珠穆朗玛峰地区东绒布冰川冰雪微生物群落及其季节变化

通过流式细胞计数和构建环境样品16S rRNA基因的克隆文库,分析了珠穆朗玛峰地区东绒布冰川冰雪微生物数量和菌群结构特征及其与季节变化的关系．珠峰地区冰雪微生物的16S rRNA基因序列分属于α,β,γ-变形菌纲,放线菌门,厚壁菌门,CFB,蓝细菌,真核质体,待定门TM7共9大类,以γ-变形菌纲为主要类群,其中Acinetobacter和Leclercia属是整个菌群中的优势属．微生物的数量和菌群结构具有明显的季节特征,夏季微生物的数量高于冬季;菌群结构具有一些共有属种的同时,在夏、冬季雪中具有各自特有的属种,共有属种推测是青藏高原局地源的微生物,序列同源性分析结果表明,夏季较多细菌属种与海洋环境相关,冬季细菌则具有更强的耐冷性．微生物明显的季节变化可能是受珠峰地区夏季和冬季不同水汽来源的影响

授業「キャンプ実習」に関する研究(2) : 2ヵ年の基礎研究比較

This research of the second stage executed mainly the comparison of the basic researches into two years. The chief purpose was clarification of a universal part of two years. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The reason for participation and the target of acquisition were "Cheap expenditure", "Course credit", "Basic experience in natural environment" and "Sharing of enjoy a pleasant time with friend". 2. "Aggressiveness to the preparation", "Effective action of the orientation etc.", "Lack of prior study", "Uniformity of environment adaptation power", and "Height of the expectation" were observed as well as last year. 3. The level of student\u27s leadership was guidance of life in the outdoors activity. 4. The factor analysis has extracted the following six factors. "Accomplishment of obligation and responsibility", "Human interaction and self-satisfaction", "Impartiality and democracy", "Health condition", "The mind and body\u27s stability" and "Appropriate practice". 5. The method of the participation of students in the outdoors activity has changed independently and positively. The practice exerted the good influence on students\u27 "Standpoint and attitude". The practice was effective in understanding and goodwill to nature

授業「キャンプ実習」に関する研究(3) : 3ヶ年の基礎研究比較と総合評価

This research of the third stage executed mainly the comparison of the basic researches into three years. The chief purpose was clarification of a universal part of three years. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The reason for participation was "Cheap expenditure" and "Course credit". The expected program was "Observation of constellation" and "Outdoors cooking". The expectation in the practice was "Memories-making", "Experience of happiness", "Harmony with nature", "Build healthy human relationships" and "Acquisition of knowledge and technology". Own acquisition target was "Basic technique" and "Safe procedure". 2. A new problem was a discovery of the method of thoroughly improving student\u27s knowledge and technologies. 3. Student\u27s leadership was extent to be able to do "Life guidance" and "Standard program". 4. The factor analysis has extracted the following six factors. "Mutual guidance and Consideration", "Charge program and Satisfaction", "Inspiration and Commitment", "Health condition and Stability", "Appropriate amount of activity" and "Guidance of program and Uneasiness". 5. The attitude to the student\u27s outdoors activities has changed independent and positively. The practice gave the good influence to student\u27s "Standpoint and Attitude". The practice was effective in "Understanding and Goodwill" to nature