The Impact of Modernization and Secularization on Individual Religiosity: The Case of Turkey

Adem Sahin holds a Ph.D. in Psychology of Religion, and is associate professor at Theology School of Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of modernization and secularization on individual religious life, as well as to describe the newly emerged conceptions of religiosity and the psycho-sociological processes underlying them in the scope of Turkey. In this context, I shall first deal with the concepts of modernization and secularization, then give a few examples of the new religious trends that have arisen as a result of modernization and secularization, and finally analyze the psycho-social processes that underlie them

Evolved model for early fault detection and health tracking in marine diesel engine by means of machine learning techniques

The Coast Guard Command, which has a wide range of duties as saving human lives, protecting natural resources, preventing marine pollution and battle against smuggling, uses diesel main engines in its ships, as in other military and commercial ships. It is critical that the main engines operate smoothly at all times so that they can respond quickly while performing their duties, thus enabling fast and early detection of faults and preventing failures that are costly or take longer to repair. The aim of this study is to create and to develop a model based on current data, to select machine learning algorithms and ensemble methods, to develop and explain the most appropriate model for fast and accurate detection of malfunctions that may occur in 4-stroke high-speed diesel engines. Thus, it is aimed to be an exemplary study for a data-based decision support mechanism

Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Knowledge Level of First Aid and Basic Life Support in Hazardous Workplaces

Purpose: The aim of this research was to evaluate factors affecting the knowledge level of first aid & basic life support (FA&BLS) among workers employed in ‘very hazardous’ and ‘less hazardous’ workplaces. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Department of Family Medicine, between January 2020 and October 2020. Persons between the ages of 18–65 who were insured in a very hazardous or less hazardous job and agreed to participate in the study were included. A two-part questionnaire was applied, the first part collected sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, the second part evaluated the level of knowledge concerning FA&BLS (20 items). Results: According to the findings of the study, when the rates of working in very dangerous workplace were examined, the rates were significantly higher in middle-aged (p<0.001) married (p<0.001), primary school graduates (p<0.001) and male participants (p<0.001). The frequency of having received FA&BLS was lower in very hazardous workplaces (p=0.011). The level of knowledge FA&BLS was higher in those with higher education (p<0.001) and those who received FA&BLS training (p<0.001). It was determined that the frequency of having received training (p=0.011) and the level of knowledge (p<0.001) were significantly lower among workers employed in very hazardous workplaces. Conclusions: The level of knowledge of FA&BLS is higher in those with high school and university degrees, those with FA&BLS training and those who work in less hazardous workplaces. These indicate the need for repeated training particularly in very hazardous workplaces

İlkokul Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Doğal Sayılara Hazırbulunuşluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin doğal sayılara hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerini ritmik sayma, birebir eşleme, anlamlı sayma, sayının korunumu, azlık-çokluk karşılaştırmaları becerileri açısından incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında ele alınan problem ve alt problemlere uygun olarak betimsel ve nedensel karşılaştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Ankara ilinin Haymana ilçesinde birinci sınıfa devam eden 89 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen 12 sorudan oluşan doğal sayılarda hazırbulunuşluk düzeyi testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre öğrenciler saymaya hazırlık için gerekli beş beceri türünün tümünde sınır kabul edilen öğrenme düzeyi olan %75’e ulaşmış olup, öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluklarının yeterli düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Okul öncesi eğitim alan ve almayan öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluğu arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Öğrencilerin yaş grupları arasında ise 74-80 aylık öğrencilerin lehine anlamlı fark görülmüştür. Ebeveynlerin eğitim durumu açısından çocukların hazırbulunuşluk düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark görülmemiştir

İŞLETMELERDE DÜŞÜNCE AŞAMASINDAN PATENT AŞAMASINA UZANAN SÜREÇTE YENİLİK STRATEJİLERİVE BULUŞ YÖNETİMİ

Küresel bilgi ekonomisinde keskin rekabet ortamıhem kamu sektörünü hem de aynızamanda özel sektörü olağanüstü biçimde etkilemektedir. İşletmeler çalkantılırekabet ortamında daha çok pazar payıelde etme yarışının bir sonucu olarak sürekli yeni ürünler piyasaya sürme ve işletme içi kesintisiz yenilik yaratma çabasına ve proaktif stratejilere yönelmişlerdir. Geçtiğimiz yüzyılda artan küresel rekabet ve etkilerinin sıra-dışıbiçimde büyümesi sadece ürün kalitesinin arttırılmasınıdeğil aynızamanda müşteri beğeni ve beklentileri doğrultusunda yeni ürünler üretme ve bunlarıbaşarılıbiçimde pazara sunma zorunluluğunu da gündeme getirmiştir. Çalışmada, bilgi çağının temel dinamiklerinden olan bilgi ve teknoloji üretiminin stratejik öneminden hareketle, Ar-Ge’ ye dayalıyenilik stratejilerini izleyen işletmelerin geliştirdikleri ürünlerden patent alımına kadar uzanan süreç incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, özellikle Ar-Ge stratejisi ve taklitçi stratejileri izleyen firmalarda uygulanan süreçler irdelenmiştir

Effect of heat treatment on in situ rumen degradability and in vitro gas production of full-fat soyabeans and soyabean meal

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the heat treatment of full-fat soyabean (FFSB) and solvent extracted soyabean meal (SBM) on the in situ dry matter (DM) and protein degradability, and in vitro gas production kinetics of the protein sources. Ruminal disappearance of DM and crude protein (CP), and in vitro gas production were determined after 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation using the in situ ruminal degradation and in vitro gas production techniques, respectively. In situ DM and CP disappearances were fitted to the exponential equation p = a + b (1-e(-ct)), where a is the rapid degradable fraction and b is the slow degradable fraction. In vitro gas production data were fitted to the equation, y = A {1 - exp [- b (t-T) - c ( root t - root T)]}. Where b and c are the initial gas production rate constant (h(-1)) and later gas production rate constant (h(-1/2)), respectively. The two protein sources were heat treated both with steam pressure in an autoclave at 120 degrees C and in an oven at 150 degrees C for 20 min. Heat treatment had a significant effect on effective DM degradability (EDMD), effective CP degradability (ECPD) and in vitro gas production. Although the heat treatments reduced the EDMD, ECPD and the amount of gas produced, the results were inconsistent between protein sources. The heat treatments applied in the autoclave and the oven reduced the ECPD0.02 of FFSB by 12.5% and 10.9%, respectively. On the other hand, heat treatment applied through the autoclave decreased the ECPD0.02 of SBM by 13.9%, but by 18.7% when heat was applied through the oven. Heat treatment of SBM using the oven seemed to be more effective than using autoclaving. Heat treatments in the autoclave and oven reduced the total gas production from FFSB by 7.25 and 7.32%, respectively, and from SBM by 12.69 and 7.91%, respectively. It was concluded that heat treatment is an effective method of altering the rumen degradation characteristics of DM and CP in SBM and FFSB. Both methods could be used to increase the proportion of the rumen non-degradable protein fraction in protein sources which would then reach the small intestines unaffected by ruminal fermentation

Ruminant beslemede kullanılan bazı yemlerin kısmi gaz üretim zamanlarının tahmini

The aim of this study was to determine the gas production kinetics of wheat straw, alfalfa hay and barley grain and estimate t25, t50, t75 and t95 using Y = A(1-exp(-ct)) exponential model. Gas productions were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times. At all incubation times gas production of barley grain was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those of wheat straw and alfalfa hay. The in vitro gas production rate (c) and total gas production (A) of barley grain was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those of wheat straw and alfalfa hay. Time to produce 25, 50, 75 and 95% of total gas production (t25, t50, t75 and t95) of barley grain also were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than those of wheat straw and alfalfa hay. As a result, in addition to the "c" and "A", using Y = A(1-expct) exponential model the estimation of t25, t50, t75 and t95 will provide more useful data to compare feedstuffs in terms of in vitro fermentation studies.Bu çalışmanın amacı, buğday samanı, yonca otu ve arpa danesinin gaz üretim kinetiklerini, t25, t50, t75 ve t95 gibi kısmi gaz üretim zamanlarını Y = A(1-exp-ct) üssel fonksiyonunu kullanarak belirlemektir. Gaz üretimi 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saatlerinde belirlenmiştir. Bütün inkübasyon zamanlarında arpa danesinden üretilen gaz miktarı, buğday samanı ve yonca otundan üretilen gazdan önemli (P<0.01) derecede daha fazla bulunmuştur. Arpa danesinin gaz üretim hızı (c) ve üretilen toplam gaz miktarı (A), buğday samanı ve yonca otunun gaz üretim hızlarından ve üretilen toplam gaz miktarından önemli (P<0.01) derecede daha fazla bulunmuştur. Arpa danesine ait kısmi gaz üretim zamanları (t25, t50, t75 ve t95), buğday samanı ve yonca otuna ait kısmi gaz üretim zamanlarından önemli (P<0.01) derecede daha düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, “c” ve “A” parametrelerine ilave olarak, Y = A(1-exp-ct) üssel fonksiyonu kullanarak, kısmi gaz üretim zamanlarının (t25, t50, t75 ve t95) hesaplanması, yemlerin in vitro fermantasyon açısından karşılaştırılması için daha fazla ve yararlı datalar sağlamıştır

Determination of allergenic pollens in the atmosphere of Trabzon province by volumetric method

Bu çalışmada, Trabzon ili atmosferinde bulunan polenler 01 Ocak 2016 – 31 Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında volumetrik yöntemle VPSS 2000 (Lanzoni) cihazı kullanılarak araştırıldı. Bir yıllık çalışma süresince 45 taksona ait toplam 29150 polen m-3 Trabzon atmosferinde kaydedildi. Tespit edilen bu taksonların 24’ünün odunsu bitkilere (%69.78), 21’inin otsu bitkilere (%30.00) ve tanımlanamayan (%0.23) polenlere ait olduğu belirlendi. Çalışılan bölgede yoğun olarak saptanan odunsu taksonlar; Alnus sp. (%23.06), Cupressaceae-Taxaceae (%19.29), Pinaceae (%11.59), Betula sp. (%5.91), Platanus sp. (%3.38), Quercus sp. (%1.67), Ulmus sp. (%1.16) ve Fraxinus sp. (%1.05) olarak saptandı. Otsu bitkiler ise; Poaceae (%13.56), Urticaceae (%7.10), Boraginaceae (%2.12), Rumex sp. (%1.92), Mercurialis sp. (%1.36) ve Artemisia sp. (%1.25) olduğu belirlendi. Çalışılan bölgede polen yoğunluğunun en fazla olduğu aylar Şubat (%38.39), Mart (%11.88) ve Nisan (%15.67) olarak belirlendi.: In this study, airborne pollen grains of Trabzon were investigated using a volumetric trap VPSS 2000 (Lanzoni) from 01st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. During one-year study period, a total of 29150 polen m-3 belonging to 45 taxa were recorded. From identified taxa, 24 belong to arboreal (69.78%) and 21 taxa to non-arboreal (30.00%) and unidentified pollen grains (0.23%). In the investigated area, from arboreal plant taxa Alnus sp. (23.06%), Cupressaceae-Taxaceae (19.29%), Pinaceae (11.59%), Betula sp. (5.91%), Platanus sp. (3.38%), Quercus sp. (1.67%), Ulmus sp. (1.16%), Fraxinus sp. (1.05%) and from non-arboreal plant taxa Poaceae (13.56%), Urticaceae (7.10%), Boraginaceae (2.12%), Rumex sp. (1.92%), Mercurialis sp. (1.36%), and Artemisia sp. (1.25%) were responsible for the greatest amounts of pollen grains during the study period. The maximum pollen concentration of investigated area is recorded in February (38.39%), March (11.88%) and April (15.67%)

Targeted siRNA lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of KRAS-mutant tumors

K-RAS is a highly relevant oncogene that is mutated in approximately 90% of pancreatic cancers and 20–25% of lung adenocarcinomas. The aim of this work was to develop a new anti-KRAS siRNA therapeutic strategy through the engineering of functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). To do this, first, a potent pan anti-KRAS siRNA sequence was chosen from the literature and different chemical modifications of siRNA were tested for their transfection efficacy (KRAS knockdown) and anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines. Second, a selected siRNA candidate was loaded into tLyp-1 targeted and non-targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The biodistribution and antitumoral efficacy of selected siRNA-loaded LNP-prototypes were evaluated in vivo using a pancreatic cancer murine model (subcutaneous xenograft CFPAC-1 tumors). Our results show that tLyp-1-tagged targeted LNPs have an enhanced accumulation in the tumor compared to non-targeted LNPs. Moreover, a significant reduction in the pancreatic tumor growth was observed when the anti-KRAS siRNA treatment was combined with a classical chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the benefits of using a targeting approach to improve tumor accumulation of siRNA-LNPs and its positive impact on tumor reductionThis work was supported by the 2-INTRATARGET project (PCIN-2017-129/AEI) funded by MINECO-PCIN-2017-129/AEI, under the frame of EuroNanoMed III; by Consellería de Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia's Grupos de referencia competitiva (grant number ED431C 2017/09). The authors thank TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) for supporting this project (Project number : 217S068). S.A acknowledges the financial support for his postdoctoral research by the 2-INTRATARGET project (PCIN-2017-129/AEI) funded by MINECO-PCIN-2017-129/AEI, under the frame of EuroNanoMed IIIS

Rationale, design, and methodology of the MORCOR-TURK trial: predictors of in-hospital MORtality in CORonary care patients in Turkey

Background: Coronary care units are sophisticated clinics established to reduce deaths due to acute cardiovascular events. Current data on coronary care unit mortality rates and predictors of mortality in Turkey are very limited. The MORtality predictors in CORonary care units in TURKey (MORCOR-TURK) trial was designed to provide information on the mortality rates and predictors in patients followed in coronary care units in Turkey. Methods: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be a national, observational, multicenter, and noninterventional study conducted in Turkey. The study population will include coronary care unit patients from 50 centers selected from all regions in Turkey. All consecutive patients admitted to coronary care units with cardiovascular diagnoses between 1 and 30 September 2022 will be prospectively enrolled. All data will be collected at one point in time, and the current clinical practice will be evaluated (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT05296694). In the first step of the study, admission diagnoses, demographic characteristics, basic clinical and laboratory data, and in-hospital management will be assessed. At the end of the first step, the predictors and rates of in-hospital mortality will be documented. The second step will be in cohort design, and discharged patients will be followed up till 1 year. Predictors of short- and long-term mortality will be assessed. Moreover, a new coronary care unit mortality score will be generated with data acquired from this cohort. Results: The short-term outcomes of the study are planned to be shared by early 2023. Conclusion: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be the largest and most comprehensive study in Turkey evaluating the rates and predictors of in-hospital mortality of patients admitted to coronary care units