , in which the atoms in a cluster is divided into the inner ones and boundary ones, the influence of the charge transfer on the environmental potential produced by the ion lattices outside the cluster is taken into account. The occupation number of the cluster molecular orbitals is calculated by a modified DV-SCC method with a new environmental potential. The net charges and the charge transfer of the clusters TM: ZnSe a...高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助的课

Effect of Long-term P Fertilization on Wheat Yield of Loess Plateau

以黄土高原长期定位试验为基础,研究施一定量氮肥(90 kg/hm2)的前提下,长期施用磷肥对黄土高原旱作冬小麦的肥料效应。结果表明,长期施用磷肥的农田施磷仍能显著提高小麦的产量,增产量达1393.75~2121.00kg/hm2,增产率为48.41%~73.67%,本试验中施磷39.6 kg/hm2时小麦产量达最大值5000 kg/hm2,这与小麦成穗数最大时的施肥量结果一致;产量与施磷量关系用回归方程Y=-0.8667X2+82.641X+3008.4(R2=0.92)拟合效果良好;施磷主要是通过影响小麦成穗数来影响小麦产量,而对穗粒数和千粒重的促进作用不明显;施磷还可促进小麦对氮磷钾养分的吸收利用,提高肥料的肥效和利用率;施磷过少不能满足作物需求,小麦产量较低,施磷过多小麦产量不会随施肥量的增加继续提高,反而有一定幅度的下降

Effect of Long-term P Fertilization on Wheat Yield of Loess Plateau

以黄土高原长期定位试验为基础,研究施一定量氮肥(90 kg/hm2)的前提下,长期施用磷肥对黄土高原旱作冬小麦的肥料效应。结果表明,长期施用磷肥的农田施磷仍能显著提高小麦的产量,增产量达1393.75~2121.00kg/hm2,增产率为48.41%~73.67%,本试验中施磷39.6 kg/hm2时小麦产量达最大值5000 kg/hm2,这与小麦成穗数最大时的施肥量结果一致;产量与施磷量关系用回归方程Y=-0.8667X2+82.641X+3008.4(R2=0.92)拟合效果良好;施磷主要是通过影响小麦成穗数来影响小麦产量,而对穗粒数和千粒重的促进作用不明显;施磷还可促进小麦对氮磷钾养分的吸收利用,提高肥料的肥效和利用率;施磷过少不能满足作物需求,小麦产量较低,施磷过多小麦产量不会随施肥量的增加继续提高,反而有一定幅度的下降

分布反馈光纤激光水听器相位一致性的测试方法

在传统压电水听器相位一致性测试的基础上提出了分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光水听器相位一致性的测试方法, 并搭建了测试系统. 采用偏振无关的非平衡迈克尔逊干涉仪和归一化的相位载波 (PGC)解调方案, 解调出光纤激光水听器感受的水声信号, 并与参考压电水听器作对比, 使用高精度相位检测器将两信号转化为相位差信号; 重复测量第二支光纤激光水听器; 将两个相位差值作比较即可得到光纤激光水听器的相位一致性. 实验证明了测试系统的稳定性; 同时对光纤激光水听器的相位一致性进行了测试和分析, 证明了光纤激光水听器具有很高的相位一致

Superior mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of heterogeneous laminates under dynamic shear loading

High-strain rate response of low C steel/304 stainless steel (SS) laminates was characterized by hat-shaped specimen using Hopkinson-bar technique at a strain rate of about 7 x 10(4) s(-1). Better dynamic shear properties were observed in the laminates, compared to the plain low C steel plate and the plain 304 SS plate. The laminates were found to postpone the nucleation of adiabatic shear band (ASB) in the hard zone and to delay the propagation of ASB from the hard zone to the soft zone. The conventional maximum stress criterion on ASB nucleation was found not valid any more in the laminates. The hardness difference between the hard zone and the soft zone in the laminates was found to have great influence on the patterns of ASB evolution. Nanotwins were formed in the 304 SS and grain refinement was observed in the martensite low C steel for strain hardening under dynamic shear loading. The mechanical incompatibility across the interfaces was observed to result in strain gradient and geometrically necessary dislocations at the interfaces under dynamic shear loading, contributing to extra strain hardening. The extra hardening was also found to be triggered at the propagation tip of ASB, which helps for achieving better dynamic ductility in the laminates